scholarly journals Age Distribution, Comorbidities and Risk Factors for Thrombosis in Prader–Willi Syndrome

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlin G. Butler ◽  
Aderonke Oyetunji ◽  
Ann M. Manzardo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Diagnostic Codes ◽  
And Gender

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is an imprinting disorder caused by lack of expression of the paternally inherited 15q11.2–q13 chromosome region. The risk of death from obesity-related complications can worsen with age, but survival trends are improving. Comorbidities and their complications such as thrombosis or blood clots and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are uncommon but reported in PWS. Two phases of analyses were conducted in our study: unadjusted and adjusted frequency with odds ratios and a regression analysis of risk factors. Individuals with PWS or non-PWS controls with exogenous obesity were identified by specific International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 diagnostic codes reported on more than one occasion to confirm the diagnosis of PWS or exogenous obesity in available national health claims insurance datasets. The overall average age or average age per age interval (0–17 year, 18–64 year, and 65 year+) and gender distribution in each population were similar in 3136 patients with PWS and 3945 non-PWS controls for comparison purposes, with exogenous obesity identified from two insurance health claims dataset sources (i.e., commercial and Medicare advantage or Medicaid). For example, 65.1% of the 3136 patients with PWS were less than 18 years old (subadults), 33.2% were 18–64 years old (adults), and 1.7% were 65 years or older. After adjusting for comorbidities that were identified with diagnostic codes, we found that commercially insured PWS individuals across all age cohorts were 2.55 times more likely to experience pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) than for obese controls (p-value: 0.013; confidence interval (CI): 1.22–5.32). Medicaid-insured individuals across all age cohorts with PWS were 0.85 times more likely to experience PE or DVT than obese controls (p-value: 0.60; CI: 0.46–1.56), with no indicated age difference. Age and gender were statistically significant predictors of VTEs, and they were independent of insurance coverage. There was an increase in occurrence of thrombotic events across all age cohorts within the PWS patient population when compared with their obese counterparts, regardless of insurance type.

scholarly journals Metabolic Risk Factors and Associated Morbidities among Adult Urban People in Pyin Oo Lwin Township

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban People

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, with insulin resistance proposed as a linking factor. It is common and is increasing in prevalence worldwide, largely attributed to increasing obesity and sedentary lifestyles, and now is both a public health and clinical problem. This community-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during 2015 to identify metabolic risk factors and associated morbidities among adult urban people in Pyin Oo Lwin Township. A total of 355 participants, 94 men (26.5%) and 261 women (73.5%) were enrolled. Age distribution was from 18 to 85 years with mean of 49.98 (SD:15.22) years. Metabolic risk factors were identified according to National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guideline. In this study, central obesity was the highest component with 145 subjects (40.8%) followed by elevated triglycerides 129(36. 3%), elevated blood pressure 104(29.3%), low HDL-cholesterols 85(23.9%), and elevated fasting glucose in only 48 individuals (13.5%). The total prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35.2% with 26.6% in men and 38.3% in women, respectively. There were statistically significant associations above all five metabolic risk factors with metabolic syndrome (p value <0.001). Regarding its associated morbidities, ECG examinations showed normal 296 cases (83.4%) and abnormal in 59 cases (16.6%) but there was no significant difference between metabolic syndrome and abnormal ECG findings. In conclusion, this study recognizes the high prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome and can be depicted about the metabolic risks as the baseline data for implementation of further activities to reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases.

Abstract TP117: Outcomes of Elective Carotid Stenting in the Octogenarians

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aws Alawi ◽  
Firas Al Shakarchi ◽  
Randall Edgell ◽  
Amer Alshekhlee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Carotid Stenting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Missing Observations ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Carotid Artery Stent ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Procedure Codes

