scholarly journals Differences in Consumer Preferences for Lamb Meat before and during the Economic Crisis in Spain. Analysis and Perspectives

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Rabadán ◽  
Laura Martínez-Carrasco ◽  
Margarita Brugarolas ◽  
Casilda Navarro-Rodríguez de Vera ◽  
Estrella Sayas-Barberá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Lamb Meat

Determining the preferences of food consumers is key for adapting supply and demand. This adaptation of supply is dynamic rather than static, given that it develops over time and is influenced by both social and economic factors. This work presents an analysis of the development of lamb meat consumption at two points in time, 2004 and 2014, before and in the midst of the economic crisis in Spain (2007–2017). Our findings show that together with the external appearance and against the backdrop of an economic recession, price has a greater impact on consumers’ purchasing decisions than origin and quality seals, despite these being attributes that are traditionally used as a guarantee of food safety and traceability. This suggests that in times of economic crisis consumer preferences shift towards attributes that are less related to product quality. Nonetheless, the comparison of the consumer segments for each of the years under study revealed that age and level of education are the socioeconomic factors that most influence the preferences of lamb meat consumers.

scholarly journals Political and Economic Factors Influencing Strike Activity during the Recent Economic Crisis: A Study of the Spanish Case between 2002 and 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Strike Activity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Manpower Supply ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

PolThe Great Recession and the upsurge of widespread social movements in various crisis-ridden countries have given new impetus to the debate on the relationship between economic breakdown and the occurrence of collective action. I revisit the issue by examining strike activity in Spain between 2002 and 2013. For a better understanding of the continuities and changes, I contrast two sets of literature on industrial conflict. The first deals with economic factors influencing strikes or, in other words, with the question of whether and how fluctuations in manpower supply and demand account for continuities and changes in strike activity. The second advocates for a look beyond the economy, towards the political exchange that takes place between unions and state actors and which, depending on its positive or negative nature, leads to shifts of the distributional struggle away from the marketplace towards the public arena or vice versa. The findings reveal that, rather than exclusive, the two perspectives prove to be mutually conducive and are most significant when they are combined. The political exchange model is helpful for understanding the rather stable or even declining strike frequency prior to the economic crisis but also the three nationwide general strikes in 2010 and 2012, which represented a rupture in the social consensus. If the general strikes are left aside, the economic variables come into play: an increased strike frequency during the economic crisis is in fact accompanied by a shift towards smaller strikes related to a single workplace, and to so-called “defensive” strikes. This indicates that an actual decrease in workers’ bargaining power was overcompensated by a growing number of circumstances in which the recourse to strike action became a means of last resort.

The impact of economic crisis on mental and physical health in Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
S. Tomassi ◽  
M. Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Summary Background: The global crisis that began in 2007 has been the most prolonged economic recession since 1929. It has caused worldwide tangible costs in terms of cuts in employment and income, which have been widely recognised also as major social determinants of mental health (1, 2). The so-called “Great Recession” has disproportionately affected the most vulnerable part of society of the whole Eurozone (3). Across Europe, an increase in suicides and deaths rates due to mental and behavioural disorders was reported among those who lost their jobs, houses and economic activities as a consequence of the crisis.

Competition Policy under Economic Crisis

2009 ◽  
pp. 54-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shastitko ◽  
S. Avdasheva ◽  
S. Golovanova
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Price Rigidity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of competition policy under economic crisis is motivated by the fact that competition is a key factor for the level of productivity. The latter, in its turn, influences the scope and length of economic recession. In many Russian markets buyers' gains decline because of the weakness of competition, since suppliers are reluctant to cut prices in spite of the decreasing demand. Data on prices in Russia and abroad in the second half of 2008 show asymmetric price rigidity. At least two questions are important under economic crisis: the 'division of labor' between pro-active and protective tools of competition policy and the impact of anti-crisis policy on competition. Protective competition policy is insufficient in transition economy, especially in the days of crisis it should be supplemented with the well-designed industrial policy measures which do not contradict the goals of competition. The preferable tools of anti-crisis policy are also those that do not restrain competition.

scholarly journals Exploring optimal control of epidemic spread using reinforcement learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Quwsar Ohi ◽  
M. F. Mridha ◽  
Muhammad Mostafa Monowar ◽  
Md. Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Human

