scholarly journals LC–MS/MS Analysis of Choline Compounds in Japanese-Cultivated Vegetables and Fruits

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhao Wang ◽  
Shohei Yamaguchi ◽  
Masahiro Koyama ◽  
Su Tian ◽  
Aya Ino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Cation Exchange Column ◽  
Positive Mode ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Concentrated Solution ◽  
Minor Compounds ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Choline is an essential nutrient and choline esters are potential functional food ingredients. We aimed to analyze the choline compound content in 19 cultivated fruits and vegetables and identify those with high acetylcholine content. We utilized liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to quantify choline compounds according to the standard addition method. Choline compounds were extracted from lyophilized fruit/vegetable powders and passed through a weakly acidic cation exchange column, resulting in a concentrated solution of choline compounds. The compounds were separated on a pentafluorophenyl column and then analyzed using positive mode electrospray ionization. Results showed that acetylcholine and choline were the primary choline compounds in all agricultural products; propionylcholine and butyrylcholine were minor compounds in 17 and 12 agricultural products, respectively. The acetylcholine concentration was 2900-fold higher in eggplants (6.12 mg/100 g fresh weight [FW]) than in other agricultural products (average: 2.11 × 10−3 mg/100 g FW). The concentration of acetylcholine differed only 2-fold between eggplant cultivars with the highest (′Higomurasaki′: 5.53 mg/100 g FW) and lowest (′Onaga nasu′: 2.79 mg/100 g FW) concentrations. The half-life of acetylcholine in eggplants was approximately 16 days, which is longer the shelf life of eggplants. Thus, eggplants can be a good source of acetylcholine.

scholarly journals Quality Deterioration of Postharvest Fruits and Vegetables in Developing Country Pakistan: A Mini Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khurshid Ahmad ◽  
Mahideen Afridi ◽  
Nasir Ali Khan ◽  
Azeem Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Post-harvest losses relate to the degradation in the quantity and quality of the crop’s products from harvesting to consumer usage. In many developing countries, like Pakistan, the post-harvest loss is a problem of food security and is of concern to everyone. Inappropriate handling of agricultural products after harvest may cause quality and quantity losses. It also accounts for the increasing prices of agricultural products in Pakistan. The total production of vegetables and fruits in Pakistan is nearly 13.764 million tons, and it is estimated that 35% to 40% of vegetables and fruits were wasted after harvesting. Severe losses and deterioration of vegetables and fruits occurred mainly during harvesting, along with distribution, transportation, and storage. The important reasons for post-harvest losses include mechanical damage, poor handling, microorganisms (bacteria, fungi), unawareness and lack of modern technologies, time management, insects, and mites. Reduction of post-harvest losses is the main goal of the agricultural sector. Training and educational initiatives could be one of the best strategies for minimizing post-harvest losses. The main objective of this review is, to explain the major production, quality deteriorations of vegetables and fruits, and the causes of post-harvest losses in Pakistan. It can be applied as a positive indication because all bodies involved will strive to implement efficient and effective approaches and policies to address the existing problems.

Pro-Health Education of Youth in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Abstract Nowadays, thanks to greater awareness of society and development of restorative medicine, more and more attention is paid to preventive care. That is caused by the fact that there is little progress for both sexes in the frequency of healthy behavior: girls fall much worse than boys in terms of frequency of physical activity, they do not eat breakfast either; boys do not maintain a healthy diet and are reluctant to eat vegetables and fruits, they often drink high-calorie sodas and less frequently brush teeth. Though with age some improvements in oral hygiene and certain eating behaviors can be noticed. It has been determined that overweight and obesity is a serious problem, as they can contribute to developmental disorders. In this respect it should be the responsibility of teachers to provide individual physical education (according to medical qualifications), prevent various forms of discrimination and bullying among peers, provide individual counseling and health education, weight control of students. It has been defined that for modern teachers it is a difficult task as students rarely eat fruits and vegetables, do not care about hygiene and frequency of meals, have passive mode of leisure. The acquisition of health during puberty allows functioning smoothly in society. However, despite the continuous work on improving and introduction of new programs of health education classes into schools of Poland, children still suffer from health-related problems. According to epidemiological research most of children in Poland fall on obesity, overweight and accompanying disorders and allergies. Youth is also exposed to accidents and related injuries. The problem is that students do not receive assistance and necessary information.

ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN KLASTER HORTIKULTURA DI KABUPATEN NGAWI

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Nurul Istiqomah ◽  
Nunung Sri Mulyani ◽  
Izza Mafruhah ◽  
Dewi Ismoyowati
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Base Points ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Indonesia as an agricultural country has the potential to compete in the agricultural market in the international market, in line with the existence of the ASEAN / ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) Free Market. Ngawi Regency is a fertile area and is one of the buffer zones of the agricultural sector in East Java. Horticulture commodities are one of the main sources in the agricultural sector, because they have high potential and can contribute to the economy of a region. Horticultural commodities in the form of fruits and vegetables are an important food source to meet the nutritional needs of the community. Agriculture with a focus on horticultural crops in Ngawi Regency was developed with a cluster system based on the level of progress, harvest area and by considering agro-climate to map the superior horticultural commodities. The purpose of this study was to map the conditions of horticultural agriculture and analyze problems in the cluster of horticulture plants in Ngawi Regency. The research method is a mixed method using descriptive analysis, Geographic Information System (GIS), and using the Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP). The conclusion of this study is that the potential development of horticultural clusters in Ngawi Regency requires structuring and developing the location of base commodities in accordance with the conditions of the agro-ecosystem. The development of existing commodities at these base points will make the commodity superior and support the creation of horticultural cluster centers and the development of existing agribusiness in an area. Development of horticulture base commodities for seasonal vegetables and fruits can be adjusted to the LQ results for each sub-district in Ngawi Regency. The results of the Indepth interview processed using AHP obtained results that in fact there were three main factors in the development of clusters, namely production consisting of four derivative factors namely research and development, superior seeds, fertilizers and anti-pest drugs and then marketing with derivative factors namely product standardization, packaging , traditional markets and modern markets. Then the third factor of the institution consists of training, networking, government support and assistance. 

Functional analysis of food components to prevent vascular-related diseases

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (7) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
Katsuko Kajiya
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Prevention Potential

A Japan-based team of researchers is looking into the disease prevention potential of certain foods, with a focus on the Sakurajima radish, and how it could have a beneficial impact on heart health, specifically cardiovascular health. Given that vascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, the importance of this work cannot be underestimated. At the Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Kagoshima University, Japan, Dr. Katsuko Kajiya and her team are researching the bioregulatory functions of agricultural products and how they can be beneficial to health. The researchers are working to scientifically elucidate the function of foods, looking at the disease prevention mechanisms and physiological functions of certain food ingredients.

scholarly journals Microbial Biocontrol as an Alternative to Synthetic Fungicides: Boundaries between Pre- and Postharvest Applications on Vegetables and Fruits

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Michele Sellitto ◽  
Severino Zara ◽  
Fabio Fracchetti ◽  
Vittorio Capozzi ◽  
Tiziana Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
And Storage

From a ‘farm to fork’ perspective, there are several phases in the production chain of fruits and vegetables in which undesired microbial contaminations can attack foodstuff. In managing these diseases, harvest is a crucial point for shifting the intervention criteria. While in preharvest, pest management consists of tailored agricultural practices, in postharvest, the contaminations are treated using specific (bio)technological approaches (physical, chemical, biological). Some issues connect the ‘pre’ and ‘post’, aligning some problems and possible solution. The colonisation of undesired microorganisms in preharvest can affect the postharvest quality, influencing crop production, yield and storage. Postharvest practices can ‘amplify’ the contamination, favouring microbial spread and provoking injures of the product, which can sustain microbial growth. In this context, microbial biocontrol is a biological strategy receiving increasing interest as sustainable innovation. Microbial-based biotools can find application both to control plant diseases and to reduce contaminations on the product, and therefore, can be considered biocontrol solutions in preharvest or in postharvest. Numerous microbial antagonists (fungi, yeasts and bacteria) can be used in the field and during storage, as reported by laboratory and industrial-scale studies. This review aims to examine the main microbial-based tools potentially representing sustainable bioprotective biotechnologies, focusing on the biotools that overtake the boundaries between pre- and postharvest applications protecting quality against microbial decay.

scholarly journals Concentration of cadmium and lead in vegetables and fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Rusin ◽  
Joanna Domagalska ◽  
Danuta Rogala ◽  
Mehdi Razzaghi ◽  
Iwona Szymala
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

AbstractChemical contamination of foods pose a significant risk to consumers. A source of this risk is due to the consumption of products contaminated with heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The aim of the study was to research the levels of Cd and Pb contamination of selected species of vegetables and fruits in the form of fresh, frozen, dried and processed products. The goal was to verify which of these food groups was more contaminated with heavy metals. The study covered 370 samples of fruits and vegetables including apples, pears, grapes, raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, as well as beetroots, celeries, carrots and tomatoes. The content of Cd and Pb was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Quantitative results were analyzed using statistical models: analysis of variance, outlier analysis, post-hoc multiple comparison Tukey test. The tests showed that the levels of Cd and Pb concentration in samples of fresh, processed, frozen and dried fruits and vegetables varied substantially. The highest concentrations were recorded in dried products. Several fruit and vegetable samples exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations of Cd and Pb. The contamination of these products could be a significant source of consumer exposure to heavy metals when these products are a part of the diet.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Chemical Contaminants in Peruvian Produce: A Food-Safety Perspective

