scholarly journals A High-Resolution Fully Inkjet Printed Resonant Mass Sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Bruno Andò ◽  
Salvatore Baglio ◽  
Ruben Crispino ◽  
Vincenzo Marletta
Keyword(s):  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Resonant Mode ◽  
Mass Sensor ◽  
Target Mass ◽  
Sensor Structure ◽  
Planar Coil ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Fixed End

The rapid prototyping of low-cost sensors is assuming strategic importance in several application fields. In this paper, a fully inkjet printed mass sensor is proposed. The device consists of a poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) cantilever beam, which is driven to its resonant mode by an electromagnetic actuation mechanism, implemented through the interaction between a current impulse flowing through a planar coil (inkjet printed on the PET beam), and a permanent magnet, facing the actuation coil. Target masses are positioned close to the beam end. The sensing methodology, based on the relationship between the beam first natural frequency and the target mass, is implemented through a strain gauge (inkjet printed across the fixed end of the cantilever). The resonant operating mode of the sensor confers intrinsic robustness against instabilities of the strain sensor structure (e.g., the residual stress of the cantilever beam), the target mass material and the magnet–coil distance. The latter indeed changes as a function of the target mass values. The friction-less actuation mode is another shortcoming of the sensor, as well as the low-cost feature arising from the adopted technology. As far as we know, the solution proposed is the first example of a low-cost fully printed mass sensor. The operating range of the device is 0–0.36 g while its resolution is in the order of 1.0 mg, thus addressing crucial application fields. A Q factor around 35 has been estimated, which confirms the suitable performances of the sensor in term of selectivity and resolution.

scholarly journals A Low Cost Inkjet-Printed Mass Sensor Using a Frequency Readout Strategy

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4878
Author(s):  
Bruno Andò ◽  
Salvatore Baglio ◽  
Vincenzo Marletta ◽  
Ruben Crispino
Keyword(s):  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Strain Sensor ◽  
Mass Sensor ◽  
Mass Sensors ◽  
Target Mass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Planar Coil ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Actuation Mode

The development of low-cost mass sensors is of unique interest for the scientific community due to the wide range of fields requiring these kind of devices. In this paper, a full inkjet-printed mass sensor is proposed. The device is based on a PolyEthylene Terephthalate (PET) cantilever beam (operating in its first natural frequency) where a strain-sensor and a planar coil have been realized by a low-cost InkJet Printing technology to implement the sensing and actuation strategies, respectively. The frequency readout strategy of the sensor presents several advantages, such as the intrinsic robustness against instabilities of the strain sensor, the residual stress of the cantilever beam, the target mass material, and the distance between the permanent magnet and the actuation coil (which changes as a function of the target mass values). However, the frictionless actuation mode represents another shortcoming of the sensor. The paper describes the sensor design, realization, and characterization while investigating its expected behavior by exploiting dedicate models. The working span of the device is 0–0.36 g while its resolution is in the order of 0.001 g, thus addressing a wide range of potential applications requiring very accurate mass measurements within a narrow operating range.

Programmable Integrated Photonics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Capmany ◽  
Daniel Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
External Control ◽  
Integrated Photonics ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuit ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Application Fields

Programmable Integrated Photonics (PIP) is a new paradigm that aims at designing common integrated optical hardware configurations, which by suitable programming can implement a variety of functionalities that, in turn, can be exploited as basic operations in many application fields. Programmability enables by means of external control signals both chip reconfiguration for multifunction operation as well as chip stabilization against non-ideal operation due to fluctuations in environmental conditions and fabrication errors. Programming also allows activating parts of the chip, which are not essential for the implementation of a given functionality but can be of help in reducing noise levels through the diversion of undesired reflections. After some years where the Application Specific Photonic Integrated Circuit (ASPIC) paradigm has completely dominated the field of integrated optics, there is an increasing interest in PIP justified by the surge of a number of emerging applications that are and will be calling for true flexibility, reconfigurability as well as low-cost, compact and low-power consuming devices. This book aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to this emergent field covering aspects that range from the basic aspects of technologies and building photonic component blocks to the design alternatives and principles of complex programmable photonics circuits, their limiting factors, techniques for characterization and performance monitoring/control and their salient applications both in the classical as well as in the quantum information fields. The book concentrates and focuses mainly on the distinctive features of programmable photonics as compared to more traditional ASPIC approaches.