Background: The CREST trial showed that risk of stroke, MI, death, and composite of the any of the 3 adverse events during the periprocedural period of carotid artery stent (CAS) is 4.1%, 1.1%. 0.7%, and 7.2% respectively. We aim to assess trends of periprocedural outcomes after CAS based on different age strata. Methods: A cohort of patients with CAS is identified from the National In patient Sample database using the procedure codes (00.63) for the years 2001 through 2009. We only included elective admissions for CAS. Missing observations on the death status are eliminated. Age was stratified as follows: < 60, 61-70, 71-80, and > 80. Trend analysis for the following periprocedural outcomes: peri-procedure stroke, myocardial infarction ‘MI’, and death; was performed across different age strata. The Cochrane-Armitage test was used for trend analysis. Results: Over 9 years, 10,655 CAS procedures were performed; 1818 (17.1%) were performed in the octogenarians. Race and gender distribution was similar across the age strata; men and Whites were predominant. In addition to age, co-morbid high risk factors were documented in 91% of the octogenarians compared to 83.2% of those < 60. The overall periprocedural outcome of stroke, MI and death across all ages is 2.37%, (stroke 1.6%, MI 0.66% and death 0.37%). Unfavorable periprocedural outcomes in different age strata are as follows: < 60 (1.1%), 61-70 (1.9%), 71-80 (3%), and > 80 (2.75%); trend P value < 0.0001. The risk of stroke is as follows: < 60 (0.72%), 61-70 (1.3%), 71-80 (2.0%), and > 80 (1.9%), P value < 0.0003; and MI < 60 (0.33%), 61-70 (0.52%), 71-80 (0.85%), and > 80 (0.77%), P value < 0.03. Mortality remained between 0.27 and 0.44 in different age strata; P = 0.54. Conclusion: In this study, periprocedural risks of stroke and MI are lower than what was reported in the CREST trial. A slight increase in these risks is noted with age, though appeared to plateau after age of 70 years.

scholarly journals To Study Demographics as Risk Factor for Mortality Associated with COVID-19 : A retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1519-1523
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh Bakshi ◽  
Neetu Sharma ◽  
Jasbir Singh ◽  
Sandeep Batish ◽  
Vijay Sehga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

Objectives : Novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 has emerged as a pandemic, claiming over 1,431,513 lives ( till Nov. 27,2020 ) worldwide involving 191 countries . The objective of the study is to evaluate age and gender as a risk factor for COVID -19 related mortality . Material and Methods : It is a retrospective cohort study , where the database of indoor COVID-19 positive patients was assessed for the study. Evaluation of the role of age and gender in mortality of COVID infection by comparing dataset of 2,142 indoor COVID positive patients with two outcome groups namely ,death and discharged groups was done. Results: The age comparison between two groups namely, death and discharged groups showed a median age of 60 years (IQR 50-70) for patients who died and 52 years (IQR 36–62) for the patients who recovered from COVID (p value-<0.001). There were 9 (0.65%) pediatric patients (<12 yrs) in the group of patients who recovered .For gender analysis (n=2129), COVID patients who died were 32.5%( n=692) ,out of which 63.6%(n=440) were males and 36.4%(n=252) were females. COVID positive patients in discharged group were 67.5%(n=1437),out of which 61.2%(n=880) were males and 38.8%(n=557) were females. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for mortality risk based on gender for COVID -19 infection (chi square value of 1.09, p value=.296) and the relative risk of death in males and females who died of COVID was 1.052 (95% CI=0.92-1.204). Conclusion: COVID-19 infection is showing predilection for male gender in both death and discharged group but the males and females are equally susceptible to the risk of death .

scholarly journals Contribution of Socioeconomic, Lifestyle, and Medical Risk Factors to Disparities in Dementia and Mortality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Medical Risk ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Medical Risk Factors ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

Extensive literature in the United States documents racial/ethnic and gender disparities in the incidence and prevalence of dementia yet few studies have examined how race/ethnicity and gender intersect to shape inequalities in the risk of dementia. Moreover, few studies have examined heterogeneity in the contribution of known risk factors to dementia across these demographic strata while properly accounting for the semi-competing risk of death. To better characterize sources of inequality in the risk of dementia, I calculated the proportion of dementia cases attributable to socioeconomic, lifestyle, and medical risk factors across demographic strata using data from the US Health and Retirement Study and a multistate framework that accounts for the semi-competing risk of death. Socioeconomic resources contributed to the largest number of dementia cases but the magnitude of this contribution varied across strata defined by race/ethnicity and gender. The greatest potential for dementia prevention was observed among non-Hispanic black and Hispanic men and women, supporting an intersectionality approach, and underscoring the need for culturally sensitive intervention and public health initiatives to address the growing burden of dementia.

