scholarly journals Physiological, Transcriptomic Investigation on the Tea Plant Growth and Yield Motivation by Chitosan Oligosaccharides

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Lina Ou ◽  
Qiuqiu Zhang ◽  
Dezhong Ji ◽  
Yingying Li ◽  
Xia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Academic Support ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Tea Plants

Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) has been abundantly studied for its application on regulating plant growth of many horticultural and agricultural crops. We presented here the effect of COS on tea plant growth and yield by physiological and transcriptomic checking. The results showed that COS treatment can enhance the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and increase the content of chlorophyll and soluble sugar in tea plants. The field trail results show that COS treatment can increase tea buds’ density by 13.81–23.16%, the weight of 100 buds by 15.94–18.15%, and the yield by 14.22–21.08%. Transcriptome analysis found 5409 COS-responsive differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 3149 up-regulated and 2260 down-regulated genes, and concluded the possible metabolism pathway that responsible for COS promoting tea plant growth. Our results provided fundamental information for better understanding the molecular mechanisms for COS’s acting on tea plant growth and yield promotion and offer academic support for its practical application in tea plant.

Molecular Insights into Beneficial Effects of Tea-Plant Growth and Selenium Enrichment by Herbaspirillum camelliae

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Xuejing Yu ◽  
Xingguo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Secretion Systems

Herbaspirillum camelliae WT00C, as a tea-plant endophytic bacterium, not only colonizes specifically in tea plants but also promotes tea-plant growth and selenium enrichment. Different from diazotrophic endophytes H. seropedicae, H. frisingense and H. rubrisubalbicans, H. camelliae WT00C does not display nitrogen-fixing activity. To understand the molecular mechanisms of promoting the growth of tea plant and Se-enrichment, we sequenced and annotated the genome of H. camelliae WT00C. The results showed that the genome was composed of 6,079,821 base pairs with a total of 5,537 genes. The genomic survey also revealed that H. camelliae WT00C was a multifunctional bacterium metabolizing a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources and defending against biotic and abiotic stress. Although this bacterium did not have intact nitrogen-fixing genes, its genome held the genes responsible for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deamination, siderophore synthesis, ammonia formation, urea metabolism, glutathione and selenocompound metabolisms. Biosynthesis of IAA, siderophore, ammonia, urea and ACC deaminase could explain why two bacterial strains promote tea-plant growth and development. Selenocompound metabolism in this bacterium might also benefit tea-plant growth and Se-enrichment. In addition, the genome of H. camelliae also contained a multitude of protein secretion systems T1SS, T3SS, T4SS and T6SS, in which T4SS did not exhibit in other members of the genus Herbaspirillum.

scholarly journals Exogenous Melatonin Modulates the Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Drought Tolerance in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2828
Author(s):  
Md. Shakhawat Hossain ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Ashim Sikdar ◽  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Ferdinand Uzizerimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin

Tartary buckwheat is one of the nutritious minor cereals and is grown in high-cold mountainous areas of arid and semi-arid zones where drought is a common phenomenon, potentially reducing the growth and yield. Melatonin, which is an amphiphilic low molecular weight compound, has been proven to exert significant effects in plants, under abiotic stresses, but its role in the Tartary buckwheat under drought stress remains unexplored. We evaluated the influence of melatonin supplementation on plant morphology and different physiological activities, to enhance tolerance to posed drought stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviating lipid peroxidation. Drought stress decreased the plant growth and biomass production compared to the control. Drought also decreased Chl a, b, and the Fv/Fm ratio by 54%, 70%, and 8%, respectively, which was associated with the disorganized stomatal properties. Under drought stress, H2O2, O2•−, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased by 2.30, 2.43, and 2.22-folds, respectively, which caused oxidative stress. In contrast, proline and soluble sugar content were increased by 84% and 39%, respectively. However, exogenous melatonin (100 µM) could improve plant growth by preventing ROS-induced oxidative damage by increasing photosynthesis, enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase), secondary metabolites like phenylalanine ammonialyase, phenolics, and flavonoids, total antioxidant scavenging (free radical DPPH scavenging), and maintaining relative water content and osmoregulation substances under water stress. Therefore, our study suggested that exogenous melatonin could accelerate drought resistance by enhancing photosynthesis and antioxidant defense in Tartary buckwheat plants.

scholarly journals Kadar pati akar dan sitokinin endogen pada tanaman teh menghasilkan sebagai dasar penentuan pemangkasan dan aplikasi zat pengatur tumbuh

