scholarly journals Heteroblastic Foliage Affects the Accumulation of Non-Structural Carbohydrates and Biomass in Pinus massoniana (Lamb.) Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1686
Author(s):  
Haoyun Wang ◽  
Feng Wu ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Daqu Liang ◽  
Guijie Ding
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Physiological Factor ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pinus Massoniana Lamb

Pines have heteroblastic foliage (primary and secondary needles) during seedling stage, but how heteroblastic foliage affects carbon storage and biomass accumulation, contributing to seedling quality, is unclear. We investigated the influences of heteroblastic foliage on photosynthetic physiological characteristics, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and biomass accumulation in current-year seedlings; the key factors determining biomass accumulation were mainly determined by principal component screening, Spearman correlation, and path analysis. The results indicated that (1) primary needles have high photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll), net photosynthetic rates (Pn), the potential maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and leaf instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi), whereas higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) suggested that sudden light increases induce the initiation of quenching mechanism in primary needles; additionally, secondary needles had a lower transpiration rate (Tr), limiting stomata (Ls), and light saturation point. (2) Secondary needles promoted soluble sugar (fructose and glucose) increases in leaves compared to that of primary needles and increased the leaf biomass accumulation (from 47.06% to 54.30%), enhancing the overall ability of photosynthetic organs; additionally, secondary needles can enhance the proportion of starch storage in the roots, and NSC accumulation was significantly increasing in the seedling leaves and roots. (3) Photosynthetic pigments (carotenoids, chlorophyll a, and total chlorophyll) had direct positive effects on primary needle seedling (PNS) biomass and promoted biomass by indirectly increasing soluble sugar synthesis in the stems. The Pn was the main physiological factor determining PNS biomass accumulation. In addition, the WUEi, Ls, and NPQ had direct negative effects on PNS biomass accumulation, inhibiting photosynthesis to limit seedling growth. Considering the functional traits in heteroblastic foliage is necessary when assessing different leaf types of Pinus massoniana (Lamb.) seedlings, in particular those threats implicated in light, water, and temperature relations. Our results can be beneficial to guide the establishment of seedling management and afforestation measures.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Drought and Shading on Growth and Non-Structural Carbohydrates in Pinus massoniana Lamb. Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Xiuxiu Deng ◽  
Wenfa Xiao ◽  
Zheng Shi ◽  
Lixiong Zeng ◽  
Lei Lei
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Pinus Massoniana Lamb ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
The Impact

Carbon assimilation is reduced by stress. Under such conditions, the trade-off between growth and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) storage becomes crucial for plant survival and continued growth. However, growth and NSC responses to drought and shading in Pinus massoniana Lamb. remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of drought, shading, and combined drought and shading on leaf gas exchange parameters, stem basal diameter, plant height, biomass accumulation, and NSC concentration in 2-year old seedlings after a 2 month treatment. The results showed that (1) both drought and shading significantly reduced photosynthetic rate, increment of stem basal diameter and plant height, and biomass accumulation, while NSC concentration increased under drought but decreased under shading; (2) the combined drought-shading treatment had a stronger effect on photosynthetic rate and growth than either stress factor individually, whereas the concentration of NSC did not change significantly; and (3) drought, shading, and their combination had a lower effect on biomass than on NSC partitioning, in which case clear effects were observed. Drought increased NSC proportion in roots by 5.4%; conversely, shading increased NSC proportion in leaves by 3.7%, while the combined treatment increased NSC proportion in roots by 5.1% but decreased it in the leaves by 5.4%. These results suggest that the mechanism inhibiting P. massoniana growth is different under drought and shading conditions according to carbon partitioning. Furthermore, complex environmental stress may lead to different mechanisms of carbon partitioning compared with either dry or shaded environments. Our findings will be helpful in predicting the impact of climate change on P. massoniana growth.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Dynamics of Pinus massoniana Lamb. Seedlings under Extreme Drought Stress and during Recovery