scholarly journals Risk of death by age and gender from CoVID-19 in Peru, March-May, 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Munayco ◽  
Gerardo Chowell ◽  
Amna Tariq ◽  
Eduardo A Undurraga ◽  
Kenji Mizumoto
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Mortality Burden ◽  
And Gender

Peru implemented strict social distancing measures during the early phase of the epidemic and is now experiencing one of the largest CoVID-19 epidemics in Latin America. Estimates of disease severity are an essential indicator to inform policy decisions about the intensity and duration of interventions needed to mitigate the outbreak. Here we derive delay-adjusted case fatality rates (aCFR) of CoVID-19 in a middle-income country in South America. We used government-reported time series of CoVID-19 cases and deaths stratified by age group and gender. Our estimates as of May 25, 2020, of the aCFR for men and women are 10.8% (95%CrI: 10.5-11.1%) and 6.5% (95%CrI: 6.2-6.8%), respectively, and an overall aCFR of 9.1% (95%CrI: 8.9-9.3%). Our results show that senior individuals are the most severely affected by CoVID-19, particularly men, with aCFR of almost 60% for those aged 80- years. We found that men have a significantly higher cumulative morbidity ratio than women across most age groups (proportion test, p-value< 0.001), with the exception of those aged 0-9 years. The COVID-19 epidemic is imposing a large mortality burden in Peru. Senior individuals, especially those who are older than 70 years of age, are being disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Investigation and Identification of Human Factors Related to Traffic Accidents leading to injury or Death in Yazd City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Tarfiei ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush ◽  
Mohammad Hassan lotfi ◽  
Ali Reza Adamizadeh ◽  
Seyedeh Mahdieh Namayandeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Human Risk ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Traffic accidents are a major problem in the field of transportation in Iran. To address this problem, detailed studies are needed especially over the impact of human risk factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and recognizing the human characteristics associated with the occurrence of traffic accidents resulting in injury or death in the city of Yazd. Method: In this cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study, Yazd traffic accident data were collected using simple sampling method. The data were collected on the basis of COM form 114 by traffic experts present at the accident scenes. After data collection, the data were entered into SPSS software version 20 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: A total of 2082 cases were studied in traffic accidents (pedestrians=8.8%, passengers=15.4%, and drivers=75.8%). The average age of injured and deceased persons in traffic accidents were 35.08±13.89 and 45.37±17.12 years, respectively. The most common human factors involved in traffic accidents were rush and acceleration (96.8%). Moreover, nonconformity of priority right was 98.9%. A statistically significant relationship was found between human factors and traffic accidents leading to death or injury (p-value=0.04). Conclusion:  According to the findings, controlling human risk factors can reduce the risk of death and injuries in traffic accidents. Officials, policymakers, and planners can also plan on the most influential factor by carefully analyzing human errors in the event of a traffic accident.

Understanding Terminal Decline in Cognition and Risk of Death

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rabbitt ◽  
Mary Lunn ◽  
Danny Wong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Impending Death ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Reduced Risk

There is new empirical evidence that the effects of impending death on cognition have been miscalculated because of neglect of the incidence of dropout and of practice gains during longitudinal studies. When these are taken into consideration, amounts and rates of cognitive declines preceding death and dropout are seen to be almost identical, and participants aged 49 to 93 years who neither dropout nor die show little or no decline during a 20-year longitudinal study. Practice effects are theoretically informative. Positive gains are greater for young and more intelligent participants and at all levels of intelligence and durations of practice; declines in scores of 10% or more between successive quadrennial test sessions are risk factors for mortality. Higher baseline intelligence test scores are also associated with reduced risk of mortality, even when demographics and socioeconomic advantage have been taken into consideration.

