scholarly journals Growth and Nutrient Acclimation of Evergreen Oak Seedlings Infected with Boletus reticulatus in Infertile Colluvial Soil in Warm Temperate Monsoon Asia: Evaluation of Early Growth

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Masazumi Kayama
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
Colluvial Soil ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Soil erosion after harvesting of forest plantations can create infertile colluvial soil, therefore, seedlings used for site reforestation should be equipped against nutrient-poor edaphic conditions. The oak genus is a suitable candidate for such reforestation efforts. Oak is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree genus known to grow under infertile environments. In this study, the initial stage of tree growth in three species of oak seedlings inoculated with a spore suspension of ECM fungus was monitored to evaluate the acceleration of seedling growth and nutrient uptake. I selected Quercus acuta Thunb., Quercus glauca Thunb., and Quercus salicina Blume, as these are common, evergreen, broad-leaved woody species commonly found in Southwestern Japan. The seedlings were inoculated with Boletus reticulatus and planted in infertile colluvial soils collected from a site that had undergone soil erosion. I also compared the ecophysiological characteristics of the potted seedlings planted in colluvial soil and normal forest soil. After six months of cultivation, Q. glauca with the ECM showed the highest growth rate in the fertile forest soil and had leaves with a higher nutrient content. In contrast, root dry mass increased slightly in Q. acuta and Q. salicina planted in colluvial soil. In all species, the seedling’s ECM colonization rate in colluvial soil was lower than that in forest soil, yet the increase in nutrient uptake in the former was not obvious. The contents of K and Ca in the roots of Q. acuta and Q. salicina increased with B. reticulatus infection. I concluded that the inoculation with a B. reticulatus spore suspension effectively accelerated the growths in all three Quercus species. Q. glauca favored a fertile environment, and Q. acuta and Q. salicina suitably acclimated to both soil types. Thus, these species were selected as potential future candidates for reforestation in such eroded sites.

scholarly journals Nutrient Uptake in Poinsettia during Different Stages of Physiological Development

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Whipker ◽  
P. Allen Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Nutrient Content

`Supjibi' poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) were grown hydroponically for 15 weeks in nutrient solutions with 100-15-100, 200-30-200, or 300-46-300 (in mg·L-1 of N-P-K) to determine nutrient uptake patterns and accumulation rates. Results indicate that increasing fertilization rates from 100 to 300 mg·L-1 of N and K did not significantly influence the plant dry mass or the nutrient concentration of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn in poinsettias. NH4-N concentration in the leaves, stems, and roots were lowest with the 100-mg·L-1 N fertilization rate and increased as the N application rate increased to 200 and 300 mg·L-1. Leaf P concentration levels from 1 week after potting through anthesis were above 1.3%, which exceeds the recommended level of 0.9%. When the plant tissue dry mass for each fertilizer rate was transformed by the natural log and multiplied by the mean tissue nutrient concentration of each fertilizer rate, there were no significant differences among the three fertilization rates when the total plant nutrient content was modeled for N, P, or K. Increasing the fertilizer application rate above 100 mg·L-1 N and K and 15 mg·L-1 P decreased total plant content of Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn and increased the total plant Fe content. The results of the weekly nutrient uptake based on the total plant nutrient content in this study suggests that weekly fertilization rates should increase over time from potting until anthesis. Rates (in mg) that increase from 23 to 57 for N (with 33% of the total N supplied in the NH4-N form), 9 to 18.5 for P, 19 to 57 for K, 6 to 15 for Ca, and 3 to 8 for Mg can be applied without leaching to poinsettias and produce adequate growth in the northern United States.

Weed Management through Imidazolinones in Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
A.K. Dhaka ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Akshay Kumar Vats ◽  
Harender .
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Net Returns

Background: Pulse crops are commonly known as poor man’s meat. Pigeon pea is second most important pulse crops of India after chickpea. Weeds are amongst prime biotic factors limiting pigeon pea yield and can cause seed yield losses up to 80 per cent. Promising result of weed control by pendimethalin was documented in pigeon pea. Also Imazethapyr is applied as pre and post emergence to control grasses and broad leaved weeds in other pulse crops but limited research was undertaken in pigeon pea. Therefore, current experiment focused to compare the effect of imidazolinones alone and in combination in pigeon pea. Methods: To control weeds in pigeon pea, pre and post-emergence of imidazolinones alone and in combination with pendimethalin was applied. Nutrient content, nutrient uptake, productivity and economics of pigeon pea were worked out.Conclusion: Among herbicidal treatments, the highest nutrient content, nutrient uptake, productivity, net returns and benefit cost ratio in pigeon pea were observed in the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr @ 1000 + 75 g ha-1. Therefore, this treatment may be an effective and profitable alternative to the existing manual and costlier recommendation (two hoeing at 25 and 45 DAS) of weed control in pigeon pea in Haryana locality.