Kultivasi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari ◽  
Jajang Sauman Hamdani ◽  
Cucu Suherman Victor Zar ◽  
Tati Nurmala ◽  
Heri Sahrian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Endogenous Cytokinin ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Lateral Branches

ABSTRAK Pemangkasan pada tanaman teh dilakukan salah satunya untuk menginisiasi tumbuhnya banyak tunas sebagai bakal pembentukan pucuk peko. Pemangkasan mengubah luas daun, kapasitas fotosintesis perdu, mempengaruhi keseimbangan metabolisme antara organ di atas dan di bawah tanah dengan  mengurangi  jumlah tumbuh tunas yang berfungsi sebagai sumber dan pengguna untuk nutrisi dan hormon. Sampai saat ini pertumbuhan tunas sebagai bakal daun setelah pemangkasan terjadi secara alami tanpa penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT). Pada dasarnya rekayasa fisiologis dengan menggunakan ZPT sitokinin dapat menjadi pilihan untuk lebih memacu pertumbuhan cabang lateral dan tunas serta memecahkan dormansi pucuk. Tujuan penelitian pendahuluan ini  adalah untuk mengetahui   kadar pati akar, kadar sitokinin endogen, serta status hara tanah  guna menentukan waktu pemangkasan yang tepat dan dasar untuk dilakukan aplikasi zat pengatur tumbuh setelah dipangkas. Penelitian selanjutnya adalah penggunaan sitokinin BAP pada berbgai dosis pada tanaman teh yang sudah dipangkas.  Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan pada bulan Agustus  hingga Oktober 2017 di kebun percobaan Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina (PPTK) Gambung  pada ketinggian 1250 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Metode pengambilan sampel daun, akar, dan tanah di lapangan dilakukan secara komposit untuk setiap ulangan selanjutnya dilakukan analisis pati akar, sitokinin endogen serta hara tanah. Hasil uji kualitatif pati akar menggunakan iodium mengindikasikan bahwa tanaman teh siap untuk dipangkas terlihat dari sampel akar yang ditetesi iodium menunjukkan warna hitam. Hasil analisis laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa kadar pai akar berada pada kisaran 6.99 % hingga 9,16% dan sitokinin endogen ada pad akisaran 0,0016% hingga0,0019%.  Penentuan kadar pati akar, kondisi lingkungan serta status hara sebelum pemangkas diperlukan agar meminimalisasi tingkat kematian perdu teh serta analisis sitokinin endogen diperlukan untuk lebih  mengoptimalkan dosis sitokinin yang akan diberikanKata Kunci : pemangkasan, sitokinin endogen, kadar pati akar. ABSTRACT  Pruning on tea plants is  perfomed initiating growth of shoots to be pecco stadia. Pruning changes the leaf area, the capacity of photosynthetic tea bush, affecting the metabolic balance between upper and underground organs by reducing the growing number of buds that function as sources and sinks for nutrients and hormones. Until now the growth of shoots as leaf will after pruning occurs naturally without the addition of plant growth regulating substances (PGR). Essentially physiological engineering using  cytokinins can be an option to increase the growth of lateral branches and buds as well as break the shoot dormancy. The preliminary study was conducted from August to October 2017 at experimental field of Gambung Tea and Quinine Research Center (PPTK) at an altitude of 1250 m above sea level (asl). Preliminary method used in the form of analysis of root starch, endogenous cytokinin and soil nutrients to  determined the proper pruning time and the basis for the application of  plant growth regulator substances after pruning. The results of a qualitative test of root content using iodine indicated that the tea plant was ready to be pruned visible from the root samples that iodized spots showed black. The result of  laboratory test  showed that root starch content was in the range of 6.99 to 9.16. and cytokinin endogen  preliminary analysis showed that the levels are in the range of 0.0016 up to 0.0019. Determination of root starch, environmental conditions and nutrient status before pruning is necessary in order to minimize mortality rate of tea bush as well as analysis of endogenous cytokinin is needed to further optimize the dose of cytokinin to be given. Keywords : cytokinins, pruning,  root starch content

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of tea plant autophagy-related genes (CsARGs) demonstrates that they play diverse roles during development and under abiotic stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
ZhaoTang Ding ◽  
Mengjie Gou ◽  
Jianhui Hu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Tea Plants