AbstractPandemic defines the global outbreak of a disease having a high transmission rate. The impact of a pandemic situation can be lessened by restricting the movement of the mass. However, one of its concomitant circumstances is an economic crisis. In this article, we demonstrate what actions an agent (trained using reinforcement learning) may take in different possible scenarios of a pandemic depending on the spread of disease and economic factors. To train the agent, we design a virtual pandemic scenario closely related to the present COVID-19 crisis. Then, we apply reinforcement learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, that deals with how an individual (human/machine) should interact on an environment (real/virtual) to achieve the cherished goal. Finally, we demonstrate what optimal actions the agent perform to reduce the spread of disease while considering the economic factors. In our experiment, we let the agent find an optimal solution without providing any prior knowledge. After training, we observed that the agent places a long length lockdown to reduce the first surge of a disease. Furthermore, the agent places a combination of cyclic lockdowns and short length lockdowns to halt the resurgence of the disease. Analyzing the agent’s performed actions, we discover that the agent decides movement restrictions not only based on the number of the infectious population but also considering the reproduction rate of the disease. The estimation and policy of the agent may improve the human-strategy of placing lockdown so that an economic crisis may be avoided while mitigating an infectious disease.

scholarly journals Risk or Resilience? The Role of Trade Integration and Foreign Ownership for the Survival of German Enterprises During the Crisis 2008–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Wagner ◽  
John P. Weche Gelübcke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Firm Survival ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Striking Result ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Factor Markets ◽  
Western Germany

SummaryThis is the first study of the link between internationalization and firm survival during the 2008/2009 crisis in Germany, a country which was hit relatively lightly compared to other countries. Moreover, it is the first study which looks at the role of importing, exporting and FDI simultaneously in the context of a global economic recession. We use a tailor-made representative dataset that covers all enterprises from the manufacturing sector with at least 20 employees. Our most striking result is to demonstrate the disadvantage of exporting for the chances of survival of a firm during the crisis in western Germany. Importing instead reveals a positive correlation with survival and firms that both export and import do not show a different exit risk relative to non-traders. A plausible explanation is that in a global recession, deteriorating markets abroad cause demand losses for exporters and improved conditions on factor markets which result in an advantage for firms sourcing from factor markets abroad. Two-way traders do not show a link with exit risk, supporting the idea that they were able to outweigh their losses from exporting with their gains from importing, in what could be called an export-import hedge. Furthermore, we cannot support the hypothesis that foreign multinationals are more volatile during times of economic crisis.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND LEVEL OF EFFICIENCY OF TRADE ACTIVITIES BY RETAIL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-144
Author(s):  
N. V. Koval ◽  
N. L. Korzhenivska ◽  
E. V. Dobrovolska
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Network Marketing ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Digital Material ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
Business Entities

Development of trading activities is carried out in accordance with the current Concept of development of internal trade of Ukraine. At a rapid pace, changes are occurring in consumer preferences, assortment conditions, and the expansion of the influence of the geographical and species capabilities of the presented goods. The analysis of internal changes in the volume of goods turnover of enterprises by product groups, business entities at the country level and its individual regions made it possible to argue and justify the importance of observing the totality of organization principles, the balance of supply and demand, purchasing power, economic feasibility and payback. The used methods of author generalizations, analytical and statistical calculations, comparisons made it possible to systematize the digital material of the study and substantiate conclusions regarding the state and dynamics of the development of trade activities in Ukraine, as well as the Khmelnitsky region, as one of its regions. The study focuses on network marketing, as one of the forms of development and improvement of trade and the determination of the necessary nomenclature and bottlenecks in the activities of trade entities, including markets. The prospects of the use of electronic commerce (purchase and sales) are substantiated, which significantly expands the possibilities for carrying out trading activities for both buyers and trade enterprises. It is proposed to take into account the influence of demographic security, as one of the factors that shape the country's product policy and its export potential. It is determined that the influence on the increase in turnover indicators has an extensive factor in the growth of prices for consumed goods, in a certain way introduces distortions in the perception of digital information. The use of innovative technologies, modern methods of managerial decision-making in the field of marketing, logistics allows us to improve the trading process, satisfy consumer demand and ensure the effectiveness of enterprises in the trading sphere.

scholarly journals Social Service (PKM) of Women’s Group of Family Welfare and Empowerment in Cultivating Broiler Rabbits and Processing them in RT. 04 RW. 03, Cipayung Village

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Hardian Mursito ◽  
Aulia Ar Rakhman Awaludin ◽  
Theresia Evy Yulianti Nedeak
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Economic Pressure ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
The Family ◽  
Service Activity

