scholarly journals Heat Stress Impairs the Physiological Responses and Regulates Genes Coding for Extracellular Exosomal Proteins in Rat

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Jinhuan Dou ◽  
Adnan Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zahoor Khan ◽  
Siyuan Mi ◽  
Yajing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biochemical Indicator ◽  
Gene Transcripts

Heat stress (HS) is challenging in humans and animals as it is a complicated regulatory mechanism. This prompted us to characterize the physiological and molecular responses of a HS-animal model. In this study, a rat model system was developed by using three temperature treatments (40 ℃, 42 ℃, and 43 ℃) and sixteen biochemical indicators in blood at 42 ℃ for 30 min (H30), 60 min (H60), and 120 min (H120). In addition, transcriptomic profiling was carried out in H120-rats’ blood, liver, and adrenal gland samples for detection of the genes of interest. Our findings demonstrated that the adrenocorticotropic hormone, catalase, prolactin, growth hormone, and lactic acid have significant spatiotemporal variation in the H120-rats as compared with the control. Furthermore, through transcriptomic screening, we documented a high ratio of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in adrenal glands, liver, and blood, respectively. Among them, Nup153, Plxnb2, Stx7, Hspa9, Chordc1, Pde4d, Gm2α, and Rnf125 were associated with the regulation of HS and immune response processes. Notably, 36 and 314 of DEGs in blood and adrenal glands were detected in the composition of the extracellular exosome, respectively. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between gene transcripts and biochemical indicator levels identified the Lgals3, S1006, Fn1, F2, and Kng1l1 as key candidate genes for HS encoding extracellular exosomal proteins. On the basis of our results, it was concluded that the current rat model provides a molecular basis for future research in HS resistance in humans and livestock.

Repeated thermal conditioning during the neonatal period affects behavioral and physiological responses to acute heat stress in chicks

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 102759
Author(s):  
Yoshimitsu Ouchi ◽  
Hiroshi Tanizawa ◽  
Jun-ichi Shiraishi ◽  
John F. Cockrem ◽  
Vishwajit S. Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Acute Heat Stress

Insights into the heat-responsive transcriptional network of tomato contrasting genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Sirine Werghi ◽  
Charfeddine Gharsallah ◽  
Nishi Kant Bhardwaj ◽  
Hatem Fakhfakh ◽  
Faten Gorsane
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Resource Data

AbstractDuring recent decades, global warming has intensified, altering crop growth, development and survival. To overcome changes in their environment, plants undergo transcriptional reprogramming to activate stress response strategies/pathways. To evaluate the genetic bases of the response to heat stress, Conserved DNA-derived Polymorphism (CDDP) markers were applied across tomato genome of eight cultivars. Despite scattered genotypes, cluster analysis allowed two neighbouring panels to be discriminate. Tomato CDDP-genotypic and visual phenotypic assortment permitted the selection of two contrasting heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive cultivars. Further analysis explored differential expression in transcript levels of genes, encoding heat shock transcription factors (HSFs, HsfA1, HsfA2, HsfB1), members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family (HSP101, HSP17, HSP90) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes (APX1, APX2). Based on discriminating CDDP-markers, a protein functional network was built allowing prediction of candidate genes and their regulating miRNA. Expression patterns analysis revealed that miR156d and miR397 were heat-responsive showing a typical inverse relation with the abundance of their target gene transcripts. Heat stress is inducing a set of candidate genes, whose expression seems to be modulated through a complex regulatory network. Integrating genetic resource data is required for identifying valuable tomato genotypes that can be considered in marker-assisted breeding programmes to improve tomato heat tolerance.

scholarly journals 216 Thermoregulatory and physiological responses of sows at different reproductive stages exposed to increasing ambient temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Betty R McConn ◽  
Alan W Duttlinger ◽  
Kouassi R Kpodo ◽  
Jacob M Maskal ◽  
Brianna N Gaskill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract Pregnant sows, especially during late-gestation, may be susceptible to heat stress due to increased metabolic heat production and body mass. Therefore, the study objective was to determine the thermoregulatory and physiological responses of sows exposed to increasing ambient temperature (TA) at 3 reproductive stages. In 3 repetitions, 27 multiparous sows (parity 3.22±0.89) were individually housed and had jugular catheters placed 5.0±1.0 d prior to the experiment. To differentiate between reproductive stages, sows were categorized as open (not pregnant, n=9), mid-gestation (59.7±9.6 days pregnant, n=9), or late-gestation (99.0±4.8 days pregnant, n=9). During the experiment, sows were exposed to 6 consecutive 1 h periods of increasing TA (period 1, 14.39±2.14°C; period 2, 16.20±1.39°C; period 3, 22.09±1.87°C; period 4, 26.34±1.39°C; period 5, 30.56±0.81°C; period 6, 35.07±0.96°C), with 1 h transition phases in between each period. Respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR), skin temperature, and vaginal temperature (TV) were measured every 20 min and the mean was calculated for each period. At the end of each period, blood gases, leukocytes, and red blood cell counts were measured. Overall, RR and HR were greater (P≤0.04; 45.6% and 12.9%, respectively) in late-gestation versus mid-gestation sows. Compared to mid-gestation and open sows, TV tended to be greater (P=0.06) during period 4 (0.18°C and 0.29°C, respectively) and period 5 (0.14°C and 0.18°C, respectively) in late-gestation sows. Blood O2 increased (P< 0.01; 18.1%) for all sows with advancing period, regardless of reproductive stage. Late-gestation sows had reduced (P=0.02; 16.1%) blood CO2 compared to mid-gestation sows, regardless of period. In summary, late-gestation sows appear to be more sensitive to increasing TA as indicated by increased RR, HR, TV, and blood O2, and reduced blood CO2 when compared to mid-gestation or open sows. This change in O2 and CO2, due to increasing RR and heat stress sensitivity of late-gestation sows, may suggest an alteration to the acid-base balance, leading to respiratory alkalosis.

