scholarly journals Trends in the Application of “Omics” to Ecotoxicology and Stress Ecology

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1481
Author(s):  
Joshua Niklas Ebner
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Molecular Responses ◽  
Omics Technologies ◽  
Stress Ecology ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
Species Comparisons

Our ability to predict and assess how environmental changes such as pollution and climate change affect components of the Earth’s biome is of paramount importance. This need positioned the fields of ecotoxicology and stress ecology at the center of environmental monitoring efforts. Advances in these interdisciplinary fields depend not only on conceptual leaps but also on technological advances and data integration. High-throughput “omics” technologies enabled the measurement of molecular changes at virtually all levels of an organism’s biological organization and thus continue to influence how the impacts of stressors are understood. This bibliometric review describes literature trends (2000–2020) that indicate that more different stressors than species are studied each year but that only a few stressors have been studied in more than two phyla. At the same time, the molecular responses of a diverse set of non-model species have been investigated, but cross-species comparisons are still rare. While transcriptomics studies dominated until 2016, a shift towards proteomics and multiomics studies is apparent. There is now a wealth of data at functional omics levels from many phylogenetically diverse species. This review, therefore, addresses the question of how to integrate omics information across species.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Apicoplast-Targeted Protein Extension Lengths in Apicomplexan Parasites

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr V. Seliverstov ◽  
Oleg A. Zverkov ◽  
Svetlana N. Istomina ◽  
Sergey A. Pirogov ◽  
Philip S. Kitsis
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Signal Peptides ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Apicomplexan Parasites ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Focus On Results ◽  
Species Comparisons

In general, the mechanism of protein translocation through the apicoplast membrane requires a specific extension of a functionally important region of the apicoplast-targeted proteins. The corresponding signal peptides were detected in many apicomplexans but not in the majority of apicoplast-targeted proteins inToxoplasma gondii. InT. gondiisignal peptides are either much diverged or their extension region is processed, which in either case makes the situation different from other studied apicomplexans. We propose a statistic method to compare extensions of the functionally important regions of apicoplast-targeted proteins. More specifically, we provide a comparison of extension lengths of orthologous apicoplast-targeted proteins in apicomplexan parasites. We focus on results obtained for the model speciesT. gondii,Neospora caninum, andPlasmodium falciparum. With our method, cross species comparisons demonstrate that, in average, apicoplast-targeted protein extensions inT. gondiiare 1.5-fold longer than inN. caninumand 2-fold longer than inP. falciparum. Extensions inP. falciparumless than 87 residues in size are longer than the corresponding extensions inN. caninumand, reversely, are shorter if they exceed 88 residues.

scholarly journals Variation across Species and Levels: Implications for Model Species Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg F. Striedter
Keyword(s):  
Species Differences ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Orthologous Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Homologous Genes ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
High Level

The selection of model species tends to involve two typically unstated assumptions, namely: (1) that the similarity between species decreases steadily with phylogenetic distance, and (2) that similarities are greater at lower levels of biological organization. The first assumption holds on average, but species similarities tend to decrease with the square root of divergence time, rather than linearly, and lineages with short generation times (which includes most model species) tend to diverge faster than average, making the decrease in similarity non-monotonic. The second assumption is more difficult to test. Comparative molecular research has traditionally emphasized species similarities over differences, whereas comparative research at higher levels of organization frequently highlights the species differences. However, advances in comparative genomics have brought to light a great variety of species differences, not just in gene regulation but also in protein coding genes. Particularly relevant are cases in which homologous high-level characters are based on non-homologous genes. This phenomenon of non-orthologous gene displacement, or “deep non-homology,” indicates that species differences at the molecular level can be surprisingly large. Given these observations, it is not surprising that some findings obtained in model species do not generalize across species as well as researchers had hoped, even if the research is molecular.

scholarly journals Four Factors that will shape the Future of Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Beno
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Future Of Work ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Diverse World ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Complex Activities

The future of work is shaped by technological progress, globalisation and glocalisation, and societal and institutional change. As a result of recent developments, a diverse world of work with significant differences in working conditions by industry and occupation will develop, with a focus on creative, interactive and more complex activities with essential skills. At the same time, demands on companies with regard to innovation and flexibility are growing. To understand the future of work, we believe it is essential to explore four major factors that will impact on the future of work: 1) Technological progress, IT platforms, the sharing and knowledge economy; 2) Demographic, social and environmental changes; 3) Globalisation and glocalisation; and 4) Labour flexibility. Our aim is to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of the future of work by examining these four key factors that influence today’s labour market, because this market is agile, since people can work anywhere at any time. In summary, seeing automation as synonymous with job losses is not correct. We contend that it is a mistake to believe that globalisation and technological advances lead to a reduction in the demand for human employees. However, it is possible that the opposing viewpoints of those who agree and those who disagree with this opinion are causing a polarisation of the workforce. Changes in our society, such as the constantly evolving demography, as well as environmental issues and ICT, have an influence on the way we work, and when, how and where we work.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Cardiovascular Research Involving Single-Cell Omics Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhehao Dai ◽  
Seitaro Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Disease Gene ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Omics Technologies ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Intercellular Communications ◽  
Research Resources

Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the spectrum of the heart from development to disease has long been studied, it remains largely enigmatic. The emergence of single-cell omics technologies has provided a powerful toolbox for defining cell heterogeneity, unraveling previously unknown pathways, and revealing intercellular communications, thereby boosting biomedical research and obtaining numerous novel findings over the last 7 years. Not only cell atlases of normal and developing hearts that provided substantial research resources, but also some important findings regarding cell-type-specific disease gene program, could never have been established without single-cell omics technologies. Herein, we briefly describe the latest technological advances in single-cell omics and summarize the major findings achieved by such approaches, with a focus on development and homeostasis of the heart, myocardial infarction, and heart failure.

scholarly journals Water deficit in the soybean breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
João Roberto Pimentel ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Cristian Troyjack ◽  
Gilberto Troyjack Junior ◽  
Vinicius Jardel Szareski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Main Risk Factor ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growth Constraints ◽  
Sessile Organisms

The climate unpredictability causes long periods of drought, becoming the main risk factor in soybeans production fields and consequent losses to farmers in Brazil and worldwide. As sessile organisms, plants are constantly challenged by a wide range of environmental stresses, including drought. Growth constraints and stress due to these environmental changes result in reduced yield and significant harvesting losses. The response to abiotic stresses is a very complex phenomenon, since several stages of plant development can be affected by a particular stress and often several stresses affect the plant simultaneously. In order to mitigate the damages caused by the climate, new soybean cultivars adapted to the drought and the diversified climate are necessary, as well as technological advances in the production of soybeans that must advance with the increase of cultivated area. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying tolerance and adaptation to stress have been the focus of intensive research. In this sense, the objective of this review is to provide an overview of the evolution of genetic improvement regarding the search for more drought-tolerant cultivars, as well as to verify which strategies are used in the genetic improvement of soybean in the search of these genotypes.

scholarly journals Differences in Cell Proliferation and Craniofacial Phenotype of Closely Related Species in the Pupfish Genus Cyprinodon

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247
Author(s):  
Ezra Lencer ◽  
Amy R McCune
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Technological Advances

Abstract Understanding the genetic basis for phenotypic differences is fundamental to the study of macroevolutionary patterns of biological diversity. While technological advances in DNA sequencing have made researching genetic variation in wild taxa routine, fully understanding how these variants affect phenotype requires taking the next step to investigate how genetic changes alter cell and tissue interactions that ultimately produce phenotypes. In this article, we investigate a role for cell proliferation as a developmental source of craniofacial diversity in a radiation of 3 species of Cyprinodon from San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Patterns of cell proliferation in the heads of hatching-age fish differ among species of Cyprinodon, and correlate with differences in allometric growth rate among the jaws of 3 distinct species. Regional patterns of cell proliferation in the head are complex, resulting in an unintuitive result in which lower levels of cell proliferation in the posterior head region are associated with the development of relatively larger jaws in one species. We combine these data with previously published morphological and genomic data to show how studying the mechanisms generating phenotype at the cellular and tissue levels of biological organization can help mechanistically link genomic studies with classic morphological studies.

scholarly journals Digitalizalization in Food Supply Chains: A Bibliometric Review and Key-route Main Path Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderahman Rejeb ◽  
Karim Rejeb ◽  
Alireza Abdollahi ◽  
Suhaiza Zailani ◽  
Iranmanesh Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Main Path ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Main Path Analysis ◽  
Bibliometric Review

Technological advances such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, big data, social media, geographic information systems represent a building block of the digital transformation that supports the resilience of the food supply chain (FSC) and increases its efficiency. This paper reviews the literature surrounding digitalization in FSCs. A bibliometric and key-route main path analysis was carried out to objectively and analytically uncover the knowledge development in digitalization within the context of sustainable FSCs. The research began with the selection of 2140 articles published nearly over five decades. Then, the articles were examined according to several bibliometric metrics such as year of publication, countries, institutions, sources, authors, and keywords frequency. A keyword co-occurrence network was generated to cluster the relevant literature. Findings of the review and bibliometric analysis indicate that research at the intersection of technology and the FSC has gained substantial interest from scholars. On the basis of keyword co-occurrence network, the literature is focused on the role of information communication technology for agriculture and food security, food waste and circular economy, and the merge of the Internet of Things and blockchain in the FSC. The analysis of the key-route main path uncovers three critical periods marking the development of technology-enabled FSCs. The study offers scholars a better understanding of digitalization within the agri-food industry and the current knowledge gaps for future research. Practitioners may find the review useful to remain ahead of the latest discussions of technology-enabled FSCs. To the authors’ best knowledge, the current study is one of the few endeavors to explore technology-enabled FSCs using a comprehensive sample of journals articles published during the past five decades.