Characteristics of Stress Distribution of Micro-Cantilever of Polycrystalline Copper at the Pull-in Voltage

2013 ◽  
Vol 300-301 ◽  
pp. 1309-1312
Author(s):  
Ji Long Su ◽  
Yan Jiao Zhang ◽  
Xing Feng Lian
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Polycrystalline Copper ◽  
Maximum Deflection ◽  
Micro Cantilever ◽  
Fixed End ◽  
The Relationship

The Ansys simulate software is utilized to analyze pull-in voltages and stresses of the fixed end of micro- cantilever beam with different thicknesses respectively. Based on the analysis of the electrostatic force at the pull-in voltage, the stress of fixed end of micro-beam and the maximum deflection are obtained. The relationship between the stress of fixed end and thickness is established. The results show that the mutation thickness of the stress and the pull-in voltage are at and respectively , it is consistent with the intrinsic size of the polycrystalline copper micro-beam.

A Mechatronic Approach to Compact Fluid Disc Valve Design

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
G A Parker ◽  
Y B Sun
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Valve Design ◽  
Electromagnetic Characteristics ◽  
High Control ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Pilot Valve

The work presented in this paper deals mainly with a mechatronic approach to compact disc valve design and concentrates on improvements to the disc valve electromagnetic characteristics, the diaphragm design and the dynamic performance. A novel diaphragm-disc force motor has been successfully developed incorporating a pair of permanent ring magnets. It has the advantages of low electric power consumption at the null position, dual-lane electrical structure for fail-safe operation, high control accuracy and should be competitive with existing torque motors due to its low cost and simple construction. The research involved designing and testing a prototype disc pilot valve with a dual-lane operating mode. The test results showed that the valve has satisfactory static and dynamic characteristics for industrial applications.

Green Communication Infrastructure (GCI) Serving Different Smart City Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qutaiba I. Ali ◽  
Issam Jafar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
System Level ◽  
Green Communication ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Application Fields

Aims: The aim of the Green Communication Infrastructure ‎‎(GCI) project is to understand the idea of a self ‎‎"sustainably" controlled correspondence foundation ‎fitting for smart city application fields. ‎ Background: This paper shows the endeavors to understand the idea of a ‎self "sustainably" energized communication foundation ‎fitting for smart city application fields. The recommended ‎Green Communication Infrastructure (CGI) comprises ‎different kinds of remote settled (or even versatile) hubs ‎performing diverse activities as per the application ‎requests. An imperative class of these hubs is the Wireless ‎Solar Router (WSR). Objective: The work in this venture was begun in 2009 with the aim ‎of demonstrating the essential advances that must be taken to ‎accomplish such framework and to proclaim the value of ‎embracing natural vitality assets in building mission ‎basic frameworks. Alternate destinations of this venture ‎are introducing a sensibly cost, solid, verified, and simple ‎to introduce correspondence foundation.‎ Method: The arrangement to actualize the GCI was accomplished ‎subsequent to passing two structure levels: device level and ‎system level. Result: The suggested system is highly applicable and serves a wide ‎range of smart city application fields and hence many ‎people and organizations can utilize this system. ‎ Conclusion: The presence of a reliable, secured, low cost, easy to install ‎and self-powered communication infrastructure is ‎mandatory in our nowadays. The communities in ‎developing countries or in rural areas need such a system ‎highly in order to communicate with other people in the ‎world which will affect positively their social and ‎economic situation.

Stiffened Hangers: an Often Overlooked Tool for Conceptual Design of Tied-Arch Footbridges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Jorquera-Lucerga ◽  
Juan Manuel GARCÍA-GUERRERO
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Arch Bridges ◽  
Fixed End

<p>In tied-arch bridges, the way the arch and the deck are connected may become crucial. The deck is usually suspended from hangers made out of steel pinned cables capable of resisting axial forces only. However, a proper structural response, (both in-plane and out-of-plane) may be ensured by fixing and stiffening the hangers in order to resist, additionally, shear forces and bending moments. This paper studies the effect of different pinned and stiffened hanger arrangements on the structural behavior of the tied-arch footbridges, with the intention of providing designers with useful tools at the early steps of design. As a major conclusion, regarding the in-plane behavior, hangers composed of cables (either with vertical, Nielsen-Löhse or network arrangements) are recommended due to its low cost and ease of erection. Alternatively, longitudinally stiffened hangers, fixed at both ends, can be used. Regarding the out-of-plane behavior, and in addition to three-dimensional arrangements of cables, of limited effectiveness, transversally stiffened hangers fixed at both ends are the most efficient arrangement. A configuration almost as efficient can be achieved by locating a hinge at the end corresponding to the most flexible structural element (normally the arch). Its efficiency is further improved if the cross-section tapers from the fixed end to the pinned end.</p>

An Improved Passive Anti-Islanding Technique for Distributed-Generation Photovoltaic Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 995-999
Author(s):  
Shao Ru Zhang ◽  
Shao Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Detection Zone ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Frequency Detection ◽  
Grid Connected Inverter ◽  
Passive Techniques

