scholarly journals Associations of Residential Greenness with Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Uyghur Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5131
Author(s):  
Shujun Fan ◽  
Zhenxiang Xue ◽  
Jun Yuan ◽  
Ziyan Zhou ◽  
Yuzhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lower Odds Ratio

Greenness exposure is nominated as a potential beneficial factor for health, but evidence is limited on its diabetes effects. We conducted a cross-sectional study between May and September 2016 in rural areas of northwestern China, including 4670 Uyghur adults, to explore the associations between residential greenness and fasting glucose levels and diabetes prevalence. Fasting glucose levels were determined, and information on covariates was collected by questionnaire. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) were calculated to assess greenness levels. Generalized linear mixed models were applied to evaluate the associations of greenness with fasting glucose levels and diabetes prevalence. The prevalence of diabetes was 11.6%. We found that living in rural areas characterized by increased amounts of greenness was associated with reduced diabetes prevalence (e.g., NDVI1000m: OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86, 0.99). Stratified analyses showed that the protective effects of greenness on diabetes prevalence were found only in women (NDVI1000m: OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82, 0.99). However, none of the interaction was statistically significant. Our study suggests that greater residential greenness levels were associated with a lower odds ratio of diabetes prevalence in Xinjiang Uyghur adults. Further well-designed longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Associations between residential greenness and self-reported heart disease in Sri Lankan men: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252382
Author(s):  
J. Padmaka Silva ◽  
Ankur Singh ◽  
Brian Oldenburg ◽  
Wasantha Gunathunga ◽  
A. M. A. A. P. Alagiyawanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major contributors to morbidity and mortality in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). Features of the natural environment, such as greenness, are a potential, modifiable determinant of CVD, yet there is a lack of evidence, particularly in LMICs. Our study investigated associations between residential greenness, measured using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and self-reported heart disease in 5268 Sri Lankan men aged 34 to 55 years. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to examine associations between mean NDVI within 100 m, 400 m, 800 m, 1600 m, and 2000 m of the residential address, adjusting for age, marital status, income, education, alcohol consumption, smoking and road length. Fully adjusted models showed that a 0.1 increase in mean NDVI was associated with lower odds of heart disease when using the 400 m (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.00), 800 m (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.14), and 2000 m (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.13) buffers. Further research in different contexts, and with improved outcome measures, is needed to confirm relationships between residential greenness and heart disease in rural areas and in LMICs.

scholarly journals Impaired Fasting Glucose in Nondiabetic Range: Is It a Marker of Cardiovascular Risk Factor Clustering?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Valentino ◽  
Verónica Kramer ◽  
Lorena Orellana ◽  
María José Bustamante ◽  
Cinthia Casasbellas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
And Gender

Background. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) through the nondiabetic range (100–125 mg/dL) is not considered in the cardiovascular (CV) risk profile. Aim. To compare the clustering of CV risk factors (RFs) in nondiabetic subjects with normal fasting glucose (NFG) and IFG. Material and Methods. Cross-sectional study in 3739 nondiabetic subjects. Demographics, medical history, and CV risk factors were collected and lipid profile, fasting glucose levels (FBG), C-reactive protein (hsCRP), blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements, and aerobic capacity were determined. Results. 559 (15%) subjects had IFG: they had a higher mean age, BMI, waist circumference, non-HDL cholesterol, BP, and hsCRP (p<0.0001) and lower HDL (p<0.001) and aerobic capacity (p<0.001). They also had a higher prevalence of hypertension (34% versus 25%; p<0.001), dyslipidemia (79% versus 74%; p<0.001), and obesity (29% versus 16%; p<0.001) and a higher Framingham risk score (8% versus 6%; p<0.001). The probability of presenting 3 or more CV RFs adjusted by age and gender was significantly higher in the top quintile of fasting glucose (≥98 mg/dL; OR = 2.02; 1.62–2.51). Conclusions. IFG in the nondiabetic range is associated with increased cardiovascular RF clustering.

scholarly journals Residential proximity to livestock farms is associated with a lower prevalence of atopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floor Borlée ◽  
C Joris Yzermans ◽  
Esmeralda J M Krop ◽  
Catharina B M Maassen ◽  
François G Schellevis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Residential Proximity ◽  
Livestock Farms

