Phosphate Uptake and Transport in Plants: An Elaborate Regulatory System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Hong Lu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Chuanzao Mao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Phosphate Transporters ◽  
Protein Levels

Abstract Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Low phosphate (Pi) availability is a limiting factor for plant growth and yield. To cope with a complex and changing environment, plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms for regulating Pi uptake and use. Recently, the molecular mechanisms of plant Pi signaling have become clearer. Plants absorb Pi from the soil through their roots and transfer Pi to various organs or tissues through phosphate transporters, which are precisely controlled at the transcript and protein levels. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the molecular regulatory mechanism of phosphate transporters in Arabidopsis and rice, including the characterization of functional transporters, regulation of transcript levels, protein localization, and turnover of phosphate transporters. A more in-depth understanding of plant adaptation to a changing Pi environment will facilitate the genetic improvement of plant P efficiency.

scholarly journals Production, Purification, and Characterization of Bacillibactin Siderophore of Bacillus subtilis and Its Application for Improvement in Plant Growth and Oil Content in Sesame

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5394
Author(s):  
S. Nithyapriya ◽  
Sundaram Lalitha ◽  
R. Z. Sayyed ◽  
M. S. Reddy ◽  
Daniel Joe Dailin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Siderophores are low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms under low iron stress as a specific iron chelator. In the present study, a rhizospheric bacterium was isolated from the rhizosphere of sesame plants from Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India and later identified as Bacillus subtilis LSBS2. It exhibited multiple plant-growth-promoting (PGP) traits such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia, and indole acetic acid (IAA), and solubilized phosphate. The chrome azurol sulphonate (CAS) agar plate assay was used to screen the siderophore production of LSBS2 and quantitatively the isolate produced 296 mg/L of siderophores in succinic acid medium. Further characterization of the siderophore revealed that the isolate produced catecholate siderophore bacillibactin. A pot culture experiment was used to explore the effect of LSBS2 and its siderophore in promoting iron absorption and plant growth of Sesamum indicum L. Data from the present study revealed that the multifarious Bacillus sp. LSBS2 could be exploited as a potential bioinoculant for growth and yield improvement in S. indicum.

scholarly journals Physiological, Transcriptomic Investigation on the Tea Plant Growth and Yield Motivation by Chitosan Oligosaccharides

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Lina Ou ◽  
Qiuqiu Zhang ◽  
Dezhong Ji ◽  
Yingying Li ◽  
Xia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Academic Support ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Tea Plants

Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) has been abundantly studied for its application on regulating plant growth of many horticultural and agricultural crops. We presented here the effect of COS on tea plant growth and yield by physiological and transcriptomic checking. The results showed that COS treatment can enhance the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and increase the content of chlorophyll and soluble sugar in tea plants. The field trail results show that COS treatment can increase tea buds’ density by 13.81–23.16%, the weight of 100 buds by 15.94–18.15%, and the yield by 14.22–21.08%. Transcriptome analysis found 5409 COS-responsive differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 3149 up-regulated and 2260 down-regulated genes, and concluded the possible metabolism pathway that responsible for COS promoting tea plant growth. Our results provided fundamental information for better understanding the molecular mechanisms for COS’s acting on tea plant growth and yield promotion and offer academic support for its practical application in tea plant.

scholarly journals Chorea-related mutations in PDE10A result in aberrant compartmentalization and functionality of the enzyme

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 677-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo S. Tejeda ◽  
Ellanor L. Whiteley ◽  
Tarek Z. Deeb ◽  
Roland W. Bürli ◽  
Stephen J. Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Intracellular Trafficking ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 10A

A robust body of evidence supports the concept that phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) activity in the basal ganglia orchestrates the control of coordinated movement in human subjects. Although human mutations in the PDE10A gene manifest in hyperkinetic movement disorders that phenocopy many features of early Huntington’s disease, characterization of the maladapted molecular mechanisms and aberrant signaling processes that underpin these conditions remains scarce. Recessive mutations in the GAF-A domain have been shown to impair PDE10A function due to the loss of striatal PDE10A protein levels, but here we show that this paucity is caused by irregular intracellular trafficking and increased PDE10A degradation in the cytosolic compartment. In contrast to GAF-A mutants, dominant mutations in the GAF-B domain of PDE10A induce PDE10A misfolding, a common pathological phenotype in many neurodegenerative diseases. These data demonstrate that the function of striatal PDE10A is compromised in disorders where disease-associated mutations trigger a reduction in the fidelity of PDE compartmentalization.

