scholarly journals The Evaluation of Preference and Perceived Quality of Health Communication Icons Associated with COVID-19 Prevention Measures

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1115
Author(s):  
Yogi Tri Prasetyo ◽  
Ratna Sari Dewi ◽  
Naiomi M. Balatbat ◽  
Michael Lancelot B. Antonio ◽  
Thanatorn Chuenyindee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Mask ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Friedman's Test ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Semantic Distances ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

Icons have been widely utilized to describe and promote COVID-19 prevention measures. The purpose of this study was to analyze the preference and subjective design features of 133 existing icons associated with COVID-19 prevention measures published by the health and medical organizations of different countries. The 133 icons represent nineteen different function names, such as “Wash Hands” and “Wear Face Mask”. A total of 57 participants were recruited to perform two different tests: ranking test and subjective rating test. The ranking test was conducted to elicit the preference ranking of seven icon designs representing each function name. It was followed by a subjective rating test using 13 semantic scales on the two most preferred icons to analyze their perceived quality. Spearmen correlation was applied to derive the possible correlations between users’ rankings and the semantic scales, and Friedman’s test was also performed to determine the true difference between ranking in terms of each semantic scale to provide a fully meaningful interpretation of the data. Generally, findings from the current study showed that the image presented in the icon is the key point that affects the icons’ perceived quality. Interestingly, Spearman’s correlation analysis between preference ranking and semantic scales showed that vague–clear, weak–strong, incompatible–compatible, and ineffective–effective were the four strongest semantic scales that highly correlated with the preference ranking. Considering the significant relationships between the semantic distances and the functions, images depicted in an icon should be realistic and as close as possible to its respected function to cater to users’ preferences. In addition, the results of Spearman’s correlation and Friedman’s test also inferred that compatibility and clarity of icon elements are the main factors determining a particular icon’s preferability. This study is the first comprehensive study to evaluate the icons associated with the COVID-19 prevention measures. The findings of this study can be utilized as the basis for redesigning icons, particularly for icons related to COVID-19 prevention measures. Furthermore, the approach can also be applied and extended for evaluating other medical icons.

scholarly journals Use of Respiratory Protection Devices by Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5834
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Shashina ◽  
Valentina V. Makarova ◽  
Denis V. Shcherbakov ◽  
Tatiana S. Isiutina-Fedotkova ◽  
Nadezhda N. Zabroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Individual Use

The use of face masks has assumed a leading spot among nonspecific prevention measures during the coronavirus pandemic. The effectiveness of this protective measure depends on the specifics of individual use. The purpose of our study was to analyze the use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) by medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation of face mask use was based on the results of a survey of medical students at Sechenov University. There were 988 participants in the study: 97.5% used RPE during the pandemic, 89.1% used disposable medical and hygienic face masks, 27.4% used reusable cloth face masks, and 13.2% used respirators. The majority of respondents (75.2%) were found to wear face masks correctly. However, 17.0% of the respondents were found to cover only their mouths with a face mask, while 7.8% reported often shifting their face mask under the chin due to perceived discomfort. Only 25.1% of respondents changed their disposable face mask after 2-3 h of wearing, while 13.0% decontaminated and used it several times. Most cloth face mask users (93.7%) decontaminated their marks, but only 55.7% of respondents did so daily. Face masks were most often worn in medical organizations (91.5%), and 1.4% of respondents did not use respiratory protection anywhere. In conclusion, we consider it necessary to introduce a special module on nonspecific prevention in the discipline of hygiene.

scholarly journals Esthetic perception of orthodontic appliances by Brazilian children and adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deise Caldas Kuhlman ◽  
◽  
Tatiana Araújo de Lima ◽  
Candice Belchior Duplat ◽  
Jonas Capelli Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Friedman's Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Clear Aligner ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Test Correlation