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Galagarza ◽  
Alejandra Ramirez-Hernandez ◽  
Haley F. Oliver ◽  
Mariel V. Álvarez Rodríguez ◽  
María del Carmen Valdez Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Andean Country

The presence of chemical contaminants in agricultural products is a continued food-safety challenge in Peru. This country has robust agriculture potential, but its output of fruits and vegetables is severely impacted by massive mining activities, as well as poor farming practices, including the use of polluted irrigation water, misuse of pesticides, and inadequate postharvest conditions. This review examines the current scientific knowledge on the levels of pesticide residues, heavy metals, and mycotoxins on crops produced in Peru. The available data shows that several crop varieties are contaminated with these classes of chemical contaminants, and at levels that exceed the national and international permissible limits. The abundance of chemical contaminants in produce indicates a relevant food-safety issue, which increases the risks of chronic human diseases, like cancer—a leading cause of death in Peru. Finally, this review presents recommendations to address these contamination problems in produce grown in the Andean country.

PENERAPAN ANALISIS GEROMBOL DAN BIPLOT (STUDI KASUS: HASIL PERTANIAN DAERAH TERTINGGAL DI PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Indah Ratih Anggriyani ◽  
Dariani Matualage ◽  
Esther Ria Matulessy
Keyword(s):  
Relative Position ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Papua Barat ◽  
Different Characteristics

One of the potential of the seven districts underdeveloped areas in West Papua Province is agriculture. In order to develop agricultural potential, an overview of agricultural products is needed including the similarity of regional characteristics and the relative position of the region. The similarity of regional characteristics to agricultural product can be known by cluster analysis. The relative posistion of the area with agricultural  results is known by biplot analysis. Bintuni Bay Regency, South Sorong Regency, Tambrauw Regency and Maybrat Regency have the same characteristics in producing agriculture while Teluk Wondama Regency, Sorong Regency and Raja Ampat Regency have different characteristics. The relative position of agricultural products with the regency is Sorong Regency producing the highest number of food crops while the largest producer of horticulture fruits and vegetables are Teluk Wondama Regency and Raja Ampat Regency.

Use of Bacteriocins in Food: Regulatory Considerations

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (13) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. OWEN FIELDS
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
Premarket Approval

ABSTRACT The authority under which a given bacteriocin will be regulated for use in food will depend on the foods in which it is used and the purpose for which it is used. Use of (i) purified bacteriocins, (ii) cells producing bacteriocins, or (iii) genetic expression of bacteriocins in food-producing organisms to serve a preservative effect in processed foods are under the jurisdiction of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are regulated as food ingredients under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). Under the FFDCA, those substances that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by qualified experts (either based on scientific principles or because they have been historically and safely present in food) are exempt from mandatory premarket approval. Substances used in processed food that are not GRAS are defined as “food additives” under the FFDCA and require premarket approval by the FDA. Bacteriocins used in meat products will require an additional suitability assessment by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). Bacteriocins which are used on whole fruits or vegetables (or genetically expressed in whole fruits and vegetables and intended to act in the whole food) fall within the definition of “pesticide” found in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and are therefore regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Bacteriocins which are genetically expressed in food-producing domestic animals may be regulated as animal drugs if they are intended for use in preventing disease in animals.

scholarly journals Do vegetables/fruits act as a vehicle in the spread of COVID-19?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4150
Author(s):  
Kapil Telang ◽  
Rahul Jain ◽  
Ajoy Sodani ◽  
Prachi Shaw ◽  
Susmit Kosta
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
The Way

The current study was aimed to find out whether the COVID-19 virus is detectable upon the fruits and vegetables after coming in close contact with a patient suffering from nSARS-CoV-2. We included ten subjects, who tested positive for nSARS-CoV-2 RNA within seven days of the experiment. After explaining the experiment, a tray filled with seasonal vegetables and fruits were placed in front of them. The tray remained within their reach, for next thirty minutes. The subjects were requested to remove their face masks and remain so throughout the task. They were requested to manipulate the food articles the way they liked. Subjects were instructed to cough into their hands and then to manipulate each item at least 5 times, during the experiment. Thereafter, the trays were moved into an open and shaded area with free flow of natural air but no direct sunlight. After 1-hour, swabs were taken from surfaces of items by thoroughly rubbing over each of them. Samples were sent immediately to our RT-PCR lab. The nSARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected, from the samples collected from the fruit/vegetable, at the end of one hour of the direct exposure to the COVID-19 patients. Our results suggest, even after direct exposure to and significant handling by the COVID-19 patients the nSARS-CoV-2 RNA remains undetected after one hour of storage in open. The fruits and vegetables, in real-life situations, are unlikely to act as a fomite and play any significant role in the spread of this disease.

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