Islanding detection techniques for DGPV are employed in order to determine the status of the electrical grid. In fact, the grid-connected inverter must be stopped once the islanding operating mode is detected according to standards and grid-code limits. Passive anti-islanding techniques monitor grid parameters to detect islanding. One advantage of passive techniques is a lower THD injected into the grid by active techniques. Thus, passive techniques were studied and an improved passive detection technique was proposed in this paper. The ratio of phase variation and the voltage variation at the point of common coupling (PCC) was adopted to detect islanding. In addition, this method combined with the under/over voltage detection and the under/over frequency detection. Then, the proposed technique not only has the merit of low cost and easy to operate, but also has multiple judgment and high reliability. The simulation results under Matlab/Simulink show that the proposed technique is very effective in reducing the non-detection zone and that the islanding operation can be detected more rapidly and effectively than traditional passive techniques, and that it can not misjudge when the load reduce suddenly.

scholarly journals On Using Inertial Measurement Units for Solving the Direct Kinematics Problem of Parallel Mechanisms

Robotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Stefan Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Parallel Mechanisms ◽  
Inertial Measurement Units ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Sensor Structure ◽  
Prismatic Joints ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Linear Actuators ◽  
Achievable Accuracy ◽  
Direct Kinematics

In this paper, we investigate the accuracy and the computational efficiency of an IMU-based approach for solving the direct kinematics problem of parallel mechanisms with length-variable linear actuators under dynamic conditions. By avoiding to measure the linear actuators’ lengths and by using orientations instead, a comprehensive, low-cost sensor structure can be obtained that provides a unique solution for the direct kinematics problem. As a representative example, we apply our approach to the planar 3-RPR parallel mechanism, where P denotes active prismatic joints and R denotes passive revolute joints, and investigate the achievable accuracy and robustness on a specially designed experimental device. In this context, we also investigate the effect of sensor fusion on the achievable accuracy and compare our results with those obtained from linear actuators’ lengths when the Newton-Raphson algorithm is used to compute the manipulator platform’s pose iteratively. Finally, we discuss the applicability of inertial measurement units (IMUs) for solving the direct kinematics problem of parallel mechanisms.

Growth and processing of heteroepitaxial 3C-SiC films for electronic devices applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Severino ◽  
M. Mauceri ◽  
R. Anzalone ◽  
A. Canino ◽  
N. Piluso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Interesting Property ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Sic Films

ABSTRACT3C-SiC is very attractive due the chance to be grown on large-area, low-cost Si substrates. Moreover, 3C-SiC has higher channel electron mobility with respect to 4H-SiC, interesting property in MOSFET applications. Other application fields where 3C-SiC can play a significant role are solar cells and MEMS-based sensors. In this work, we present a general overview of 3C-SiC growth on Si substrate. The influence of growth parameters, such as the growth rate, on the crystal quality of 3C-SiC films is discussed. The main issue for 3C-SiC development is the reduction of the stacking fault density, which shows an exponential decreasing trend with the film thickness tending to a saturation value of about 1000 cm-1. Some aspect of processing will be also faced with the realization of cantilever for Young modulus calculations and the implantation of Al ions for the study of damaging and recovery of the 3C-SiC crystal.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Ka-Band Cloud Radar System for Distributed Measurements within the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3965
Author(s):  
Roberto Aguirre ◽  
Felipe Toledo ◽  
Rafael Rodríguez ◽  
Roberto Rondanelli ◽  
Nicolas Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Ka Band ◽  
Range Resolution ◽  
Cloud Radar ◽  
Marine Stratus ◽  
Application Fields

Radars are used to retrieve physical parameters related to clouds and fog. With these measurements, models can be developed for several application fields such as climate, agriculture, aviation, energy, and astronomy. In Chile, coastal fog and low marine stratus intersect the coastal topography, forming a thick fog essential to sustain coastal ecosystems. This phenomenon motivates the development of cloud radars to boost scientific research. In this article, we present the design of a Ka-band cloud radar and the experiments that prove its operation. The radar uses a frequency-modulated continuous-wave with a carrier frequency of 38 GHz. By using a drone and a commercial Lidar, we were able to verify that the radar can measure reflectivities in the order of −60 dBZ at 500 m of distance, with a range resolution of 20 m. The lower needed range coverage imposed by our case of study enabled a significant reduction of the instrument cost compared to existent alternatives. The portability and low-cost of the designed instrument enable its implementation in a distributed manner along the coastal mountain range, as well as its use in medium-size aerial vehicles or balloons to study higher layers. The main features, limitations, and possible improvements to the current instrument are discussed.

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