scholarly journals Socio-Economic Analysis of Wood Charcoal Production as a Significant Output of Forest Bioeconomy in Africa

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Isaac Nyarko ◽  
Chukwudi Nwaogu ◽  
Hájek Miroslav ◽  
Prince Opoku Peseu
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Wood Charcoal ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
The Impact

Wood charcoal (WCH) is a sustainable biofuel for rural and urban users because of its higher energy density and emission of marginal smoke when compared with firewood. Besides helping the poor majority who cannot afford kerosene, electricity or liquid petroleum gas (LPG), WCH is a key source of income and livelihood. This work aimed at quantifying the volume of WCH production as well as appraising its socio-economics, including environmental impacts, especially the impact of long-term deforestation and forest degradation in Africa. Historically robust data from the databases of UN-FAO, FAOSTAT, International Energy Agency (IEA), United Nations Statistics Division, UN-DESA energy statistics yearbook, and the Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) were used. The data analysis involved descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis, and geospatial techniques. The result revealed that East Africa had the highest average wood charcoal production which was 32,058,244 tonnes representing 43.2% of the production whereas West Africa had 23,831,683 tonnes denoting 32.1%. Others were North Africa (8,650,207 tonnes), Middle Africa (8,520,329 tonnes), and South Africa (1,225,062 tonnes) representing 11.6%, 11.5% and 1.6% respectively. The correlation matrix showed that WCH production for the three decades had a significant positive correlation with all the measured parameters (such as areas of forest cover, export quantity, export value, GDP, human population, climate season, average income per citizen, and literacy rate). Wood charcoal is an essential livelihood support system. New policies including commercial wood charcoal production and licensing for revenue and ecological sustainability are required. Enterprise-based approaches for poverty reduction, smallholders’ tree-growing, wood charcoal-energy conserving technologies, improved electricity supply and agricultural productivity are encouraged. The novelty of this study can also be explained by the diverse parameters examined in relation to WCH production which no other studies in the region have done.

scholarly journals Value Chain of Charcoal Production and Implications for Forest Degradation: Case Study of Bié Province, Angola

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasco Chiteculo ◽  
Bohdan Lojka ◽  
Peter Surový ◽  
Vladimir Verner ◽  
Dimitrios Panagiotidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Urban Consumption

Forest degradation and forest loss threaten the survival of many species and reduce the ability of forests to provide vital services. Clearing for agriculture in Angola is an important driver of forest degradation and deforestation. Charcoal production for urban consumption as a driver of forest degradation has had alarming impacts on natural forests, as well as on the social and economic livelihood of the rural population. The charcoal impact on forest cover change is in the same order of magnitude as deforestation caused by agricultural expansion. However, there is a need to monitor the linkage between charcoal production and forest degradation. The aim of this paper is to investigate the sequence of the charcoal value chain as a systematic key to identify policies to reduce forest degradation in the province of Bié. It is a detailed study of the charcoal value chain that does not stop on the production and the consumption side. The primary data of this study came from 330 respondents obtained through different methods (semi-structured questionnaire survey and market observation conducted in June to September 2013–2014). A logistic regression (logit) model in IBM SPSS Statistics 24 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) was used to analyze the factors influencing the decision of the households to use charcoal for domestic purposes. The finding indicates that 21 to 27 thousand hectares were degraded due to charcoal production. By describing the chain of charcoal, it was possible to access the driving factors for charcoal production and to obtain the first-time overview flow of charcoal from producers to consumers in Bié province. The demand for charcoal in this province is more likely to remain strong if government policies do not aim to employ alternative sources of domestic energy.

Repositioning gas in the power generation mix

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Martin Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Since the turn of the century, gas has been highlighted as the transition fuel to a lower emissions world, and, in 2011, the International Energy Agency published a special report entitled ‘Are we entering the golden age of gas’, which indicated that gas use could rise by over 50% to provide more than 25% of world energy demand by 2035. Even though gas use has risen in tandem with the increase in renewable energy, over the past decade, coal has been the fastest growing fuel because developing countries choose cheap power to provide their growing energy needs. Gas has been, and continues to be, subject to a green, cheap squeeze; squeezed by cleaner renewables on the one hand, and cheaper coal on the other. This paper will look at the impact that increasing amounts of renewable energy has on existing power generation and supply systems, and provide insights into the potential range of outcomes in emission levels, and the need to not only discuss renewable energy target, but to also understand the total energy mix, and the need to reposition gas from a transition fuel to the natural long-term companion of renewables.

