scholarly journals A 90-Day Subchronic Toxicity Study of Consumption of GH-Transgenic Triploid Carp in Wistar Rats

Fishes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Jingya Guo ◽  
Yongming Li ◽  
Yaping Wang ◽  
Boyong Chen ◽  
Yingxin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Conventional Animal

Genetic modification (GM) offers an alternative strategy to conventional animal breeding. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential health effects of the consumption of growth hormone-transgenic triploid carp (GH-ttc) through a 90-day subchronic rodent feeding study. Wistar rats (n = 10/sex/group) were given formulated diets containing GH-ttc or non-GM carp at an incorporated rate of 2.5%, 5%, or 10% (w/w) for 90 days. An additional control group of rats (n = 10/sex/group) was fed a basic rodent diet. During the 90-day study, clinical observation, ophthalmic examination, body weight, and food intake were evaluated. At the end of the study, rats were killed, and the hematology, serum chemistry, urine test, necropsy, and histopathology were assessed. Compared with the non-GM carp and the basic control groups, no biologically significant differences were observed on clinical signs of toxicity, body weights, food intake, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, organ weight, and histopathology on selected organs for the GH-ttc group. The results of this 90-day subchronic feeding study indicated that, at the dose level used in this study, consumption of GH-ttc showed no subchronic toxicity to Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Protective role of melatonin against adipose-hepatic metabolic comorbidities in experimentally induced obese rat model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260546
Author(s):  
Mary J. Obayemi ◽  
Christopher O. Akintayo ◽  
Adesola A. Oniyide ◽  
Ayodeji Aturamu ◽  
Olabimpe C. Badejogbin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background Adipose and hepatic metabolic dysfunctions are critical comorbidities that also aggravate insulin resistance in obese individuals. Melatonin is a low-cost agent and previous studies suggest that its use may promote metabolic health. However, its effects on some comorbidities associated with obesity are unknown. Herein, we investigated the hypothesis that melatonin supplementation would attenuate adipose-hepatic metabolic dysfunction in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in male Wistar rats. Materials and methods Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats (n = 6/group) were used: Control group received vehicle (normal saline), obese group received 40% high fat diet, melatonin-treated group received 4 mg/kg of melatonin, and obese plus melatonin group received 40% HFD and melatonin. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks. Results HFD caused increased food intake, body weight, insulin level, insulin resistance and plasma and liver lipid but decreased adipose lipid. In addition, HFD also increased plasma, adipose and liver malondialdehyde, IL-6, uric acid and decreased Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione, nitric oxide and circulating obestatin concentration. However, these deleterious effects except food intake were attenuated when supplemented with melatonin. Conclusion Taken together, the present results indicate that HFD exposure causes adipose-hepatic metabolic disturbance in obese animals, which are accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, the present results suggest that melatonin supplementation attenuates adipose-hepatic metabolic dysfunction, accompanying obesity by suppression of oxidative stress/inflammation-dependent mechanism and increasing circulating obestatin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of 90-day subchronic oral toxicity of aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea Roxb (Verbenaceae) leaves in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-622
Author(s):  
Razack Osseni ◽  
Azonbakin Simon ◽  
Diallo Aboudoulatif ◽  
Habib Ganfon ◽  
Adjagba Marius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weights

Purpose: To evaluate the 90 day sub-chronic toxicity of aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea leaves in Wistar rats. Methods: Rats were submitted to repeated daily oral administration of extract (250, 62.5 and 15.62 mg/kg) of Gmelina arborea leaves. The control groups were given distilled water and the rats were monitored for any toxicity symptoms as well as body and organs weights, water and food intake changes. The biochemical, haematological and histolopathological parameters were analysed. Results: The 90 days administration of the aqueous extract did not produce any toxicity signs or mortality. In addition, no significant alteration in water or food intake by the rats was observed. Although there were no changes in the body weights, significant decrease in the weight of the kidneys of the rats was observed at 250 mg/kg. Biological parameters as well as the histopathology of liver and kidneys were not significantly affected. Significant decreases were noted in glucose level at the three dose levels. In addition, significant difference in the levels of transaminases, glucose and platelets were observed. Conclusion: The 90-days subchronic toxicity test on Gmelina arborea did not produce any toxic effects. This confirms the safety of the plant leaves by traditional medicine practitioners. Keywords: Gmelina arborea, Subchronic toxicity, Wistars rats, Biological parameters

scholarly journals Subchronic Toxicity of Green Algae (Spyrogyra sp.) Ethanolic Extract on Hematologic Parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Nina Salamah ◽  
Wahyu Widyaningsih ◽  
Hari Susanti ◽  
Anggita Devi ◽  
Anita Wening Sejati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Hematology Parameters