scholarly journals Effect of Fertilizers on Nutrient Content and Uptake of Aromatic Local Transplant Aman Rice Varieties in Acid Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar Mousomi ◽  
Mohammad Noor Hossain Miah ◽  
Md. Abul Kashem ◽  
Imtiaz Miah
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nutrient Analyses

A pot experiment was conducted at the experimental net house of the Department of Soil Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh to observe the effect of fertilizers on yield and nutrient uptake of local aromatic rice varieties during the Aman season of 2015. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Five local aromatic rice varieties (Kalizira: V1, Muktasail: V2, Nagrasail: V3, Maloti: V4 and Chinigura: V5) and four packages of fertilizers (F1:  Recommended package i.e. 45-10-20-10-0.5 kg ha-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn, F2: 2/3rd of recommended package, F3: 1/3rd of recommended package, and F4: Control) were used. Urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and ZnSO4 were used as N, P, K, S and Zn source, respectively. According to the treatment, all fertilizers were applied as basal during final pot preparation while urea was applied in two equal splits (one half as basal and another half at 40 DAT). Nutrient content and uptake of the aromatic rice varieties were significantly affected by the application of different fertilizer packages (with few exceptions). Mostly Kalizira (1.10-0.44-2.31-0.67-13.75 g pot-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn) and/or Nagrasail (1.15-0.46-2.70-0.62-11.74 g pot-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn) varieties showed the highest nutrient uptake in grain and straw with recommended package of fertilizers. While in maximum cases Chinigura (0.41-0.16-0.76-0.197-3.17 g pot-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn) was observed to have the lowest with control treatment. In case of post harvest soil nutrient analyses, Kalizira and/or Chinigura variety associated with recommended package of fertilizers showed the highest nutrient status.

Fertiliser use efficiency by containerised nursery plants. 3. Effect of heavy leaching and damaged fertiliser prills on plant growth, nutrient uptake, and nutrient loss

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Huett ◽  
S. C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Leaching ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Leaching Loss ◽  
Nutrient Amendment

Nutrient leaching loss, plant growth, and nutrient uptake of 4-week (transplanting to sale) ground-cover species were investigated under a range of leaching conditions and with different sources of a controlled- release fertiliser (CRF), Osmocote NPK (3–4 month) (Osm). Osm was applied pre-planting at a rate equivalent to 800 g N/m3 to pots containing sand, and composted pinebark and hardwood sawdust medium that had received nutrient amendment during formulation. Two experiments were conducted in a glasshouse over summer–autumn where irrigation treatments produced defined leachate volumes. In Expt 1, leachate volumes of <5, 50, and 200 mL every 2 days each received an additional single heavy leaching event of 400 mL after 1, 2, or 3 weeks. In Expt 2, the 3 leachate volumes were each fertilised with new Osm (a newly purchased Osm) or old Osm (a 2-year-old source), where both of these sources contained 0.5–1.5% visibly damaged prills; and damaged Osm, where damaged prills were used exclusively. In both experiments, increasing leachate volume increased (P < 0.001) leaching of N (nitrate + ammonium), P, K, Ca, and Mg. In Expt 1, leaching was highest (P < 0.01) when the heavy leaching event occurred after 2 or 3 weeks for N and after 2 weeks for P. When damaged Osm was used, N, P, and K loss was 3–15 times higher (P < 0.001) than from new and old Osm (98.5–99.5% undamaged). The highest leaching loss of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg occurred in the first week after potting up, with damaged prills at highest leaching volume. Increasing leachate volume (in the presence of a heavy leaching event) reduced (P < 0.001) electrical conductivity (EC) of potting medium after 4 weeks from 1.02 to 0.54 dS/m. Damaged prills reduced (P < 0.001) EC at the high leachate volume in relation to new Osm (2.38 v. 0.29 dS/m). Treatments that increased (P < 0.05) nutrient leaching generally reduced (P < 0.05) nutrient concentrations in shoots and depressed the growth of some plant species. Shoot growth of 2 of 5 species was reduced (P < 0.001) at the highest leachate volume with an additional heavy leaching event in Week 1 or 2, and root growth of all but the slowest growing species declined with increasing leachate volume. Damaged prills reduced (P < 0.001) shoot growth of 2 of the 5 ground-cover species. This study demonstrated that excessive leaching and the use of damaged prills for containerised nursery plants fertilised with CRF results in high nutrient loss, low residual nutrient content, reduced nutrient uptake in shoots, and reduced shoot growth of some species.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization, Container Type, and Irrigation Frequency Affect Mineral Nutrient Uptake of Hydrangea