Biochemical and molecular characterization of DAPG-producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sherathia ◽  
R. Dey ◽  
M. Thomas ◽  
T. Dalsania ◽  
K. Savsani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) thrive in the rhizosphere of plants and play a beneficial role in plant growth, and development along with biocontrol activities. The present study was undertaken with the aim of developing rhizobacterial inoculants for groundnut for enhancement of growth and yield and suppression of major soil-borne fungal diseases caused by Sclerotium rolfsii (stem rot) and Aspergillus niger (collar rot). Out of a total of 154 rhizobacterial isolates obtained from groundnut rhizosphere, 78 isolates were selected on the basis of in vitro antifungal activities against three major soil-borne fungal pathogens of groundnut, i.e. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Sclerotium rolfsii. The selected isolates were further screened for the production of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) by the gene specific PCR amplification of phlD gene. A total of 11 rhizobacterial isolates were found to have DAPG-producing genes and selected for further studies. Gene specific primers were also used for characterization of the isolates for plant growth-promoting and biocontrol traits. The qualitative and quantitative estimation of the various attributes of the isolates were also carried out. Majority of the isolates showed production of IAA, siderophores and fluorescent pigments. The DAPG-producing rhizobacterial isolates have great potential as bio-inoculants for groundnut crop for suppressing soil-borne fungal pathogens and to enhance growth and yield.

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of PsnNAC036 under Salinity and High Temperature Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2656
Author(s):  
Xuemei Zhang ◽  
Zihan Cheng ◽  
Wenjing Yao ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Xueyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Populus Simonii ◽  
Localization Analysis ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Stress Related Genes

Plant growth and development are challenged by biotic and abiotic stresses including salinity and heat stresses. For Populus simonii × P. nigra as an important greening and economic tree species in China, increasing soil salinization and global warming have become major environmental challenges. We aim to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying tree tolerance to salt stress and high temprerature (HT) stress conditions. Transcriptomics revealed that a PsnNAC036 transcription factor (TF) was significantly induced by salt stress in P. simonii × P. nigra. This study focuses on addressing the biological functions of PsnNAC036. The gene was cloned, and its temporal and spatial expression was analyzed under different stresses. PsnNAC036 was significantly upregulated under 150 mM NaCl and 37 °C for 12 h. The result is consistent with the presence of stress responsive cis-elements in the PsnNAC036 promoter. Subcellular localization analysis showed that PsnNAC036 was targeted to the nucleus. Additionally, PsnNAC036 was highly expressed in the leaves and roots. To investigate the core activation region of PsnNAC036 protein and its potential regulatory factors and targets, we conducted trans-activation analysis and the result indicates that the C-terminal region of 191–343 amino acids of the PsnNAC036 was a potent activation domain. Furthermore, overexpression of PsnNAC036 stimulated plant growth and enhanced salinity and HT tolerance. Moreover, 14 stress-related genes upregulated in the transgenic plants under high salt and HT conditions may be potential targets of the PsnNAC036. All the results demonstrate that PsnNAC036 plays an important role in salt and HT stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Soils and the Remediation Potential of Bacteria Associated With the Plant Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah González Henao ◽  
Thaura Ghneim-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Assisted Phytoremediation ◽  
Plant Microbiome

