scholarly journals The Relationship between the Migrant Population’s Migration Network and the Risk of COVID-19 Transmission in China—Empirical Analysis and Prediction in Prefecture-Level Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenjing Fan ◽  
Tianmin Cai ◽  
Zhenyu Gai ◽  
Yuerong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Migration Network

The outbreak of COVID-19 in China has attracted wide attention from all over the world. The impact of COVID-19 has been significant, raising concerns regarding public health risks in China and worldwide. Migration may be the primary reason for the long-distance transmission of the disease. In this study, the following analyses were performed. (1) Using the data from the China migrant population survey in 2017 (Sample size = 432,907), a matrix of the residence–birthplace (R-B matrix) of migrant populations is constructed. The matrix was used to analyze the confirmed cases of COVID-19 at Prefecture-level Cities from February 1–15, 2020 after the outbreak in Wuhan, by calculating the probability of influx or outflow migration. We obtain a satisfactory regression analysis result (R2 = 0.826–0.887, N = 330). (2) We use this R-B matrix to simulate an outbreak scenario in 22 immigrant cities in China, and propose risk prevention measures after the outbreak. If similar scenarios occur in the cities of Wenzhou, Guangzhou, Dongguan, or Shenzhen, the disease transmission will be wider. (3) We also use a matrix to determine that cities in Henan province, Anhui province, and Municipalities (such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing) in China will have a high risk level of disease carriers after a similar emerging epidemic outbreak scenario due to a high influx or outflow of migrant populations.

scholarly journals Sheep scab spatial distribution: the roles of transmission pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Joanne Nixon ◽  
Ellen Brooks-Pollock ◽  
Richard Wall
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Psoroptes Ovis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sheep Scab ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Ovine psoroptic mange (sheep scab) is a highly pathogenic contagious infection caused by the mite Psoroptes ovis. Following 21 years in which scab was eradicated in the UK, it was inadvertently reintroduced in 1972 and, despite the implementation of a range of control methods, its prevalence increased steadily thereafter. Recent reports of resistance to macrocyclic lactone treatments may further exacerbate control problems. A better understanding of the factors that facilitate its transmission are required to allow improved management of this disease. Transmission of infection occurs within and between contiguous sheep farms via infected sheep-to-sheep or sheep–environment contact and through long-distance movements of infected sheep, such as through markets. Methods A stochastic metapopulation model was used to investigate the impact of different transmission routes on the spatial pattern of outbreaks. A range of model scenarios were considered following the initial infection of a cluster of highly connected contiguous farms. Results Scab spreads between clusters of neighbouring contiguous farms after introduction but when long-distance movements are excluded, infection then self-limits spatially at boundaries where farm connectivity is low. Inclusion of long-distance movements is required to generate the national patterns of disease spread observed. Conclusions Preventing the movement of scab infested sheep through sales and markets is essential for any national management programme. If effective movement control can be implemented, regional control in geographic areas where farm densities are high would allow more focussed cost-effective scab management. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals The Impact of the Direct Participation of Workers on the Rates of Absenteeism in the Spanish Labor Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Payá Castiblanque
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Direct Participation ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Transversal Study

The aim of this research was to study the relationship between the different levels of direct participation of workers (passive, consultative or active-delegated) in risk prevention management with the levels of absenteeism in Spain. To this end, a transversal study was carried out using microdata from the Second European Survey of Companies on New and Emerging Risks (ESENER-2-Spain, 2014) with a master population of 3162 work centres. A multinomial logistic regression model was carried out, with the dependent variable being the levels of absenteeism and the independent variables, the participation indicators and preventive management, calculating the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) between all the independent and control variables, with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% IC). The results obtained showed how the active-delegative participation of workers in the design and adoption of psychosocial risk prevention measures reported 2.33 less probabilities of having a very high or fairly high level of absenteeism (aOR = 0.43; 95%IC:0.27–0.69). However, having documented aspects of preventive management (plan, risk assessment, planning measures) did not have any impact on absenteeism levels, which shows that we can fall into an unrealistic institutional mirage of security with active policies of co-education or co-management being necessary to reduce absenteeism.