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this present study was to understand how children and adolescents perceive esthetic attractiveness of a variety of orthodontic appliances. It also analyzed preferences according to patients' age, sex and socioeconomic status. Methods: A photograph album consisting of eight photographs of different orthodontic appliances and clear tray aligners placed in a consenting adult with pleasing smile was used. A sample of children or adolescents aged between 8 and 17 years old (n = 276) was asked to rate each image for its attractiveness on a visual analog scale. Comparisons between the appliances attractiveness were performed by means of nonparametric statistics with Friedman's test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison post-hoc test. Correlation between appliances and individuals' socioeconomic status, age, sex, and esthetic perception was assessed by means of Spearman's correlation analysis. Results: Attractiveness ratings of orthodontic appliances varied nonsignificantly for children in the following hierarchy: traditional metallic brackets with green elastomeric ligatures > traditional metallic brackets with gray elastomeric ligatures > sapphire esthetic brackets; and for adolescents, as follows: sapphire esthetic brackets > clear aligner without attachments > traditional metallic brackets with green elastomeric ligatures. The correlation between individuals' socioeconomic status and esthetic perception of a given appliance was negative and statistically significant for appliances such as the golden orthodontic brackets and traditional metallic brackets with green elastomeric ligatures. Conclusion: Metal appliances were considered very attractive, whereas aligners were classified as less attractive by children and adolescents. The correlation between esthetic perception and socioeconomic status revealed that individuals with a higher socioeconomic level judged esthetics as the most attractive attribute. For those with higher economic status, golden orthodontic brackets and traditional metallic brackets with green elastomeric ligatures were assessed as the worst esthetic option.

scholarly journals UVC LED and Conducting Yarn-Based Heater for a Smart Germicidal Face Mask to Protect against Airborne Viruses

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6999
Author(s):  
Priyabrata Pattanaik ◽  
William Holderbaum ◽  
Asimananda Khandual ◽  
Hara Prasada Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Face Mask ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Irradiation Intensity ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Cad Simulation ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
The Government ◽  
Far Ultraviolet ◽  
Airborne Viruses ◽  
Uv C

“Wear a mask. Save lives” is the slogan of WHO and all the government agencies over the world to the public. One of the most adopted prevention measures that can limit the spread of the airborne virus in the form of respiratory viral diseases, including the new strain of COVID-19, is wearing a proper mask. If the mask surface is heated to 65 to 70 °C, it could help potentially diminish any viruses or bacteria accumulated. The FAR-Ultraviolet -C (FAR-UV-C) dose for the influenza limit to 254 nm light is ~3 mJ/cm2/hour exposure is not harmful to the human skin and eyes. Here, we propose an intelligent mask served by FAR-UV-C and conducting a yarn-based heater that could potentially be activated in a controlled manner to kill the virus. The effective irradiation intensity for skin application would be under 0.1 µW/cm2. The exposure risk of UV-C is technically prevented by fabricating multi-layered fabrics with multiple functionalities. Along with experimental validation on bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE), tinker cad simulation for circuit design, and comsol multiphysics for temperature profile study, we probed Moisture Management Test (MMT) in addition with cytotoxicity risk by MTT Assay for survivability to ensure safer application potential. This novel proposed design with the germicidal combination of heating and FAR-UV-C models, described here, is promising in retaliating and combating any airborne viruses.

A Comparative Analysis of Sagat and Sart for Evaluations of Situation Awareness

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mica R. Endsley ◽  
Stephen J. Selcon ◽  
Thomas D. Hardiman ◽  
Darryl G. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Highly Correlated

Situation awareness (SA) has become an important criterion for systems evaluation efforts. Several measures of SA have been developed, the most widely used among them being the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) and the Situational Awareness Rating Technique (SART). SAGAT provides an objective measure of SA based on queries during freezes in a simulation. SART provides a subjective rating of SA by operators. This paper presents a direct comparison of the two measures which were used within a display evaluation study. It was found that both SART and SAGAT contributed sensitivity and diagnosticity regarding the effects of the display concept. The SART measure was highly correlated with subjective measures of confidence level, a simple subjective SA measure and a subjective performance measure. The SAGAT and SART measures were not correlated with each other. The implications of these findings for the interpretation of subjective SA measures are discussed as well as advantages and disadvantages of both measurement approaches.