THE CHALLENGES FOR THE BIOFUELS SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EU CLIMATE AND ENERGY POLICY

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Gradziuk ◽  
Błażej Jendrzejewski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Climate And Energy Policy ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this study was to assessment of the impact of EU climate and energy policy changes on the biofuels sector. The research was carried out on the basis of the reports of the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Energy Regulatory Office, the Central Statistical Office of Poland, the EU Commission, the International Renewable Energy Agency and the International Energy Agency. Tabular and descriptive methods were used. Analyzes covered the years 2007-2015 with perspective until 2030. The analyzes show that realization of assumed obligations in relation to the minimum share of renewable energy used by transportation according to the directive 2009/28/WE of 23 February 2017 may be difficult to be achieve within the proposed deadlines. Currently existing advanced biofuel installations are mainly small prototype devices. Commercialization of those installations would pose a number of threats which could make impossible to reach the assumed production capacity.

scholarly journals Comparison of global 3-D aviation emissions datasets

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 16885-16922 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Olsen ◽  
D. J. Wuebbles ◽  
B. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Aviation Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Aviation emissions are unique from other transportation emissions, e.g., from road transportation and shipping, in that they occur at higher altitudes as well as at the surface. Aviation emissions of carbon dioxide, soot, and water vapor have direct radiative impacts on the Earth's climate system while emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HC) impact air quality and climate through their effects on ozone, methane, and clouds. The most accurate estimates of the impact of aviation on air quality and climate utilize three-dimensional chemistry-climate models and gridded four dimensional (space and time) aviation emissions datasets. We compare five available aviation emissions datasets currently and historically used to evaluate the impact of aviation on climate and air quality: NASA-Boeing 1992, NASA-Boeing 1999, QUANTIFY 2000, Aero2k 2002, and AEDT 2006 and aviation fuel usage estimates from the International Energy Agency. Roughly 90% of all aviation emissions are in the Northern Hemisphere and nearly 60% of all fuelburn and NOx emissions occur at cruise altitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. While these datasets were created by independent methods and are thus not strictly suitable for analyzing trends they suggest that commercial aviation fuelburn and NOx emissions increased over the last two decades while HC emissions likely decreased and CO emissions did not change significantly. The bottom-up estimates compared here are consistently lower than International Energy Agency fuelburn statistics although the gap is significantly lower in the more recent datasets. Overall the emissions distributions are quite similar for fuelburn and NOx while for CO and HC there are relatively larger differences. There are however some distinct differences in the altitude distribution of emissions in certain regions for the Aero2k dataset.

scholarly journals Household final energy footprints in Nepal, Vietnam and Zambia: composition, inequality and links to well-being

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Baltruszewicz ◽  
Julia Steinberger ◽  
Diana Ivanova ◽  
Lina Brand-Correa ◽  
Jouni Paavola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Climate Action

<p>The link between energy use, social and environmental well-being is at the root of critical synergies between clean and affordable energy (SDG7) and other SDGs. Household-level quantitative energy analyses enable better understanding regarding interconnections between the level and composition of energy use, and SDG achievement. This study examines the household-level energy footprints in Nepal, Vietnam, and Zambia. We calculate the footprints using multi-regional input-output (MRIO) with energy extensions based on International Energy Agency (IEA) data. We propose an original perspective on the links between household final energy use and well-being, measured through access to safe water, health, education, sustenance, and modern fuels. In all three countries, households with high well-being show much lower housing energy use, due to a transition from inefficient<br>biomass-based traditional fuels to efficient modern fuels, such as gas and electricity. We find that households achieving wellbeing have 60-80% lower energy footprint of residential fuel use compared to average across the countries. We observe that collective provisioning systems in form of access to health centres, public transport, markets, and garbage disposal and characteristics linked to having solid shelter, access to sanitation, and minimum floor area are more important for the attainment of wellbeing than changes in income or total energy consumption. This is an important finding,  contradicting the narrative that basic wellbeing outcomes require increased income and individual consumption of energy. Substantial synergies exist between the achievement of well-being at a low level of energy use and other SDGs linked to poverty reduction (encompassed in SDG1), health (SDG3), sanitation (SDG6), gender equality (SDG5), climate action and reduced deforestation (SDG 13 and SDG15) and inequalities (SDG10). </p>