Abstract Background: Autophagy, meaning ‘self-eating’, is required for the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic constituents under stressful and non-stressful conditions, which helps to maintain cellular homeostasis and delay aging and longevity in eukaryotes. To date, the functions of autophagy have been heavily studied in yeast, mammals and model plants, but few studies have focused on economically important crops, especially tea plants (Camellia sinensis). The roles played by autophagy in coping with various environmental stimuli have not been fully elucidated to date. Therefore, investigating the functions of autophagy-related genes in tea plants may help to elucidate the mechanism governing autophagy in response to stresses in woody plants.Results: In this study, we identified 35 C. sinensis autophagy-related genes (CsARGs). Each CsARG is highly conserved with its homologues from other plant species, except for CsATG14. Tissue-specific expression analysis demonstrated that the abundances of CsARGs varied across different tissues, but CsATG8c/i showed a degree of tissue specificity. Under hormone and abiotic stress conditions, most CsARGs were upregulated at different time points during the treatment. In addition, the expression levels of 10 CsARGs were higher in the cold-resistant cultivar ‘Longjing43’ than in the cold-susceptible cultivar ‘Damianbai’ during the CA period; however, the expression of CsATG101 showed the opposite tendency.Conclusions: We performed a comprehensive bioinformatic and physiological analysis of CsARGs in tea plants, and these results may help to establish a foundation for further research investigating the molecular mechanisms governing autophagy in tea plant growth, development and response to stress. Meanwhile, some CsARGs could serve as putative molecular markers for the breeding of cold-resistant tea plants in future research.

scholarly journals Response to the Cold Stress Signaling of the Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) Elicited by Chitosan Oligosaccharide

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Li ◽  
Qiuqiu Zhang ◽  
Lina Ou ◽  
Dezhong Ji ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Tea Plants

Cold stress caused by a low temperature is a significant threat to tea production. The application of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) can alleviate the effect of low temperature stress on tea plants. However, how COS affects the cold stress signaling in tea plants is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the level of physiological indicators in tea leaves treated with COS, and then the molecular response to the cold stress of tea leaves treated with COS was analyzed by transcriptomics with RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). The results show that the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, content of chlorophyll and soluble sugar in tea leaves in COS-treated tea plant were significantly increased and that photosynthesis and carbon metabolism were enriched. Besides, our results suggest that COS may impact to the cold stress signaling via enhancing the photosynthesis and carbon process. Our research provides valuable information for the mechanisms of COS application in tea plants under cold stress.

Phosphate Uptake and Transport in Plants: An Elaborate Regulatory System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Hong Lu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Chuanzao Mao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Phosphate Transporters ◽  
Protein Levels

Abstract Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Low phosphate (Pi) availability is a limiting factor for plant growth and yield. To cope with a complex and changing environment, plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms for regulating Pi uptake and use. Recently, the molecular mechanisms of plant Pi signaling have become clearer. Plants absorb Pi from the soil through their roots and transfer Pi to various organs or tissues through phosphate transporters, which are precisely controlled at the transcript and protein levels. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the molecular regulatory mechanism of phosphate transporters in Arabidopsis and rice, including the characterization of functional transporters, regulation of transcript levels, protein localization, and turnover of phosphate transporters. A more in-depth understanding of plant adaptation to a changing Pi environment will facilitate the genetic improvement of plant P efficiency.

scholarly journals Tea plant genomics: achievements, challenges and perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
En-Hua Xia ◽  
Wei Tong ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Shu Wei ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Plant Genomics ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tea Quality ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Tea Plants

AbstractTea is among the world’s most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages and possesses enormous economic, health, and cultural values. It is produced from the cured leaves of tea plants, which are important evergreen crops globally cultivated in over 50 countries. Along with recent innovations and advances in biotechnologies, great progress in tea plant genomics and genetics has been achieved, which has facilitated our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tea quality and the evolution of the tea plant genome. In this review, we briefly summarize the achievements of the past two decades, which primarily include diverse genome and transcriptome sequencing projects, gene discovery and regulation studies, investigation of the epigenetics and noncoding RNAs, origin and domestication, phylogenetics and germplasm utilization of tea plant as well as newly developed tools/platforms. We also present perspectives and possible challenges for future functional genomic studies that will contribute to the acceleration of breeding programs in tea plants.

scholarly journals Aluminum Stress Affects Growth and Physiological Characteristics in Oil Tea

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1601-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyuan Huang ◽  
Jun Yuan ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Tan ◽  
Genhua Niu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
Tea Plants