scholarly journals Trends and Applications of Omics Technologies to Functional Characterisation of Enzymes and Protein Metabolites Produced by Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Grace N. Ijoma ◽  
Sylvie M. Heri ◽  
Tonderayi S. Matambo ◽  
Memory Tekere
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Omics Technologies ◽  
Functional Characterisation ◽  
The Many

Identifying and adopting industrial applications for proteins and enzymes derived from fungi strains have been at the focal point of several studies in recent times. To facilitate such studies, it is necessary that advancements and innovation in mycological and molecular characterisation are concomitant. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the necessary steps employed in both qualitative and quantitative research using the omics technologies that are pertinent to fungi characterisation. This stems from the understanding that data provided from the functional characterisation of fungi and their metabolites is important towards the techno-economic feasibility of large-scale production of biological products. The review further describes how the functional gaps left by genomics, internal transcribe spacer (ITS) regions are addressed by transcriptomics and the various techniques and platforms utilised, including quantitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), hybridisation techniques, and RNA-seq, and the insights such data provide on the effect of environmental changes on fungal enzyme production from an expressional standpoint. The review also offers information on the many available bioinformatics tools of analysis necessary for the analysis of the overwhelming data synonymous with the omics approach to fungal characterisation.

scholarly journals Transgenerational dispersal plasticity and its fitness consequences are under genetic control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Cayuela ◽  
Staffan Jacob ◽  
Nicolas Schtickzelle ◽  
Rik Verdonck ◽  
Hervé Philippe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Transgenerational Plasticity ◽  
Species Response

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity, the ability of one genotype to produce different phenotypes in different environments, plays a central role in species’ response to environmental changes. Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) allows the transmission of this environmentally-induced phenotypic variation across generations, and can influence adaptation. To date, the genetic control of TGP, its long-term stability, and its potential costs remain largely unknown, mostly because empirical demonstrations of TGP across many generations in several genetic backgrounds are scarce. Here, we examined how genotype determines the TGP of dispersal, a fundamental process in ecology and evolution. We used an experimental approach involving ~200 clonal generations in a model-species of ciliate to determine if and how TGP influences the expression of dispersal-related traits in several genotypes. Our results show that morphological and movement traits associated with dispersal are plastic, and that these modifications are inherited over at least 35 generations. We also highlight that genotype modulates the fitness costs and benefits associated with plastic dispersal strategies. Our study suggests that genotype-dependent TGP could play a critical role in eco-evolutionary dynamics as dispersal determines gene flow and the long-term persistence of natural populations. More generally, it outlines the tremendous importance that genotype-dependent TGP could have in the ability of organisms to cope with current and future environmental changes.SignificanceThe genetic control of the transgenerational plasticity is still poorly understood despite its critical role in species responses to environmental changes. We examined how genotype determines transgenerational plasticity of a complex trait (i.e., dispersal) in a model-species of ciliate across ~200 clonal generations. Our results provide evidence that plastic phenotypic variation linked to dispersal is stably inherited over tens of generations and that cell genotype modulates the expression and fitness cost of transgenerational plasticity.

scholarly journals Literasi Digital Bagi Keluarga Milenial Dalam Mendidik Anak Di Era Digital

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rini Indriani, M. Yemmardotillah
Keyword(s):  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
The Right

The development of technological advances in the digital era brings very significant changes in all aspects of life. In this digital era, educational problems become very diverse with the increasing family responsibilities. To deal with these developments, the expertise of parents and educators is needed to implement the right solutions to all these problems and also the ability to adapt to environmental changes. This study examines in depth digital literacy for millennial families in educating children in the digital era. Digital literacy skills are needed by teachers and parents in educating children so that they can play various roles as educators in this digital era. This research uses library research method. Data collection in this study was carried out by elaborating various kinds of literature in the form of books, journals, e-books and literature relevant to digital literacy problems in millennial families in the digital era. The data analysis technique uses content analysis methods from journals and other documents that are accessed via the internet. The results show that in this digital era the role of parents is needed so as not to be left behind. In this era, there is a need for a new reorientation of learning because it is considered to affect vision, responsibility, social sensitivity and logical ability, as well as honesty. All of this leads to a reorientation of the new role of parents, namely as agents of change, knowledge renewal, and learning consultants that emphasize creativity, initiative, good communication and cooperation between parents, schools and communities.

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