In general, the residents of RT 004 RW 03 have a level of education at the junior and senior high school levels. This is due to the economic factors and the absence of encouragement from parents for their children to continue their education to a higher level. Moreover, women who do not continue their education at school are unemployed or decide to become housewives, because they do not have the skills to live independently. Most of the mothers are only housewives who only take care of their children and husbands. This condition cannot improve the economic condition of the family that is not fixed and coupled with the high economic burden that requires each family to be able to think creatively in order to survive amid the economic pressure. The objectives of this community service activity included: Assisting women’s group of Family Welfare and Empowerment in the formation of business groups, assisting women’s group of Family Welfare and Empowerment on how to utilize and cultivate the broiler rabbits as a small entrepreneur. The implementation of this training activity was expected to help in fostering an entrepreneurial spirit in rabbit cultivation for underprivileged people through the formation of a small business group of women of Family Welfare and Empowerment and in the form of published scientific articles. Abstrak Warga masyarakat yang berada di RT 004 RW 03 pada umumnya adalah lulusan SMP dan SMU. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh faktor ekonomi dan tidak adanya dorongan dari orang tua agar anak-anak mereka melanjutkan pendidikan ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi. Terlebih anak perempuan yang tidak melanjutkan sekolah akhirnya menganggur atau hidup berumah tangga, karena mereka tidak mempunyai bekal keterampilan untuk bisa hidup mandiri. Sebagian besar ibu-ibu hanya sebagai ibu rumah tangga yang hanya mengurusi anak dan suaminya. Kondisi ini tidak dapat memperbaiki kondisi ekonomi keluarga, penghasilan yang tidak tetap dan ditambah beban ekonomi yang tinggi menuntut setiap keluarga untuk dapat berfikir kreatif agar dapat bertahan hidup ditengah himpitan ekonomi. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini antara lain: Membantu Ibu PKK dalam pembentukan kelompok usaha yang harus dibentuk, membantu Ibu PKK dalam cara pemanfaatan dan pengolahan kelinci pedaging sebagai wirusaha kecil. Diharapkan setelah kegiatan pelatihan ini dilaksanakan menumbuhkan semangat berwirausaha budidaya kelinci bagi masyarakat prasejahtera melalui pembentukan kelompok usaha kecil ibu PKK dan berupa luaran artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan.

scholarly journals The consequences of China's impending economic crisis on global economy

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Mavhungu Abel Mafukata
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan

The main objective of this paper is to predict the consequences of China's impending economic crisis on global economy – with reference to Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in particular. The specific objective of this paper is to investigate and explore the increasing dominance of economic practice of China in SSA. China is a critical principal player in the economy of SSA. China's influence and dominance of the SSA economy might have negative effect on SSA in case of any implosion of the Chinese economy. Data were collected from print and electronic sources extracted from the vast body of empirical scholarship of different disciplines on China in SSA.  The results of this paper revealed that China is indeed dominating the economy in SSA. Pointers are that China's economic implosion would have consequences for SSA in the same way as the 2008-2009 global economic recession had around the world. This  paper positively predicts that China's economic and financial implosion remains a possibility, and would impact on SSA.

scholarly journals Consumer preferences for meat products blended with plant-based 1 proteins in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Profeta ◽  
Marie Baune
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Consumption Behaviour ◽  
Meat Substitute ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Social Environmental

High levels of meat consumption are increasingly being criticised for ethical, environmental, andsocial reasons. Plant-based meat substitutes have been identified as healthy sources of proteinin comparison to meat. This alternative o?ers several social, environmental and health benefitsand may play a role in reducing meat consumption. However, there has been a lack of researchon how specific meat substitute attributes can influence consumers to replace or partially replacemeat in their diets.Research demonstrates that in many countries consumers are highly attached to meat.They considerit as an essential and integral element of their daily diet. For these consumers which arenot interested in vegan or vegetarian alternatives to meat, so-called meathybrids could be a lowthresholdoption for a more sustainable food consumption behaviour. In meathybrids only afraction of the meat product (e.g. 20% to 50%) is replaced with plant-based proteins.In this paper, the results of an online survey with 500 German consumers are presented with focuson preferences and attitudes relating to meathyrids. The results show that more than fifty percentof consumers substitute meat at least occasionally. Thus, about half of the respondents reveal aneligible consumption behaviour in respect to sustainability and healthiness to a certain degree.Concerning the determinants of choosing either meathybrid or meat it becomes evident that thehighest e?ect is exerted by the health perception. The healthier meathybrids are perceived, thehigher is the choice probability. Thus, this egoistic motive seems to outperform altruistic motiveslike animal welfare or environmental concerns when it comes to choice for this new productcategory

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