Wetting and the physiological responses of grain-fed cattle in a heated environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Gaughan ◽  
M. Shane Davis ◽  
Terry L. Mader
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Hot Days ◽  
Carry Over

A controlled crossover experimental design was used to determine the effect of altered water sprinkling duration on heifers subjected to heat stress conditions. Heifers were subjected to 3 days of thermoneutral conditions followed by 3 days of hot conditions accompanied by water sprinkling between 1300 and 1500 h (HOT1–3). Then on the following 2 days (HOT4–5), environmental conditions remained similar, but 3 heifers were sprinkled between 1200 and 1600 h (WET) and 3 were not sprinkled (NONWET). This was followed by a 1-day period (HOT6) in which environmental conditions and sprinkling regimen were similar to HOT1–3. Rectal temperature (RT) was collected hourly, and respiration rate (RR) was monitored every 2 h on HOT Days 2, 4, 5, and 6. Dry matter intake and rate of eating were also determined. Sprinkling reduced RR and RT (P < 0.01) of all heifers during HOT1–3. During HOT4–5, WET heifers had lower (P < 0.05) RT than NONWET from 1300 to 700 h and lower RR from 1400 to 2000 h. Dry matter intake of NONWET heifers was reduced by 30.6% (P < 0.05) during HOT4–5 and by 51.2% on HOT6. On HOT4–5 the dry matter intakes of WET heifers were similar to intakes under thermoneutral conditions. During HOT6, RT was again reduced following sprinkling in all heifers. Comparison of RT and RR of NONWET and WET heifers on HOT1–3 v. HOT6 revealed that under similar environmental conditions, NONWET heifers had increased RT, partially due to carry-over from HOT4–5. However, NONWET heifers had 40% lower feed intake but tended to have lower RR on HOT6 v. HOT1–3. Only RR of WET heifers was greater on HOT6, possibly a result of switching from a 4-h back to a 2-h sprinkling period, while maintaining a 62% greater intake (5.80 v. 3.58 kg/day) than NONWET heifers during this time. Results suggest that inconsistent cooling regimens may increase the susceptibility of cattle to heat stress and elicit different physiological and metabolic responses.

Effect of season on thermoregulatory responses and energy expenditure of goats on semi-arid range in India

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHINDE ◽  
RAGHAVENDRA BHATTA ◽  
S. K. SANKHYAN ◽  
D. L. VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Semi Arid

A study of the physiological responses and energy expenditure of goats was carried out from June 1999 to May 2000 by conducting two experiments: one on bucks maintained on stall feeding in autumn 1999 (Expt 1) followed by year-round grazing on native ranges over three seasons: monsoon, winter and summer (Expt 2). Physiological responses and energy expenditure (EE) measurements of housed and grazing goats were recorded at 06.00 h and 14.00 h for 5 consecutive days in each season. Goats were fixed with a face mask and meteorological balloon for collection of expired air and measurement of EE. Respiration rate (RR) at 06.00 h was similar in all seasons (14 respiration/min) except in the monsoon, where a significantly (P<0.05) higher value (26 respiration/min) was recorded. At 14.00 h, RR was higher in monsoon and summer (81 and 91 respiration/min) than in winter (52 respiration/min). Irrespective of the season, heart rate (HR) was higher at 14.00 h (86 beat/min) than at 06.00 h (64 beat/min). The rise of rectal temperature (RT) from morning (06.00 h) to peak daily temperature (14.00 h) was 0.9 °C in housed goats in autumn and 1.0, 2.1 and 2.0 °C in grazing goats during monsoon, winter and summer, respectively. The mean value was 1.7 °C. Skin temperature (ST) was lowest in winter (30.1 °C) and highest at 14.00 h in summer (40.3 °C). Energy expenditure of goats at 06.00 h was 32.7 W in winter and significantly (P<0.05) increased to 52.0 W in summer and 107.8 W in monsoon. At 14.00 h, EE was 140.2 W in winter and increased to 389.0 W and 391.3 W respectively in monsoon and summer. It is concluded that monsoon and summer are both stressful seasons in semi-arid regions. Animals should be protected from direct solar radiation during the hottest hours of the day to ameliorate the effect of heat stress.