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1987
Author(s):  
Tongyin Li ◽  
Guihong Bi ◽  
Xiaojie Zhao ◽  
Richard L. Harkess ◽  
Carolyn Scagel
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Container Type

Mineral nutrient uptake of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Merritt’s Supreme’ affected by nitrogen (N) fertilization rate, container type, and irrigation frequency was investigated. Rooted liners of hydrangea plants were fertilized twice weekly with a N-free fertilizer plus five N rates including 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mM N from ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), irrigated once or twice daily with the same total irrigation volume, and grown in two types of one-gallon containers: a black plastic container and a biodegradable container (biocontainer), made from recycled paper. Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) averaged in the entire plant, and iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in roots had increasing trends with increasing N rate. By comparison, increasing N rate had a dilution effect on root phosphorus (P), stem and root potassium (K), stem Ca and Mg, and leaf boron (B) concentrations. In general, nutrient content of each tested element increased with increasing N rate in each structure, or total in the plant. When there was a significant container type effect, plastic containers consistently had increased nutrient concentrations and content compared to biocontainers. One irrigation per day was beneficial in increasing nutrient concentrations of P, Ca, and zinc (Zn) in different plant structures.

Season variation in nutrient composition of Alaskan walleye pollock

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1408-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D Kitts ◽  
Minh Dieu Huynh ◽  
Chun Hu ◽  
Andrew W Trites
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Walleye Pollock ◽  
Steller Sea Lions ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Sea Lions

A popular hypothesis for the noted steady decline in the population of Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776), in the regions from Prince William Sound through the Aleutian Islands relates to their nutritional status. Sea lion diets appear to have shifted from primarily small schooling fatty fishes to low-fat fish such as walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814). We examined the seasonal changes in proximate nutrients of pollock collected in the Bering Sea. Mean energy density (dry mass) of pollock peaked in October then declined and remained low throughout winter. Energy recovery occurred in the summer months with strong recovery observed in female fish caught in July. Contrary to whole fish carcass energy contents, both total protein and moisture contents were at their highest levels in winter (January) when total crude lipid content was at its lowest (p < 0.05). This trend gradually declined to its lowest levels in the fall when lipid content was high. The decline in total lipids during winter seasons appeared to parallel gonad development during the prespawning period. Sex differences in energy densities were not found. Proximate analysis data for moisture, protein, ash, and lipid content also did not show any significant variation between males and females. Protein digestibility of pollock was higher (p < 0.05) in the summer than in the spring, but not different for winter or fall. We concluded that the nutrient content of walleye pollock may have some impact on the Steller sea lions that feed on them, particularly the energetic value that appears to be low during important feeding periods for this marine mammal.

scholarly journals Crescimento e desenvolvimento de Hemerocallis fulva submetidos a doses de nitrogênio e fósforo

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Francimar Perez Matheus da Silva ◽  
Graziane Maria Giacon ◽  
Jackeline Schultz Soares ◽  
Yara Brito Chaim Jardim Rosa ◽  
Derek Brito Chaim Jardim Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
P Content ◽  
Plant Root System

The objective was to evaluate the effect of different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and development of Hemerocallis fulva variety Flore Full, herbaceous perennial widely used in landscaping. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 25 treatments, arranged in a factorial 5 x 5 (0; 75; 150; 225 and 300 kg ha-1 N and 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha-1 P), with 4 replicates. The phosphorus fertilization was carried out 15 days after planting (DAP) and nitrogen was applied in coverage divided in three equal applications at 15, 120 and 240 DAP. There were evaluated the plant height, number of tillers per plant, soil coverage area, the fresh mass of plant, root system and shoot; and the dry mass of plant, root system and aerial part, and calculated the ratio of root dry mass and plant dry mass. It was also obtained the nutrient content of the leaf tissue and root system. The highest tillering was gained with the use of 150 kg ha-1 N combined with 400 kg ha-1 of P. Intermediate doses of N (75-170 kg ha-1 of N) showed higher production of plant fresh and dry mass and root dry mass. Doses of N and P influenced the N and P content in plant tissues of roots and leaves of Hemerocallis. Plants fertilized with 300 kg ha-1 of N and 273 kg ha -1 of P lead to the highest levels of N in the leaves and doses of 80 kg ha-1 of N and 68 kg ha-1 P, the highest content of P in the leaves of H. fulva. Already, in the roots, the highest N content was obtained with application of 300 kg ha-1 N in the presence of P and doses of 225 kg N ha-1 combined with 300 ha-1 P provided the highest P content in the roots.

scholarly journals (212) Influence of Mineral Nutrient Source in NFT System and Temperature on the Yield of Cos Lettuce `Cimmaron'

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083D-1084
Author(s):  
Jonathan N. Egilla ◽  
Isabelle Nyirakabibi
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
July Temperature