SELECTION OF PERFORATED FLOORS BY NEWBORN AND WEANLING PIGS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1229-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHANTAL FARMER ◽  
G. I. CHRISTISON
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Expanded Metal ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Behavior Preference ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Time Lapse Photography

Newborn and weanling pigs were offered pairwise choices of perforated floors of varied characteristics. Floor preferences were studied by time-lapse photography and by direct observation in a front creep area (for newborn pigs) and in flat decks (for weanlings). Plastic-coated expanded metal was most preferred (P < 0.05) by both newborn and weanling pigs, followed by perforated metal slats. Woven wire was selected least. Similar results were obtained from the overall ranking of each floor compared to all the other floors as from the pairwise comparisons of floors. Weanling pigs established floor preferences between 2 and 10 h after introduction to the pen. Social factors seemed to influence the lying location of weanlings when these animals were exposed to two floors that were close in the preference ranking. Newborn piglets showed clear preferences by 5 and 48 h after birth. The front creep area was used for lying less than 10% of the time in the first 12 h. The floor preference of young swine was correlated to friction, void:solid ratio and surface temperature of the floors. Traction was the single factor most highly correlated to floor preference by weanlings. Key words: Pigs, choice, floors, behavior, preference

Relationships between cardiovascular and immunological changes in an experimental stress model

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Benschop ◽  
G. L. R. Godaert ◽  
R. Geenen ◽  
J. F. Brosschot ◽  
M. B. M. De Smet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Rest Condition ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Cardiovascular Variables

SynopsisTo investigate the relationships between cardiovascular variables (SBP, DBP, and HR) and circulating natural killer (NK) cell numbers, 70 male volunteers were subjected to a rest condition (N = 30) or a stressful laboratory task (N = 40). At baseline, no significant relationships could be demonstrated between the number of NK cells and the cardiovascular variables. Analysis of covariance showed that the stressor induced increases in the number of NK cells, SBP, DBP, and HR. Changes in NK cell numbers were highly correlated to changes in cardiovascular variables in both the task and the no-task group. These results indicate that there is no relationship between the number of circulating NK cells and cardiovascular levels per se, but that changes in these variables, either stress-induced or under rest conditions, are regulated by a common mechanism.

scholarly journals Conceptualization of college students’ COVID-19 related mask-wearing behaviors using the Multi-Theory Model of health behavior change

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
Robert E. Davis ◽  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
Kayla E. Simon ◽  
Amanda H. Wilkerson
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Social

Background: Recommendations and policies, regarding the use of face coverings, have been instituted to control transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding of psychosocial factors related to the use of face coverings within the context of COVID-19 is needed. This study aimed to conceptualize mask-wearing behavior among students using the Multi-theory Model (MTM) of behavior change. Methods: In October 2020, students (n = 595) enrolled in a large public southeastern US university were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey, using a valid and reliable instrument. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate techniques described mask-wearing behavior and differentiated theoretical drivers of mask-wearing between individuals compliant and non-compliant with guidelines. Results: Compliant individuals reported significantly higher scores (P<0.05) for initiation and sustenance of mask-wearing, participatory dialogue, behavioral confidence, emotional transformation, practice for change, changes in the social environment, and significantly lower scores for disadvantage. Among multivariable models, all theoretical predictors exhibited significant relationships to their respective outcomes (initiation and sustenance). Specifically, MTM constructs explained approximately 35% of variance in initiation (R2 = 0.346, F(3,526) = 94.32, P<0.001) and 33% of variance in sustenance of mask wearing (R2 = 0.328, F(3,529) = 87.71, P<0.001) for compliant individuals. Behavioral confidence and emotional transformation exhibited the strongest relationships to initiation (ß = 0.403, P<0.001) and sustenance (ß = 0.450, P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Findings suggest a need to design educational programming based on the MTM to promote mask-wearing behavior among laggards who defy face mask guidelines, recommendations, and mandates.