Global gas market oversupply will persist in 2016

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Outlook ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
The Impact

Subject Gas market outlook. Significance The price of spot liquefied natural gas (LNG) fell at end-February to the lowest level since July 2009. Long-term forecasts for global gas demand have been downgraded by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and by oil and gas companies, such as BP and ExxonMobil. US demand is rising, while production growth appears to have flattened. However, the impact on prices will be limited in 2016. Impacts Gas companies' revenues will be pressured, with pipeline suppliers in Europe discounting prices to compete with LNG imports. With uncertain prospects for gas in power generation, companies will focus on new opportunities in transport. Gas industry groups will seek carbon regulations that support gas rather than penalise fossil fuels to the advantage of renewables.

scholarly journals The impact of charcoal production on forest degradation: a case study in Tete, Mozambique

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 094020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Sedano ◽  
J A Silva ◽  
R Machoco ◽  
C H Meque ◽  
A Sitoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON NATURAL GAS MARKETS IN 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(73) (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Florinel Dinu ◽  
Artemis Aidoni ◽  
George Iulian Oprea
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Natural Gas Markets ◽  
Warm Start ◽  
Gas Markets ◽  
The Impact

"A warm start to the year 2020 coupled with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on the Oil and Gas sector across the globe. A great economic shock was felt throughout this period and continued until the end of the year and even during the next year, but the extent of the damage is still uncertain, as is the speed and scale of recovery. Owing to the global lockdowns that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic, gas consumption and production plummeted and the prices reached a new record low. As the pandemic started to spread in Europe the gas production went below the 2015-2019 range reflecting the decreasing trend of gas production in EU. In the same period 5 years ago the gas production was 36.6 bcm, more than twice as in Q1 2020, illustrating the rapid decrease in gas production in the block of 27 and the increase in import dependenc in natural gas. This study highlights the effects of COVID-19 on the gas markets based on publications of National Regulatory Authorities, Transmission System Operators, International Energy Agency, one of the world’s most trusted providers of data of global commodities markets and European Energy Exchange. Under the optimistic infection scenario, gas demand will recover close to the non-pandemic level by 2021. Unfortunately, the oversupply situation is improbable to be overcome promptly and in a more pessimistic way there is no visibility for a better business environment before 2023. "

scholarly journals The Impact of Micro-finance on Self-employment and Poverty Reduction: A case of Sindh Rural Support Organization and Tameer Micro Finance Bank, Sindh

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (32) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Israr Ahmed ◽  
Imamuddin Khoso
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Support Organization ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Impact

Micro finance is well-organized and successful instrument to decrease poverty. Although microfinance Sector in Pakistan has recognize important development and attain little cost formations. The major reason of study is to forecast that how Micro finance decreases poverty or not and method of self-employment in rural and urban of Sindh successful or not. A most important mean of this research article was to calculate that what type of Impact of microfinance on reduction of poverty and Self-employment with Supply lending and Demand following hypotheses theory. Researcher used Stratified random sampling technique 500 clients of each organization (TMB and SRSO) was selected for testing PLS with Smartpls 3. After assessment of responses with the help PLS of measurement and structural model result shows positive impact of independent variable (IV) on Dependent variables (DVs).

The Role of Passive Solar Design on Peak and Annual Heating and Cooling Loads in Office Buildings in Mexico

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani´bal Figueroa ◽  
Victor Fuentes ◽  
Gloria Castorena
Keyword(s):  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
System Size ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Impact

According to the International Energy Agency in 2006 nearly 36% of the total world energy was consumed by buildings and urbanization. This paper dimensions the effect of passive design corrections on the envelope of a new corporate office building in the temperate climate of Mexico City’s central area. It confirms that these are the most cost effective measures to reduce HVAC peak load, minimize system size and improve performance. It used thermal analysis to evaluate the impact of three corrective strategies: low E double glassing, adjusting shading coefficient (SC) and insulation of walls and ceiling. Results show that if low E double glassed windows are installed, heating requirements are cut by half, while peak cooling load is reduced one fifth. A 50% Shading Coefficient (SC) has also a significant effect, reducing peak cooling load in May an additional 26%.

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