High concentrations of non-essential heavy metals/metalloids (arsenic, cadmium, and lead) in soils and irrigation water represent a threat to the environment, food safety, and human and animal health. Microbial bioremediation has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in the environment due to the demonstrated ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to sequester and transform these compounds. Although several bacterial strains have been reported to be capable of remediation of soils affected by heavy metals, published information has not been comprehensively analyzed to date to recommend the most efficient microbial resources for application in bioremediation or bacterial-assisted phytoremediation strategies that may help improve plant growth and yield in contaminated soils. In this study, we critically analyzed eighty-five research articles published over the past 15 years, focusing on bacteria-assisted remediation strategies for the non-essential heavy metals, arsenic, cadmium, and lead, and selected based on four criteria: i) The bacterial species studied are part of a plant microbiome, i.e., they interact closely with a plant species ii) these same bacterial species exhibit plant growth-promoting characteristics, iii) bacterial resistance to the metal(s) is expressed in terms of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and iv) metal resistance is related to biochemical or molecular mechanisms. A total of sixty-two bacterial genera, comprising 424 bacterial species/strains associated with fifty plant species were included in our analysis. Our results showed a close relationship between the tolerance level exhibited by the bacteria and metal identity, with lower MIC values found for cadmium and lead, while resistance to arsenic was widespread and significantly higher. In-depth analysis of the most commonly evaluated genera, Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Mesorhizobium showed significantly different tolerance levels among them and highlighted the deployment of different biochemical and molecular mechanisms associated with plant growth promotion or with the presence of resistance genes located in the cad and ars operons. In particular, the genera Klebsiella and Enterobacter exhibited the highest levels of cadmium and lead tolerance, clearly supported by molecular and biochemical mechanisms; they were also able to mitigate plant growth inhibition under phytotoxic metal concentrations. These results position Klebsiella and Enterobacter as the best potential candidates for bioremediation and bacteria-assisted phytoremediation strategies in soils contaminated with arsenic, cadmium, and lead.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Forms and Doses of Sulphur Application on Wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Erdem ◽  
Mustafa Bülent Torun ◽  
Nazife Erdem ◽  
Atilla Yazıcı ◽  
İnci Tolay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
S Fertilizers ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide Emission

Deficiency of sulphur (S) is an important limiting factor of plant growth for sustainable agricultural production. The decline in sulphur dioxide emission, decrease in S-containing fertilizer consumption due to the high cost of S-fertilizers, breeding of new high yielding species are the well known causes of S-deficiency. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of several doses of K2SO4-S, CaSO4-S and elemental-S applied on growth, shoot dry matter yield, S and N concentrations of wheat cultivar. The experiments were conducted in three soils differed from available S concentrations. Effects of different S-treatments (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg S kg-1) and S-forms had significant effects on shoot dry matter yields of plants. Sulphur from different S-sources did not increase shoot S-concentrations in Eskisehir and Konya soils, but increase was significant obtained in the Harran soil. Shoot S-concentration in Harran soil for zero K2SO4 treatment was 0.09%, the values were 0.22, 0.26 and 0.27% respectively for 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 treatments. The results indicated significant effects of S-treatments on plant growth and yield mostly based on soil properties, especially the available S-levels

scholarly journals Metabolic activities and molecular investigations of the ameliorative impact of some growth biostimulators on chilling-stressed coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raifa A. Hassanein ◽  
Omaima S. Hussein ◽  
Amal F. Abdelkader ◽  
Iman A. Farag ◽  
Yousra E. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Abstract Background Priming of seed prior chilling is regarded as one of the methods to promote seeds germination, whole plant growth, and yield components. The application of biostimulants was reported as beneficial for protecting many plants from biotic or abiotic stresses. Their value was as important to be involved in improving the growth parameters of plants. Also, they were practiced in the regulation of various metabolic pathways to enhance acclimation and tolerance in coriander against chilling stress. To our knowledge, little is deciphered about the molecular mechanisms underpinning the ameliorative impact of biostimulants in the context of understanding the link and overlap between improved morphological characters, induced metabolic processes, and upregulated gene expression. In this study, the ameliorative effect(s) of potassium silicate, HA, and gamma radiation on acclimation of coriander to tolerate chilling stress was evaluated by integrating the data of growth, yield, physiological and molecular aspects. Results Plant growth, yield components, and metabolic activities were generally diminished in chilling-stressed coriander plants. On the other hand, levels of ABA and soluble sugars were increased. Alleviation treatment by humic acid, followed by silicate and gamma irradiation, has notably promoted plant growth parameters and yield components in chilling-stressed coriander plants. This improvement was concomitant with a significant increase in phytohormones, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate contents, antioxidants defense system, and induction of large subunit of RuBisCO enzyme production. The assembly of Toc complex subunits was maintained, and even their expression was stimulated (especially Toc75 and Toc 34) upon alleviation of the chilling stress by applied biostimulators. Collectively, humic acid was the best the element to alleviate the adverse effects of chilling stress on growth and productivity of coriander. Conclusions It could be suggested that the inducing effect of the pretreatments on hormonal balance triggered an increase in IAA + GA3/ABA hormonal ratio. This ratio could be linked and engaged with the protection of cellular metabolic activities from chilling injury against the whole plant life cycle. Therefore, it was speculated that seed priming in humic acid is a powerful technique that can benefit the chilled along with non-chilled plants and sustain the economic importance of coriander plant productivity.

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