ObjectivesExposure to farm environments during childhood and adult life seems to reduce the risk of atopic sensitisation. Most studies have been conducted among farmers, but people living in rural areas may have similar protective effects for atopy. This study aims to investigate the association between residential proximity to livestock farms and atopy among non-farming adults living in a rural area in the Netherlands.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among 2443 adults (20–72 years). Atopy was defined as specific IgE to common allergens and/or total IgE ≥100 IU/mL. Residential proximity to livestock farms was assessed as 1) distance to the nearest pig, poultry, cattle or any farm, 2) number of farms within 500 m and 1000 m, and 3) modelled annual average fine dust emissions from farms within 500 m and 1000 m. Data were analysed with multiple logistic regression and generalised additive models.ResultsThe prevalence of atopy was 29.8%. Subjects living at short distances from farms (<327 m, first tertile) had a lower odds for atopy compared with subjects living further away (>527 m, third tertile) (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.98). Significant associations in the same direction were found with distance to the nearest pig or cattle farm. The associations between atopy and livestock farm exposure were somewhat stronger in subjects who grew up on a farm.ConclusionsLiving in close proximity to livestock farms seems to protect against atopy. This study provides evidence that protective effects of early-life and adult farm exposures may extend beyond farming populations.

scholarly journals Do Exposures to Green Space Reduce the Risk of Hypertension?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jiang ◽  
Gongbo Chen ◽  
Baojing Li ◽  
Yuanan Lu ◽  
Yuming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central China ◽  
Mixed Linear Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standardized Protocol

Abstract Background: Few epidemiological research examined the effects of greenness on cardiovascular diseases in developing countries. We aimed to explore the relationships between green space and hypertension and blood pressure in China.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 39, 259 adults from five counties in central China. Blood pressure measurements were performed according to a standardized protocol. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) was used to assess the exposure to greenness. We used mixed linear models to test greenspace-cardiovascular disease outcome pathways.Results: Higher green space was related to decreased hypertension prevalence and blood pressure. After fully adjusting the covariates, each interquartile range increase in NDVI500m and EVI500m were related to an 8% decrease in odds of hypertension. The changes in SBP and DBP (95% CI) were - 0.88 mm Hg (- 1.17, - 0.58) and - 0.64 mm Hg (- 0.82, - 0.46) for NDVI, and - 0.79 mm Hg (- 1.14, - 0.45) and - 0.67 mm Hg (- 0.87, - 0.46) for EVI, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that the effects of green space were more pronounced in males, smokers, and drinkers.Conclusions: The effects of green space may reduce the risk of hypertension. Also, behavioral factors may affect this potential pathway.

scholarly journals Trends in diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment, control in Yangon, Myanmar between 2004-2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
W P Aung ◽  
E Bjertness ◽  
H Stigum ◽  
A S Htet ◽  
M K Kjøllesdal
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background In 2004, a survey in Yangon Region was conducted as the first STEP survey in Myanmar, which was repeated in 2014, assessing diabetes prevalence. Whether there have been any changes over time in the awareness, treatment and control status of diabetes is not known. The study aimed to assess changes in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes from 2004 to 2014, among adults in Yangon region. Methods The study was conducted in urban and rural areas of Yangon region, Myanmar, using two cross-sectional household based studies, in accordance with World Health Organization STEPS methodology. Men and women aged 25-74 years old participated in the studies (n = 4448 in 2004) and (n = 1372 in 2014). Logistic and linear regression were performed and outcome variables were diabetes and fasting plasma glucose. Results The overall age-standardized prevalence of diabetes were 8.3% (95% CI 6.5-10.6) in 2004 and 10.2% (7.6-13.6) in 2014 (p = 0.296). The diabetes prevalence increased from 2004 to 2014 only among participants aged ≥60 years, from 14.6% (11.7-18.1) to 31.9% (21.1-45.0) (p = 0.009). Awareness of having diabetes increased between 2004 and 2014 (44.3% (39.2, 49.6) to 69.4% (62.9-75.2)) (p &lt; 0.001). Among participants who were aware of having diabetes, the proportion under treatment had increased between 2004 and 2014 from 55.1% (46.8-63.1) to 68.6% (61.5-74.8) (p = 0.015). There were no increase between 2004 and 2014 in the proportion of participants with controlled diabetes. After adjustments for age, sex and education, mean fasting plasma glucose levels in 2014 was 0.56 mmol/l (0.26-0.84) higher than in 2004. Conclusions The studies to monitor the development of diabetes prevalence in Myanmar are needed. Preventive measures to halt increases prevalence, to increase the detection rate of undiagnosed DM also treatment rate and to help people with diabetes to control their situation are needed. Key messages Mean plasma glucose levels were higher in 2014 than in 2004, but an increase in DM prevalence during this period was seen only among the oldest participants. The proportion of women being aware of having DM, as well as the proportion under treatment for most groups, had increased, however not the proportion under control.