Comparative Efficacy of Physiological Responses and Skin Temperatures in Indigenous and Crossbred Cattle Supplemented with Chlorophytum borivilianum in Summer Season

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Devi ◽  
Mahendra Singh ◽  
Yallappa M. Somagond ◽  
A.K. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Chlorophytum Borivilianum ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Background: Heat stress causes oxidative stress and declines milk production potential of cows. The physiological responses and skin temperature of heat stressed animals are good indices for deterring the heat stress. The efficacy of medicinal herb Chlorophytum borivilianum (CB) was tested in lowering the rise in values of physiological responses and skin temperature in crossbred vis a vis Indigenous cows. Methods: Eighteen Tharparkar (TP) and Crossbred KF cows in mid-lactation were given; No supplement (control), a low (T1, n=6) and a high dose (T2, n=6) of CB @ 40 and 80 mg/kg BW/day, respectively for 90 days during hot-humid season. Respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperature (ST) was recorded at the site of forehead, neck, rear body, and udder surface in the morning and afternoon at weekly intervals. Temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated to assess the degree of thermal stress in animals. Result: Physiological responses and skin temperatures were higher (p less than 0.01) in the afternoon than morning intervals in TP and KF cows. CB feeding significantly lowered physiological responses and ST (p less than 0.01) in high dose as compared to low dose. It was concluded that CB feeding @ 80 mg/kg BW/day effectively alleviates the heat stress. Indigenous cows were found more heat tolerant in comparison to crossbred cows.

Mechanism of Traditional Medicine Tongfeng Li’an Granules on Hyperuricemic Rats Based on Regulating Uric Acid Transporter

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-541
Author(s):  
Xiangpei Zhao ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Chuanmei Zhong ◽  
Hongli Teng ◽  
Guodong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Acid Transporter

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disorder of purine metabolism which leads to the increase of serum uric acid. Tongfeng Lian granule (TFLA) is a clinical empirical traditional herb prescription in China, is biobased natural product material. To study its regulatory mechanism on uric acid transporter in rats with HUA, the rat model of hyperuricemic was established by oral administration of potassium oxazinate (1.5 g/kg) and adenine (0.05 g/kg). The related indexes were detected to evaluate the uric Acid Transporter after treat with TFLA. In the results, compared with model group, the high dose TFLA can reduce the levels of Related serum biochemical indexes (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). TFLA could reduce the levels of URAT1, GLUT9 and increase the expression of OAT3 in kidney. In conclusion, TFLA can effectively inhibit the level of serum uric acid with hyperuricemia rats, and the possible mechanism related to TFLA inhibiting the reabsorption of uric acid by URAT1 and GLUT9, promoting the secretion of OAT3 and uric acid into urine.

The role of diet on the rhythm of physiological responses of lactating ewes under heat stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-361
Author(s):  
Fernanda Patricia Gottardi ◽  
Tairon Pannunzio Dias e Silva ◽  
Patrick Elves Paraguaio ◽  
Jacira Neves da Costa Torreão ◽  
Carlo Aldrovandi Torreão Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Physiological Responses

scholarly journals MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL INTOXICATION WITH CYPERMETHRIN

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
E. A. Chigrinsky ◽  
V. D. Konvay ◽  
Yu. N. Fedorov ◽  
L. K. Gerunova ◽  
V. I. Gerunov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Intoxication ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Chronic Intoxication ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Morphological Criteria

The research objective was to evaluate the morphofunctional state of the adrenal glands in laboratory animals in conditions of acute and chronic intoxication with cypermethrin. Studies were performed on 140 male rats of the Wistar line. To simulate an acute intoxication cypermethrin was single injected into the stomach in a dose of half of LD50 followed by observation of the animals for 30 days. In the study of chronic intoxication cypermethrin was administered to rats in a dose of 1/100 of LD50. The experiment has lasted for 120 days.At the initial stage of the experiment the acute intoxication of rats with cypermethrin caused hyper- and then hyposecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. The content of progesterone in the blood serum and adrenal tissue decreased in animals. During the first three days after the poisoning there was an increase in the concentration of corticosterone in the blood serum. To the end of the 7th day the concentration of this hormone in adrenal tissue decreased sharply and did not reach the control background after a month. Chronic intoxication with cypermethrin caused hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone for two months with the subsequent normalization of its level in the blood. The disturbance of progesterone synthesis in the adrenal glands during chronic intoxication is indicated by fluctuation of its concentration in blood 30 days after the start of the experiment. There was found high level of corticosterone in blood and adrenal glands for two months, and then it decreased to a control level. Morphological criteria for amplification and then suppression of adrenal function are the dimension of endocrine cells and their nuclei, the intensity of cell vacuolation suggesting the degree of lipids accumulation, and the severity of blood filling in the vessels of the beam and reticular zones.

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