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Changchang Shao ◽  
Honglang Duan ◽  
Guijie Ding ◽  
Xianying Luo ◽  
Yuanhong Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Pinus Massoniana Lamb ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

In recent years, global forests have been facing an increase in tree mortality owing to increasing droughts. However, the capacity for plants to adjust their physiology and biochemistry during extreme drought and subsequent recovery is still unclear. Here, we used 1.5-year-old Pinus massoniana Lamb. seedlings and simulated drought conditions to achieve three target stress levels (50%, 85%, and 100% loss of stem hydraulic conductivity (PLC)), followed by rehydration. Needle water status, gas exchange, and biochemical parameters were assessed during drought and recovery. The results showed that drought had significantly negative impacts on needle water status and gas exchange parameters, with gas exchange declining to 0 after PLC85 was achieved. Soluble protein concentration (SPC), soluble sugar concentration (SSC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and needle water-use efficiency showed fluctuations. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the values of osmotic regulators were then gradually decreased as the physiological and biochemical functions of seedlings were disturbed. Seedlings showed a stronger ability to recover from PLC50 than PLC85 and PLC100. We conclude that the physiological and biochemical recovery of P. massoniana seedlings is more likely to be inhibited when plants experience increasing drought stress that induces 85% and greater loss of hydraulic conductance.

Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur on the Growth and Qualities of Bunching Onion

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Cheng Liu ◽  
Jun Ling Li ◽  
Shi Wei Song ◽  
Guang Wen Sun ◽  
Ri Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Bunching Onion ◽  
Better Than

Effects of nitrogen and sulphur [N3.75S0.35 (N 3.75 mmol/L, S 0.35mmol/L), N3.75S4.2(N 3.75 mmol/L, S 4.2mmol/L), N7.5S1.4(N 7.5 mmol/L, S 1.4mmol/L), N22.5S0.35(N 22.5 mmol/L, S 0.35mmol/L)] on the growth and quality of in bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L. var. caespeitosum Makino) were studied in hydroponics, in which the solution was Hoagland's. The results showed that the growth of bunching onion in N7.5S1.4 treatment was better than in other treatments. With nitrogen increasing, the growth of bunching onion enhanced at the same sulphur level, and the growth of bunching onion enhanced by sulphur increase at the same nitrogen level. Concentrations of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid in N7.5S1.4 treatment were highest. With nitrogen and sulphur increasing, concentration of soluble protein and nitrate in bunching onion increased. While concentration of soluble sugar decreased with nitrogen increased.

scholarly journals Gas exchanges and photosynthetic pigments of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango as a function of fenpropimorph

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-247
Author(s):  
Daniel de A. Carreiro ◽  
Renata A. e Amariz ◽  
Luciana G. Sanches ◽  
Jackson T. Lobo ◽  
Vespasiano B. de Paiva Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Internal Co2 ◽  
Semi Arid Region

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the application of fenpropimorph and paclobutrazol on gas exchanges and photosynthetic pigments of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango grown in the semi-arid region in different evaluation periods. Two experiments were carried out in ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango orchards in the first production cycle between September and December 2018 (first experiment) and between September and December 2019 (second experiment) in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks in split plots in time, 4 × 4 + 1, with four replicates. The plots corresponded to the concentrations of fenpropimorph: 0, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 g per linear meter of plant canopy diameter plus the additional paclobutrazol treatment (1 g per linear meter of plant canopy diameter), and the subplots corresponded to the evaluation dates (0, 30, 60, and 90 days after the first application of treatments). The following traits were evaluated: CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration, water use efficiency, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids. The fenpropimorph dose of 1.3 g per linear meter of plant canopy promotes a higher rate of CO2 assimilation; however, paclobutrazol was more effective in the accumulation of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, and the use of fenpropimorph did not interfere in the concentration of photosynthetic pigments.

scholarly journals Leaf growth traits and photosynthetic pigments of maize as influenced by water deficit stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-375
Author(s):  
Folake B. ANJORIN
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Maize Varieties