P01-209-The comparison between manic and mixed episodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 210-210
Author(s):  
A. Ghaffarinejad ◽  
A. Mirghiasi
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

This study was designed for comparing between manic and mixed episodes and the relationship between these episodes and special scores were evaluated.This analytical - observational study was performed in Kerman Beheshti hospital / Kerman / Iran : one hundred and eighty six bipolar inpatients with diagnosis of manic and mixed episodes were included in study. They were assessed with the Young mania and Beck Depression Inventory.Frequency of pure mania was 22.6%. The mean of age of onsent was lower in mixed type (P = 0.02). Young score was higher in pure mania (p = 0.026).Spearman's correlation coefficient show strong relationship between duration of hospitalization and young score (p = 0.0001).These is significant relationship between Beck score and family history of bipolar disorder (p < 0.05). and there was significant relationship between Beck score and patient’s insight overlay,comorbidity of personality disorder was 26.3 was similar in both groups.There were significant relationships between age of onset of illness and positive familial history of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder,and between suicidal attept and panic disorder and social phobia,however rapid cycling was higher in mixed patients significantly (p = 0.009).As far as we know This is the first study regarding relationship between bipolar subtypes and severity of mood disorders in Iran. This study is a part of a larger study including several provinces in Iran.We believed the prevalence of mixed state is not well known and in many cases it could be underdiagnosed.

Hepatocellular carcinoma diameter and blood platelet levels in a large cohort of Chinese patients in Taiwan.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15157-e15157
Author(s):  
Brian I. Carr ◽  
Chih-Yun Lin ◽  
Sheng-Nan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Normal Platelet ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

e15157 Background: Cirrhosis is often associated with thrombocytopenia and predisposes to HCC. Platelets are known to produce several HCC growth factors. Methods: A cohort of 4,139 Chinese HCC patients from Taiwan was interrogated for baseline clinical, tumor and liver function characteristics in relation to blood platelet counts. Results: Trichotomization of the cohort by tumor size after log-linearization, revealed significant relationships of tumor size to blood platelet, AFP and GGTP levels. Patients with higher platelets had larger tumors, more tumor nodules and higher AFP and GGTP levels than those with lower platelet levels. 80% of patients with larger tumors had normal platelet counts, compared to 50% of patients with smaller tumors. Analysis of the cohort according to platelet sub-sets, revealed significant relationships of platelet counts to tumor size and AFP levels. By Spearman’s correlation coefficient, platelet counts correlated moderately with tumor size (rho=0.411), but weakly with tumor numbers, PVT, AST or AFP levels. Sub-set analysis of the cohort according to platelet levels showed that 38% of patients had thrombocytopenia and they had the smallest tumors, lowest tumor numbers, lowest percent with PVT and lowest AFP levels. Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between HCC size and blood platelet counts; patients with larger tumors had higher platelet levels.

Gluten polypeptides as useful genetic markers of dough quality in Australian wheats

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
EV Metakovsky ◽  
CW Wrigley ◽  
F Bekes ◽  
RB Gupta ◽  
EV Metakovskii
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Dough Quality ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Group 1 Chromosomes ◽  
Group 1

Seed proteins of 28 Australian bread wheat cultivars were analysed by gel electrophoresis to indicate variations in the composition of their gliadins and glutenin polypeptides (both low- and high-molecular-weight). Composition was indicated according to allelic blocks of genes for each protein class and for each chromosome involved. Relationships were studied between gluten-protein alleles, pedigrees and dough properties (in the Extensograph). Overall, gliadins and low-molecular-weight (LMW) subunits of glutenin controlled by group 1 chromosomes showed closest relationships with each other. LMW subunits were most highly correlated with dough resistance and extensibility. Gliadins controlled by chromosomes 6A and 6D also had highly significant relationships to dough resistance and extensibility, respectively. Among high-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin, however, only those controlled by chromosome 1B showed a significant relationship with resistance to dough extension.

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