scholarly journals The Status of Cardiovascular Health in Rural and Urban Areas of Janow Lubelski District in Eastern Poland: a Population-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Józef Nowicki ◽  
Barbara Ślusarska ◽  
Honorata Piasecka ◽  
Agnieszka Bartoszek ◽  
Katarzyna Kocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels

Perfect cardiovascular health (CVH) has been defined by the American Heart Association as the lack of cardiovascular disease and the presence of seven key factors and health behaviors. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of ideal and poor CVH among the Polish adult population, taking the chosen socio-demographic factors into consideration. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 3,901 adults without cardiovascular diseases, aged between 35 and 64 years. Participants completed a questionnaire, and they had anthropometric and physiological measurements taken. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting glucose and cholesterol levels. Ideal CVH was found in 5.4% of the participants, with the advantage of being toward city dwellers over those living in the rural areas (6.3% vs. 5.0%) p = 0.02. In case of the residents of rural areas, their likelihood of having an ideal body mass index (BMI) was found to be 22% lower (odds ratio (OR) = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66&ndash;0.92), their likelihood of having an ideal diet was found to be 27% lower (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54&ndash;0.94), their likelihood of having perfect blood pressure was found to be 29% lower (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56&ndash;0.89), and their likelihood of having the perfect glucose levels were found to be 28% lower (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63&ndash;0.84), than the residents of urban areas. The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular behaviors and factors is lower in the rural community compared with people living in the city. Results indicate that more effort should be dedicated toward the country&rsquo;s health policy, specifically concerning primary prevention. Preventive actions in the field of cardiovascular disease should be addressed to the residents of rural areas to a larger extent.

scholarly journals Interaction between sex and rurality on the prevalence of diabetes in Guyana: a nationally representative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001349
Author(s):  
Calvin Ke ◽  
Shamdeo Persaud ◽  
Kavita Singh ◽  
Brian Ostrow ◽  
Gerald Lebovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Testing ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Nationally Representative

IntroductionDiabetes prevalence has never been measured in Guyana. We conducted a nationally representative cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes, and the association between sex and diabetes.Research design and methodsIn 2016, the Ministry of Public Health led Guyana’s first national STEPS survey among adults aged 18–69 years. Half of the participants were randomly selected for hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood glucose testing. We estimated the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes and measured the association between sex and diabetes prevalence using logistic regression to compute adjusted ORs.ResultsWe included 805 adults (511 women, 294 men, mean age 41.8 (SD 14.4) years). The national prevalence of diabetes was 18.1% (95% CI: 15.4% to 20.8%), with higher rates among women (21.4%, 95% CI: 18.0% to 24.7%) than men (15.1%, 95% CI: 10.9% to 19.3%). Sex-specific diabetes prevalence varied significantly across urban and rural areas (p=0.002 for interaction). In rural areas, diabetes was twice as common among women (24.1%, 95% CI: 20.1% to 28.2%) compared with men (11.8%, 95% CI: 7.7% to 15.9%). After adjusting for prespecified covariates, rural women had double the odds of diabetes compared with rural men (OR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.20 to 3.82). This prevalence pattern was reversed in urban areas (diabetes prevalence, women: 13.9%, 95% CI: 8.7% to 19.0%; men: 22.0%, 95% CI: 12.9% to 31.1%), with urban women having half the odds of diabetes compared with urban men (OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.99). We estimated that nearly one-third of women and over a quarter of men had diabetes or pre-diabetes.ConclusionsThe burden of diabetes in Guyana is considerably higher than previously estimated, with an unexpectedly high prevalence among women—particularly in rural areas.

scholarly journals Associations of exposure to green space with problem behaviours in preschool-aged children

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 944-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiang Liao ◽  
Shaoping Yang ◽  
Wei Xia ◽  
Anna Peng ◽  
Jinzhu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Behavioural Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Problem Behaviours