Association of Vitamin D Levels and Other Risk Factors with Asthma Exacerbations in Children

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Asthma Exacerbations ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Animal Dander

Background: The risk factors for asthma exacerbations are well understood. However, the effect of vitamin D levels on number of asthma exacerbations per year is not clearly studied. The objective of the study was to find out the association of serum vitamin D levels and asthma risk factors on asthma exacerbations. Methods: In this study, ninety-nine subjects from 5 to 15 years of age were recruited at an episode of acute exacerbation. It was a cross sectional study and carried out from 2012 to 2015. Pulmonary function test was done by spirometry. Asthma exacerbation was labeled when forced expiratory volume/ forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio was less than 80% (American Thoracic Society). Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines were used to classify asthma into mild, moderate and severe persistent asthma. Serum vitamin D levels were measured by chemiluminescence method. Pearson Chi-square test was applied and p value (p<0.05) was considered as statistically significant. Results: Children who had exposure to animal dander had significantly lower asthma exacerbations per year (p-value <0.046). There was no significant association between vitamin D levels and number of exacerbations per years (p-value <0.099). Asthma was prevalent in girls of low socioeconomic status (SES) compared to males. However, there was no significant association between smoke, exercise, home environment, food allergies, weather, pollen and dust with asthma exacerbations. Conclusion: Low levels of vitamin D were not associated with increased number of asthma exacerbations per year. However, children exposed to animal dander had lesser number of exacerbations per year (p-value <0.046). Keywords: Asthma; Vitamin D; Children; Exacerbations, Risk factors.

Tobacco smoking and influenza (review)

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Pandemic Flu

The review analyzed data on the risks of influenza infection and severe course in tobacco smokers compared with non-smokers. The incidence of influenza in the Russian Federation in 2018 amounted to 26.33 per 100 000 people, and was 24% lower than the incidence in 2017 (34.86 per 100 000) due to the fact that in recent years the coverage of the population with preventive vaccinations has been significantly increased against the flu. Meta-analyzes shows that current smokers are more likely to get the flu than non-smokers. It is noted that smoking may increase the risk of hospitalization in smokers (OR 1.32–2.18 in various meta-analyzes) and former smokers after infection with the influenza virus. Tobacco has been found to increase the risk of death from influenza among older people. At the same time, there is a study of risk factors for severe outcomes in patients hospitalized with the 2009 H1N1 pandemic flu, in which smoking was not a risk factor for severe outcomes. During the influenza epidemic, smokers and former smokers should be given the flu shot and be informed of the risk of hospitalization, and they are also strongly advised to stop smoking.

scholarly journals A Survey of the Knowledge of Truffles among Polish Foresters and Implications for Environmental Education

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Dorota Hilszczańska ◽  
Aleksandra Rosa-Gruszecka ◽  
Bogusław Kosel ◽  
Jakub Horak ◽  
Marta Siebyła
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Hypogeous Fungi ◽  
The Public ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ecology Education ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Tuber Spp

While the use of truffles in Poland has a long tradition, for historical reasons this knowledge was almost lost. Currently, truffles and truffle orchards are again receiving public attention. For example, the Polish State Forests supported the establishment of truffle orchards by the Forestry Research Institute. In recent years, knowledge concerning these unique hypogeous fungi has been disseminated systematically through scientific and popular publications, films, and electronic media. This study investigates the awareness of economically and culinary valued truffle fungi (Tuber spp.) among more than 1400 Polish foresters. The results show that 70% of interviewees were familiar with historical and contemporary information about growing and using truffles in Poland. Based on respondents’ age, education, type of work, and gender we attempted to identify whether these elements were associated with the state of knowledge about truffles. The results indicated that younger foresters were better informed about the presence of truffles in Poland and also about their use in the past in Polish cuisine. Environmental education was an important source of knowledge about truffle harvesting and the soils that are conducive to truffle development. Foresters who have provided forest ecology education and who are 36–65 years of age generally possessed better knowledge about truffles than other age cohorts. More than 30% of respondents expressed interest in educational courses to improve their knowledge of truffles. The results point to the need for forestry education concerning truffles and indicate the need for fostering sustainable agroforestry-centered initiatives disseminating this knowledge to the public.

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