Glasshouse study was carried out to evaluate the impacts of water deficit stress (WDS) on leaf growth and photosynthetic pigments of four maize varieties at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan. Seeds from ‘TZPBSR-W’, ‘ILE1OB’, ‘ART98SW6OB’ and ‘DTESYNSTR’ maize varieties were sown in sixty-four pots in a 4 x 4 factorial CR Design(r=4). The WDS treatments include 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% field capacities (FC). Data were taken weekly on specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf area (LA), leaf weight (LWT) and crop growth rate. At four weeks of WDS, extracts were obtained from 0.2 g cut leaf sample using 96% (v/v) ethanol. Light absorbance of the ethanolic leaf extract (cholorophyll-a (665 nm), chlorophyll-b (649 nm), total chlorophyll and the carotenoids (440 nm)) were read using spectrophotometer. From the results, WDS significantly reduced SLW, LWT, LA and CGR (p<0.001). The SLW ranged from 0.027±0.0 (g cm-2) (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 0.034±0.0 (g cm-2) (‘DTESYNSTR’), while the LA ranged from 269.7±25.4 (cm2) (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 220.9±20.9 (cm2) (‘ILE1OB’). Water deficit stress significantly reduced chlorophyll-b (p<0.01), chlorophyll-a and total chlorophyll (p<0.001) and the carotenoid (p<0.05). Chlorophyll-a ranged from 0.038±0.0 mg/g (‘DTESYNSTR’) to 0.050±0.0 mg/g (‘TZPBSR-W’), chlorophyll-b ranged from 0.021 mg/g (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 0.040 mg/g (‘TZPBSR-W’), total chlorophyll ranged from 0.063±0.0 mg/g (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 0.093±0.0 mg/g (‘TZPBSR-W’), while the carotenoid ranged from 0.084±0.08 mg/g (‘ART98SW6OB’) to 0.115±0.09 mg/g (‘TZPBSR-W’). The WDS and Variety interaction on photosynthetic pigments were significant (p<0.05). The Leaf growth traits, photosynthetic pigments and over all crop growth in maize are impaired when subjected to water deficit stress.

scholarly journals Effect of Exogenous Application of Several Plant Growth Regulators on Photosynthetic Pigments of Fennel Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem PARMOON ◽  
Ali EBADI ◽  
Soodabe JAHANBAKHSH ◽  
Masoud HASHEMI ◽  
Seyed Amir MOOSAVI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Dark Condition ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Maximum Quantum Efficiency

In order to investigate the effects of some plant growth regulators on photosynthetic pigments and growth of fennel plants, a greenhouse experiment was conducted based on the randomized complete block design with three replicates in 2017. Treatments were the application of methyl jasmonate (25, 50, 100 and 200 μM), putrescine (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) and 24-Epibrassinolide at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μM and distilled water as a control. The results indicated that application of 0.5 Mm putrescine, exhibited significant effects on the chlorophyll a (62%), b (104%), total chlorophyll (72%), carotenoids (51%), flavonoids (51%), anthocyanin content (-14%), phenolic compounds (13%) and maximum quantum efficiency (17%) in dark condition and in light condition. Application of 24-Epibrassinolide resulted in a significant increase of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, carotenoids, phenol content, maximum quantum efficiency in the dark condition and photochemical quenching of fluorescence. The highest chlorophyll content and carotenoids were observed in treated plants with 0.1 µM 24-Epibrassinolide, while the maximum phenol content was obtained by application of 0.01 µM 24-Epibrassinolide. The application of methyl jasmonate significantly affected the major chlorophyll and accessory pigments (except phenol) of fennel. Plants treated with 50 µM methyl jasmonate exhibited higher concentrations of chlorophyll a (3.25 mg per g FW-1), total chlorophyll (4.35 mg per g FW-1), carotenoids (0.87 mg per g FW-1) and flavonoids (4.75 µg per g FW-1). A significant dry weight increased after the application of methyl jasmonate and it can be concluded that the most effective treatment in this regard for fennel plants was 50 µM methyl jasmonate.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic pigments and biomass in noni irrigated with saline waters with and without leaching