<p>Green Algae, an organism with active substance such as phytomelatonin, has potential to be developed as Indonesian traditional medicine. As the long term addition of Green Algae ethanol extract (<em>Ekstrak etanol ganggang hijau</em>, EEGH) influences the hematology system, in this paper, the safety test was done to ensure the safety of its use through subchronic toxicity test of EEGH on the hematology parameters of Wistar rats. The test group consisted of three groups treated with EEGH 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, while the control group was given by 0.5% CMC-Na, with 8 rats each respectively. By using blood samples taken from orbital sinus on the 29<sup>th</sup> day, common hematologic parameters (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin level), the parameters of hemostasis (platelets, pT, aPTT, BT) and immune parameters (Differential Leukocytes Counts include neutrophils segment, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils) were finally observed and showed that the 28 days-addition of EEGH increase the hematological parameters of Wistar rats.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sub-acute and Sub Chronic Toxicity Profile of the Aqueous Leaf Crude Extract of Melanthera Scandens (Schumach & Thonn) in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Daniel Chans Mwandah ◽  
Ibrahim Ntulume ◽  
Adamu Almustapha Aliero ◽  
Kennedy Kiyimba ◽  
Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Aims: Although Melanthera scandens is a plant widely used in traditional medicine for the management of seizures, stomach ulcers and sores, dysmenorrhea, diabetes and malaria, there was scanty information about its safety. There was, therefore, a need to evaluate the sub-acute and subchronic toxicity studies of this plant which would reflect on its safety. Methodology: This was an experimental laboratory study. The research was conducted at Kampala International University-Western Campus at the Pharmacology laboratory from February to June 2017. The sub-acute toxicity was evaluated after administering daily oral doses of M. scandens crude extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) for 28 days and 90 days for subchronic study, after which the effect on haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were assessed in male and female Wistar rats (five of each sex). Results: Sub-acute toxicity results revealed that there was a significant decrease in the AST between the male Wistar rats that received 250 mg/kg (P= .005) and those that received 500 mg/kg (P= .05) as compared with the control group. Subchronic studies showed a significant increase in ALP (P= .05) at 1000 mg/kg compared with 500 mg/kg. Terminal necropsy did not reveal any treatment-related histopathological findings. There were also no toxicologically significant treatment-related effects on haematological parameters. The sub-acute toxicity results suggest that doses of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg are safe and could be hepatoprotective due to reduced levels of AST and ALP, while the subchronic toxicity study results suggest that doses greater than 1000 mg/kg could be toxic to the plasma membrane, liver cells or endoplasmic reticulum due to increased ALP levels at this dose. Conclusion: The M. scandens crude extract did not cause significant toxicity on haematological and histopathological indices, after sub-acute and subchronic administration in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Subchronic Toxicity Study of 1,3-Propanediol Administered Orally to Rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Gingell ◽  
Jeannie B. Kirkpatrick ◽  
David R. Steup
Keyword(s):  
Deionized Water ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Specialty Chemical

1,3-Propanediol was a specialty chemical that, due to a novel manufacturing process, is now commercially available in large quantities. Its subchronic toxicity has been evaluated in rats, with special emphasis on potential male reproductive effects. 1,3-Propanediol in deionized water was administered orally by gavage to three groups of 10 male and 10 female Crl:CD(SD)BR rats for a period of 90 consecutive days. Dosage levels were 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg/day, and a control group received water at a constant volume of 10 ml/kg/day. All animals survived to the scheduled necropsy, and there were no effects on the clinical condition of the animals, body weights, body weight gains, food consumption or organ weights. There were no effects on hematology or serum chemistry parameters. Spermatogenic endpoints were unaffected in all treated males. No treatment-related changes were observed on macroscopic or microscopic examinations of selected organs. Under the conditions of the study, the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) for systemic toxicity of 1,3-propanediol administered orally via gavage to male and female rats for 90 consecutive days was 1000 mg/kg/day, the highest dose tested.

The evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicities of An Phu Khang capsules in experimental animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (12) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Ha Thi Yen ◽  
Tran Thanh Tung ◽  
Dang Thi Thu Hien
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicities of An Phu Khang capsules through oral administration in experimental animals. The acute toxicity was determined by the method of Litchfield Wilcoxon in Swiss mice. The subchronic toxicity was evaluated by the recommendation of WHO in Wistar rats at these doses of 0.54 g/kg b.w/day (equal to recommended human dose) and 1.62 g/kg b.w/day (3 times as high as recommended human dose) in 4 consecutive weeks. As a result, An Phu Khang capsules at the highest dose used for mice (36.29 g/kg b.w) did not show acute toxicity in mice. In terms of the subchronic toxicity test, after oral administration of An Phu Khang capsules, hematological parameters, hepato-renal functions, and microscopic images of liver and kidney at both doses were unchanged compared with the control group. In conclusion, An Phu Khang with both doses 0.54 g/kg b.w/day and 1.62 g/kg b.w/day did not produce acute and subchronic toxicities in Swiss mice and Wistar rats.

Cafeteria diet decreases sucrose preference and increases the sensitivity of risperidone in the caloric intake of Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Sena Gonçalves ◽  
Arthur Rocha-Gomes ◽  
Amanda Escobar Teixeira ◽  
Alexandre Alves da Silva ◽  
Mayara Rodrigues Lessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the increase in sensitivity of a single risperidone administration in relation to energy intake of Wistar rats treated with cafeteria diet from birth to adulthood (119 days). Design/methodology/approach During the lactation period, six litters of Wistar rats (dam + 8 pups each litter) were fed one of the following two diets: Control (n = 3) or Cafeteria (n = 3) diets and water ad libitum. After weaning, the males were placed in individual cages, receiving the same diet offered to their respective dams (Control = 18; or Cafeteria = 18) until adulthood (119 postnatal days). The following parameters were evaluated: food and energy intake; macronutrient intake; weight gain; adipose tissue relative weight; sucrose preference; food intake after an administration of risperidone (0.1 mg/kg body weight). Findings The Cafeteria group showed a higher energy intake in relation to the Control group (p < 0.001). The consumption of energy beyond the individual needs can be understood as a hyperphagic condition. Also, the Cafeteria group reported greater weight gain (p = 0.048) and accumulation of adipose tissue (p < 0.001) with respect to the Control group. These results indicate that the cafeteria diet generated obesity in animals. The Cafeteria group showed reduced sucrose preference (p = 0.031), which is associated with the development of anhedonia-like behavior. In the food intake test, risperidone showed a greater sensitivity in Cafeteria animals, promoting a decrease in their energy intake in relation to the Control group that received risperidone (p = 0.040). Originality/value The cafeteria diet promoted hyperphagia, anhedonia-like behavior and obesity in animals. Acute risperidone administration showed greater sensitivity in the Cafeteria group, with a decrease in energy intake. The reported effects may be related to a downregulation of the dopaminergic system in the NAc region.

scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Dermal Toxicity Potential against Penoxsulam Herbicide in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Vidushi Chaurasia ◽  
Madan Lal Aggarwal ◽  
Manoj Chandra Garg
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Toxic Reaction ◽  
Multiple Doses

Aims: The present experiment was conducted (comparative study) to determine the effect of single and repeated exposure of Penoxsulam herbicide by topical route. Study Design: To assess acute toxicity, rats were topically exposed by Penoxsulam at 2000 mg/kg body weight and all the animals were observed for 14 days experiment period while, in Subacute toxicity , the rats were topically exposed with Penoxsulam at three multiple dose levels; 200, 500, 1000 mg/kg body. weight once daily for 28 days. Place and Duration of Study: Toxicology department, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi (INDIA), June 2018 and June 2019. Methodology: Acute study was carried out in 10 wistar rats and in subacute study the wistar rats were divided into 4 groups i.e., control group, low dose group, middle group, high dose group; 5 male and 5 female rats/ group at the age of 2-3 kg were exposed over a period of 28 days. After dose application the patch was removed and the test site were cleaned with cotton moistened with distilled water. Results: In both toxicity study found that there were no clinical signs of skin reactions (Draize method) and no significant P>0.05 changes were observed in Bodyweight, Biochemistry, and Histopathology among the treated as well as in control group of animals. Therefore, data of this study supports that topical exposure of Penoxsulam in rats were shown normal histology of liver, kidney, and skin at the multiple doses besides this; Penoxsulam does not have potential to produce acute and subacute adverse systemic toxic reaction to the animals. Conclusion: Therefore, data of this study supports that topical exposure of Penoxsulam in rats were shown normal histology of liver, kidney, and skin at the multiple doses besides this; Penoxsulam does not have potential to produce acute and subacute adverse systemic toxic reaction to the animals.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kurang Tidur terhadap Berat Badan pada Tikus Wistar Jantan