Abstract Background Limited evidence is available regarding the association of green-space exposure with childhood behavioural development. This study aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to green space with multiple syndromes of behavioural development in preschool children. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Wuhan, China from April 2016 to June 2018. We recruited a sample of 6039 children aged 5–6 years from 17 kindergartens located in five urban districts of the city. We measured the greenness using average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within a circular buffer area of 100 metres surrounding the central point of residences and kindergartens. We calculated the residence–kindergarten-weighted greenness by assuming that children spent 16 hours per day at home and 8 hours at kindergarten. The problem behaviours of children were evaluated at kindergarten using the Childhood Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and standardized into problem behavioural T scores. Linear mixed-effect models and linear-regression models were used to estimate the associations. Results We observed decreases in problem behaviours associated with kindergarten and residence–kindergarten-weighted surrounding greenness in preschool children. For example, a one-interquartile range increase in kindergarten and residence–kindergarten-weighted NDVI was associated with decreased T scores for total behaviour by −0.61 [95% confidence interval (CI): −1.09, −0.13) and −0.49 (95% CI −0.85, −0.12), anxiety and depression by −0.65 (95% CI: −1.13, −0.17) and −0.46 (95% CI: −0.82, −0.10), aggressive behaviour by −0.53 (95% CI: −1.01, −0.05) and −0.38 (95% CI: −0.75, −0.02) and hyperactivity and attention deficit by −0.54 (95% CI: −1.01, −0.07) and −0.48 (95% CI: −0.83, −0.12), respectively. Stratified analyses indicated that the associations of green-space exposure with problem behaviours were stronger in boys than in girls. Conclusions Children attending kindergartens with higher levels of surrounding green space exhibited better behavioural development. The mechanisms underlying these associations should be explored further.

Prevalence of Trichomonas Vaginalis and its Correlation with Socio-demographic Variables in Pregnant Women in Al-Diwaniya,Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiren Ali Al Hamzawi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Low Education

Estimates of Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence in pregnant women are variable with few studies in Iraq.T. vaginalis is a worldwide prevalent sexually transmitted infection,but fortunately,it is very treatable. Researchers believed that pregnancy is one of the effective factors for T. vaginalis infection in women.A cross-sectional study performed in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniya city on two hundred female pregnant patients between the ages of 16-45 years. These females had no intercourse for 2–3 days,not using drugs (antibiotics,antiprotozoal or steroids) for the last 15 days. Vaginal discharges of any type with or without itching,burning sensation or both were their main complaints. Vaginal swabs were taken from all participating patients for direct wet mount microscopy and culture for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. The study showed that twelve out of two hundred examined pregnant women (6%) presented with T. vaginalis infection. The infection was more in those with mothers’ age (26-35) years,housewives,low education,higher parity,and of rural residents. Other maternal variables were not significantly associated with T. vaginalis infection. The study showed a prevalence of (6%) of T. vaginalis infection in pregnant female attendees. Infection was more in those with mothers ’age (26-35) years,housewives,low educational level,higher parity,and living in rural areas.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Confidence and Preparedness in Paramedics in Metropolitan, Regional, and Rural Australia to Manage Mental-Health-Related Presentations: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1882
Author(s):  
Kate Emond ◽  
Melanie Bish ◽  
Michael Savic ◽  
Dan I. Lubman ◽  
Terence McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Manage Mental ◽  
Manage Mental Health

Mental-health-related presentations account for a considerable proportion of the paramedic’s workload in prehospital care. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the perceived confidence and preparedness of paramedics in Australian metropolitan and rural areas to manage mental-health-related presentations. Overall, 1140 paramedics were surveyed. Pearson chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to compare categorical variables by sex and location of practice; continuous variables were compared using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Perceived confidence and preparedness were each modelled in multivariable ordinal regressions. Female paramedics were younger with higher qualifications but were less experienced than their male counterparts. Compared to paramedics working in metropolitan regions, those working in rural and regional areas were generally older with fewer qualifications and were significantly less confident and less prepared to manage mental health presentations (p = 0.001). Compared to male paramedics, females were less confident (p = 0.003), although equally prepared (p = 0.1) to manage mental health presentations. These results suggest that higher qualifications from the tertiary sector may not be adequately preparing paramedics to manage mental health presentations, which signifies a disparity between education provided and workforce preparedness. Further work is required to address the education and training requirements of paramedics in regional and rural areas to increase confidence and preparedness in managing mental health presentations.

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