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1035-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio G. L. Souto ◽  
Lourival F. Cavalcante ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Járisson C. Nunes ◽  
Francisco I. F. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Saline Waters ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

ABSTRACTThe response of plants to salt stress is an extremely complex phenomenon that involves morphological, physiological and biochemical changes, modifying the leaf contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids, among others and affecting plant growth, development and production. An experiment was carried out from July 2010 to June 2011, in order to evaluate the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, the chlorophyll a/b ratio and biomass accumulation of shoots and roots of noni plants, when subjected to irrigation and leaching with water of increasing salinity. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, at the Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba, in the municipality of Areia-PB, Brazil. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme with four replicates and two plants per plot, and corresponded to levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.5; 1.5; 3.0; 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1) in pots with and without leaching. The increase in irrigation water salinity impairs the leaf contents of chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and biomass production of noni plants, but to a lesser extent in all the treatments in which same irrigation water was used for leaching.

Photosynthetic Adaptation in Synechococcus Cells

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1075-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Döhler ◽  
Jean-Claude Leclerc
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
White Light ◽  
Anacystis Nidulans ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Quantum Requirement ◽  
Photosynthetic Adaptation

Abstract The cyanobacterium Synechococcus (Anacystis nidulans, strain L 1401-1) grown under different light conditions showed variations in pigmentation. Ratios of photosynthetic pigments and the effect on quantum requirement and oxygen evolution were studied. An increase in the ratio of chlorophyll a forms with absorption maxima in the far red regime to total chlorophyll a forms was observed in cells grown in strong white light. The quantum efficiency of orange light (637 nm) - absorbed by phycocyanin - was higher after growth of Synechococcus in white than

scholarly journals Effects of lead and cadmium ions on water balance parameters and content of photosynthetic pigments of prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Bosk ex Link.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
MAŁGORZATA MIKICIUK ◽  
MARTA ROKOSA ◽  
BARTOSZ SINICA
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Prairie Cordgrass ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the work was to assess the impact of a varied level of soil contamination with lead and cadmium ions on selected physiological parameters of prairie cordgrass. The content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) and water balance of plants on the basis of two indicators (RWC – relative water content in tissues and WSD – water saturation deficit) were determined. Pot-vegetative experiments were performed using a complete randomization method in a one-factor system. The factor in the first experiment was the level of soil contamination with lead (28.15, 56.30, 112.60 mg Pb · kg soil–1), in the second experiment – the level of soil contamination with cadmium (4.60, 10.00, 18.39 mg Cd · kg soil–1). The levels of soil contamination with lead did not influence the content of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll in prairie cordgrass leaves. In the case of carotenoids, an increase in their content was demonstrated after introducing lead into the soil at the dose of 28.15 mg Pb · kg soil–1 compared to the control. Soil contamination with cadmium did not affect the content of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and carotenoids in the leaves of prairie cordgrass. The highest level of soil contamination with lead contributed to the reduction of chlorophyll b. Lead at doses of 56.30 and 112.60 mg · kg soil-1 caused deterioration in the water balance parameters of the prairie cordgrass. In the case of soil contamination with cadmium, this relationship was demonstrated only for the dose of 10.00 mg Cd · kg soil–1.

Effects of Phosphorus Stress on Photosynthetic Pigments in Sagittaria sagittifolia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
Qing Qing He ◽  
Zhou Li Liu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Lin Hao ◽  
Jiao Jiao Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Phosphorus Stress ◽  
Sagittaria Sagittifolia ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

The photosynthetic pigments of Sagittaria sagittifolia, including total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content and carotenoid content, were investigated after 0, 7, 14 and 21 d exposure to 3 mg L-1 P. After 7 d P-exposure, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll b content increased significantly compared with the control, and then decreased with time extended. Carotenoid content increased significantly after 14 d P-exposure compared with the control, and then decreased slightly after 21 d P-exposure.

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