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deby Nelsya Eka Putri ◽  
Ellyza Nasrul ◽  
Machdawaty Masri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Platform ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
One Way Anova

AbstrakPengurangan durasi tidur menurunkan kadar leptin dan meningkatkan kadar ghrelin sehingga merangsang nafsu makan dan meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya obesitas pada manusia. Pada tikus akan menyebabkan peningkatan asupan makanan tetapi terjadi penurunan berat badan yang disebabkan karena aktivitas yang tinggi pada tikus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh kurang tidur 24 jam, 48 jam dan 72 jam terhadap berat badan pada tikus Wistar jantan. Jenis penelitian adalah true experimental research dengan rancangan randomized post control group terhadap 14 ekor tikus Wistar yang dibagi atas kelompok kontrol, kelompok perlakuan 24 jam, 48 jam dan 72 jam. Tikus dikondisikan mengalami paradoxycal sleep deprivation dengan metode modified multiple platform. Asupan makanan diberikan ad libitum dan berat badan diukur setelah pengurangan durasi tidur selama 24 jam, 48 jam, dan 72 jam.Analisis data menggunakan uji Saphiro-Wilk Test dan One-Way ANOVA. Rerata berat badan setelah pengurangan durasi tidur 24 jam adalah 193,6±17,9 gram; setelah 48 jam 179,6±17,3 gram; dan setelah 72 jam 176,7±15,9 gram dibandingkan dengan kontrol 219.6±11,3 gram. Pengurangan durasi tidur 48 jam dan 72 jam dibandingkan dengan kontrol bermakna (p<0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi penurunan berat badan pada pengurangan durasi tidur selama 48 jam dan 72 jam.Kata kunci: kurang tidur, berat badan, tikus wistarAbstractSleep deprivation lowers level of leptin and increases level of ghrelin which stimulates appetite and increases the likelihood of obesity in humans. In mice will increases food intake, but decreases the body weight due to high activity in mice. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of sleep deprivation 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours on body weight in male Wistar rats. This type of research was a true experimental design research with post randomized control group on 14 Wistar rats were divided into control group, treatment group 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. Rats conditioned paradoxycal sleep deprivation experienced by the modified multiple platform method. Given ad libitum food intake and body weight were measured after sleep deprivation for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. Analysis of the data using the Shapiro-Wilk Test and One-Way ANOVA. The mean of body weight after 24 hour sleep deprivation was 193.6±17.9 g, after 48 hours was 179.6±17.3 g, and after 72 hours was 176.7±15.9 g compared with control was 219.6±11.3 g. Sleep deprivation 48 hours and 72 hours compared with controls was significant (p<0.05). It can be concluded there was reduction of body weight on sleep deprivation for 48 hours and 72 hours.Keywords: sleep deprivation, weight, rats

scholarly journals The oxygen-induced retinopathy as an experimental model of retinopathy of prematurity

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Aleksandrovna Konikova ◽  
Vladimir Vsevolodovich Brzheskiy ◽  
Yelena Pavlovna Fedotova ◽  
Ruslan Abdulayevich Nasyrov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Oxygen Induced Retinopathy ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Experimental Group

The experimental model of retinopathy of prematurity was developed on the base of an oxygen-induced retinopathy in newborn. Wistar rats. This model was meant to investigate histopathological and functional manifestations of the disease. The study was performed on 60 newborn Wistar rats. The main experimental group included 34 animals with induced retinopathy of prematurity, the control group — 26 experimental animals. The predominating morphological manifestations of the oxygen-induced retinopathy were photoreceptor apoptosis, and the development of pathological intraretinal vascularization. Histological and electrophysiological changes were also detected even before the formation of clinical signs of retinopathy. There was a significant impairment of immature retina architectonic after induced hyperoxia.

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