High concentration of aluminum ion (Al3+) in acidic soil often negatively affects plant growth. To deepen understanding of the mechanisms of physiological response to Aluminum (Al) toxicity, changes in physiology and cell ultrastructure of oil tea (Camellia oleifera) were investigated under different Al levels. Oil tea plants were grown in pots filled with sand and treated with Al at 0, 0.5, 1.25, 2.0, or 4.0 mm. Results showed that Al at 0.5–2.0 mm improved plant growth, whereas Al at 4.0 mm inhibited root growth and damaged cell ultrastructure. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and photochemical efficiency increased as Al concentration increased from 0 to 2.0 mm; however, all parameters mentioned previously decreased at 4.0 mm. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in leaves treated with 2.0 mm Al reached the maximum, which were 29%, 63%, and 28% higher than that of control. When Al was ≤2.0 mm, the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein increased with increasing Al concentration. These results may indicate that oil tea adapted to Al stress through osmotic adjustment and through increasing antioxidant enzyme system. In summary, Al at low concentration (0.5–2.0 mm) improved growth and physiological performance, whereas 4.0 mm negatively impacted performance of oil tea.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of tea plant autophagy-related genes (CsARGs) demonstrates that they play diverse roles during development and under abiotic stress

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Zhaotang Ding ◽  
Mengjie Gou ◽  
Jianhui Hu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Tea Plants

Abstract Background Autophagy, meaning ‘self-eating’, is required for the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic constituents under stressful and non-stressful conditions, which helps to maintain cellular homeostasis and delay aging and longevity in eukaryotes. To date, the functions of autophagy have been heavily studied in yeast, mammals and model plants, but few studies have focused on economically important crops, especially tea plants (Camellia sinensis). The roles played by autophagy in coping with various environmental stimuli have not been fully elucidated to date. Therefore, investigating the functions of autophagy-related genes in tea plants may help to elucidate the mechanism governing autophagy in response to stresses in woody plants. Results In this study, we identified 35 C. sinensis autophagy-related genes (CsARGs). Each CsARG is highly conserved with its homologues from other plant species, except for CsATG14. Tissue-specific expression analysis demonstrated that the abundances of CsARGs varied across different tissues, but CsATG8c/i showed a degree of tissue specificity. Under hormone and abiotic stress conditions, most CsARGs were upregulated at different time points during the treatment. In addition, the expression levels of 10 CsARGs were higher in the cold-resistant cultivar ‘Longjing43’ than in the cold-susceptible cultivar ‘Damianbai’ during the CA period; however, the expression of CsATG101 showed the opposite tendency. Conclusions We performed a comprehensive bioinformatic and physiological analysis of CsARGs in tea plants, and these results may help to establish a foundation for further research investigating the molecular mechanisms governing autophagy in tea plant growth, development and response to stress. Meanwhile, some CsARGs could serve as putative molecular markers for the breeding of cold-resistant tea plants in future research.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Soils and the Remediation Potential of Bacteria Associated With the Plant Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah González Henao ◽  
Thaura Ghneim-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Assisted Phytoremediation ◽  
Plant Microbiome

High concentrations of non-essential heavy metals/metalloids (arsenic, cadmium, and lead) in soils and irrigation water represent a threat to the environment, food safety, and human and animal health. Microbial bioremediation has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in the environment due to the demonstrated ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to sequester and transform these compounds. Although several bacterial strains have been reported to be capable of remediation of soils affected by heavy metals, published information has not been comprehensively analyzed to date to recommend the most efficient microbial resources for application in bioremediation or bacterial-assisted phytoremediation strategies that may help improve plant growth and yield in contaminated soils. In this study, we critically analyzed eighty-five research articles published over the past 15 years, focusing on bacteria-assisted remediation strategies for the non-essential heavy metals, arsenic, cadmium, and lead, and selected based on four criteria: i) The bacterial species studied are part of a plant microbiome, i.e., they interact closely with a plant species ii) these same bacterial species exhibit plant growth-promoting characteristics, iii) bacterial resistance to the metal(s) is expressed in terms of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and iv) metal resistance is related to biochemical or molecular mechanisms. A total of sixty-two bacterial genera, comprising 424 bacterial species/strains associated with fifty plant species were included in our analysis. Our results showed a close relationship between the tolerance level exhibited by the bacteria and metal identity, with lower MIC values found for cadmium and lead, while resistance to arsenic was widespread and significantly higher. In-depth analysis of the most commonly evaluated genera, Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Mesorhizobium showed significantly different tolerance levels among them and highlighted the deployment of different biochemical and molecular mechanisms associated with plant growth promotion or with the presence of resistance genes located in the cad and ars operons. In particular, the genera Klebsiella and Enterobacter exhibited the highest levels of cadmium and lead tolerance, clearly supported by molecular and biochemical mechanisms; they were also able to mitigate plant growth inhibition under phytotoxic metal concentrations. These results position Klebsiella and Enterobacter as the best potential candidates for bioremediation and bacteria-assisted phytoremediation strategies in soils contaminated with arsenic, cadmium, and lead.

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