Two-week-old seedlings of cos lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) `Cimmaron' were transferred into NFT hydroponic troughs in July and Sept. 2005. The crop was grown either in a polyethylene or polycarbonate greenhouse. Mean July temperature and maximum relative humidity (RH) in the two greenhouses were 30.5 and 27.7 °C ± 0.32 °C; 81.3% and 84.7%, respectively. In September, the mean temperature and RH in the same greenhouses were 22.6 °C and 21.9 °C ± 0.30 °C; 95.6% and 99.2%, respectively. Lettuce crop grown with Peters Excel® [15N–5P2O5–15K2O; (Excel)], had higher fresh mass (FM) and dry mass (DM) compared with either Peat-lite®; [15N-16P2O5-17K2O; (Peat-lite)] or All-Purpose Hydroponic Fertilizer® [9N-4P2O5-15 K2O; (All-Purpose)], but lower DM/FM. At harvest, the crop had good market quality, regardless of mineral nutrient source (MNS). MNS significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced yield (FM and DM) in September, regardless of greenhouse type. However, in July only Peat-lite caused significant (P < 0.0252) increase in DM, under the higher temperature condition of greenhouse I. This trend suggests that good quality lettuce and sustained yield can be obtained with the soluble fertilizers Excel and Peat-lite, which are not formulated for hydroponic crop production. Furthermore, `Cimmaron' can produce satisfactory yield under relatively high temperature conditions. However, taste panel evaluation and nutrient content analysis of lettuce produced with these various fertilizers are necessary to determine consumer satisfaction.

scholarly journals (301) Bioavailability of Dairy Manure Compost Nutrients to Urban Landscape Plants

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023D-1023
Author(s):  
John Sloan ◽  
Cynthia McKenney ◽  
James McAfee ◽  
Wayne Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Landscape Plants

Dairy manure compost (DMC) may be an effective soil amendment when establishing new urban landscapes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of DMC nutrients to typical urban landscape plants. In March 2003, DMC rates of 0, 9, 18, and 27 kg/m2 (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 cm) were incorporated into the top 10 to 15 cm of Austin silty clay soil. Half of each 6 x 6-m plot was established with bermudagrass sod and the other half with six types of ornamental plants consisting of annual, perennial, and woody species. During the third 2005 growing season, plant tissue was harvested from selected landscape plants to measure biomass production and nutrient uptake. Plant growth and nutrient contents were compared to plant available soil nutrients that were measured during fall 2004 and 2005. Plant available P in the upper 7.5 cm of soil ranged from 89 to 170 mg/kg in September 2004 and from 31.3 to 105.5 mg/kg in August 2004. Potassium and trace elements (Fe, Cu, and Zn) were also increased in the upper 7.5 cm by DMC applications. Increased concentrations of plant available soil nutrients in DMC-amended plots were correlated to overall increases in plant growth and nutrient uptake. Bermuda grass exhibited increased growth and increased tissue concentrations of N, P, K, and Zn. Penta biomass and nutrient uptake were also increased by DMC applications. Lantana stem weights significantly increased with DMC application rate up to 18 kg/m2, but no additional increases were obtained with the 27 kg/m2 rate. Results of this study show that, after three growing seasons with no additional fertilization, a 1- to 2-cm application of dairy manure compost is sufficient to provide continued fertility to landscape plants.

scholarly journals Waste management of pseudostem to increase the growth of banana seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Domingues Lima ◽  
Natália de Souza Bravo ◽  
Danilo Eduardo Rozane ◽  
Edson Suigueaki Nomura ◽  
Silvia Helena Modenese Gorla da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
State University ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Water Nutrients

Pseudostem is an abundant residue after harvesting of the banana bunch, serving as a source of water, nutrients and organic substances.  The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of pseudostem waste on ‘Nanica’ banana (Musa spp. AAA) cultivar in greenhouse under contrasting environmental conditions.  For this, an experiment was carried out in in the São Paulo State University -UNESP in a randomized block design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (presence or absence of waste and two seasons), consisting of four replicates of three experimental plots with two pots per plant.  One season was early November/2018 (Summer) and the other half of May/2019 (Winter).  A 40 cm portion of the pseudostem collected from of a freshly harvested plant was sectioned into 10 cm portions and placed under the substrate of the seedling-containing pot at both times.  Periodically, height, pseudostem diameter and leaf emission were evaluated.  After the release of leachate by the residue, plants were taken to the laboratory, and the area of leaves and roots, their respective masses, and the leaf nutrient content were determined.  The nutritional composition of the residue was evaluated before being applied for both seasons.  In summer, accumulated dry matter in the different organs, leaf area and root area was higher in the presence of the residue, while in winter, only root dry mass was higher (P < 0.01).  The application of residue had a consistent effect on root growth, which can be exploited in the field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document