scholarly journals Peran Media Sosial Bagi Suami Istri dalam Menjalani Hubungan Pernikahan Jarak Jauh

AL-HUKAMA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-479
Author(s):  
Maulidia Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Marital Relationship ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Marital Relationships ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In the present time the impact of technological progress can be felt in many aspects of life, including marriage. The progress of the development of communication technology has made it easy to communicate specifically for married couples who are undergoing long-distance marital relationships, so that the relationship is maintained and harmonious. Social media is now used as a tool for communication, for example WhatsApp, Line, Facebook, or Instagram. All of those media are used because of their speed in conveying messages, so that long-distance couples can still communicate well and quickly. In a marital relationship, of course, there are fulfillments of rights and obligations. These fulfillments can still be fulfilled through social media, but they are not as maximized as when dealing directly.

scholarly journals Australian prison vocational education and training and returns to custody among male and female ex-prisoners: A cross-jurisdictional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Cale ◽  
Andrew Day ◽  
Sharon Casey ◽  
David Bright ◽  
Jo Wodak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

The current study examined the impact of vocational education and training in the custody setting on returns to custody among Australian adult prisoners from selected jurisdictions. Vocational education and training, education, and behavioural change programme participation in custody and demographic and risk assessment data were provided by correctional services in four Australian states for 10,834 Australian prisoners released from custody in 2010–2011. This information was used to predict returns to custody by 2015–2016. Overall, the results showed that participating in vocational education and training in custody contributed to the likelihood of remaining custody free at two and five years post-release for both male and female prisoners. However, for males the relationship was moderated by risk level. These findings are discussed in the context of developing vocational education and training in prison settings to address the specific needs of individuals and expectation of the wider community.

scholarly journals Environmental factors and cardiovascular diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Aleksey M. Chaulin ◽  
Dmitry V. Duplyakov
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. New advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as practice shows, are not able to significantly improve the statistical indicators of morbidity and mortality of CVD. This fact indicates that there are additional factors and mechanisms that are important to consider, both for prevention and for the most optimal management of patients. Recently, the relationship between environmental and lifestyle factors with CVD has been actively studied. However, despite understanding the relationship between environmental factors and various diseases, including CVD, the mechanisms by which specific factors increase or decrease the risk of developing CVD are not yet fully understood, and a number of studies are contradictory. The aim of our work was to generalize existing data on the impact of such critical environmental factors as air pollution and solar insolation on the cardiovascular system, as well as to comprehensively discuss the mechanisms by which these environmental factors can participate in the development and progression of CVD. To achieve our work’s goal, we analyzed modern foreign literature using the PubMed database. Conclusion. According to numerous experimental and clinical studies, air pollution and solar insolation deficiency play an essential role in developing CVD and the aggravation of patients with various CVD (atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke). Thus, air pollution and lack of solar insolation can be considered as critical risk factors for CVD. Future research should focus on the study and establishment of specific pathogenetic mechanisms by which environmental factors affect the cardiovascular system’s health to develop effective treatment and prevention measures.

scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of Nationwide BCG Vaccine Recommendations on COVID-19 Transmission, Severity, and Mortality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita H Shah ◽  
Ankush Suthar ◽  
Moksha H Satia ◽  
Yash Shah ◽  
Nehal Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Recommendations ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 was declared as pandemic on 11th March 2020 by WHO. There are apparent dissimilarities in incidence and mortality of COVID-19 cases in different parts of world. Developing countries in Asia and Africa with fragile health system have shown lower incidence and mortality compared to developed countries with superior health system in Europe and America. Most countries in Asia and Africa have national BCG vaccination program while Europe and America do not have such program, or have ceased it. At present, there is no known therapy to treat COVID-19 disease. There is no vaccine available currently to prevent COVID- 19 disease. As mathematical modelling is ideal for predicting the rate of disease transmission as well as evaluating efficacy of possible public health prevention measures, we have created a mathematical model with seven compartments to understand nationwide BCG vaccine recommendation on COVID-19 transmission, severity and mortality. We have computed two basic reproduction number, one at vaccine free equilibrium point and other at non-vaccine free equilibrium point and carried out local stability, sensitivity and numerical analysis. Our result showed that individuals with BCG vaccinations have lower risk of getting COVID-19 infection, shorter hospital stays, and increased rate of recovery. Furthermore, countries with long-standing universal BCG vaccination policies have reduced incidence, mortality, and severity of COVID-19. Further research will focus on exploring the immediate benefits of vaccination to healthcare workers and patients as well as benefits of BCG re-vaccination.

scholarly journals Frazil jam risk assessment for water diversion projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengkai Liu ◽  
Jia Yang ◽  
Guanghua Guan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
North Water

Abstract Frazil jams are common ice phenomena in rivers in winter and also threaten the safe operation and limit the water conveyancing efficiency of long-distance canal systems in cold regions. In this paper, based on the canal pool conditions from the Fenzhuanghe sluice to the Beijumahe sluice of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the fault tree principle (FTP) for frazil jam risk assessment are proposed. The risk factors of frazil jams are then identified based on the AHP. Then the probability and consequence severity of frazil jams induced by each risk factor are scored by experts, and the weights of each risk factor are proposed. Finally, risk level and prevention measures are proposed. The results show that there are 20 risk factors for canal frazil jams and the possibility of risk factors is positively correlated with the consequence severity. As yet, experts have not formed a unified view on the frazil jam mechanism of water diversion projects, and the scoring results are highly dependent on expert positions. This paper recommends the FTP as the frazil jam risk evaluation method, and the corresponding frazil jam level of the project is level III.

Trade and Politics in Barotseland during the Kololo Period

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Flint
Keyword(s):  
African History ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of trade to politics has long been a central theme in African history. This paper analyses this relationship in the context of Barotseland during the period of Kololo hegemony (c. 1840–64). The development of long-distance trade in Barotseland is first related, and then followed by a discussion of the impact which trade had upon the politics of the area. The conclusion suggests that the relationship of trade to politics was not only important, but complex as well. Politics affected trade as much as trade affected politics.

scholarly journals Fatigue Risk of Long-Distance Driver as the Impact of the Duration of Work

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Rida Zuraida
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
City Bus ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
The Impact

Studies on the driver's fatigue, must focus on at least two things: the time-of-day that affect by circadian factors, and time-on-task. This paper discusses the risk level of driver fatigue, which generally have to drive in a long duration or more than 4 hours. The risk of fatigue was assessed using Fatigue Likelihood Scoring (FLS) by Transport Canada. Based on interviews with 24 inter-city bus drivers, 18 of the 24 drivers have a very high risk of fatigue that characterized by FLS scores greater than 20, while the rest have a high risk driver that characterized by FLS value greater than 10. A high risk of chronic fatigue that experienced by most of drivers caused by working hours which is more than 36 hours in a week, the duration of the shift of greater than 8 hours a day, lack of time off, the amount hours of driving at night, and the amount of time off.

scholarly journals “The Tragedy of the Commons”: How Individualism and Collectivism Affected the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yossi Maaravi ◽  
Aharon Levy ◽  
Tamar Gur ◽  
Dan Confino ◽  
Sandra Segal
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Exit Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Why did COVID-19 hit some countries harder than others? While this question is usually answered based on demographics (e. g., population age), health policy (e.g., quarantine), or economic factors, we argue that cultural variance across countries is just as crucial in understanding how susceptible a society is to the COVID-19 outbreak. To test this hypothesis, we first analyzed data collected across 69 countries and examined the relationship between culture and the impact of COVID. Next, we conducted two studies to validate our findings further and explore the mechanism at hand. As expected, we found that the more individualistic (vs. collectivistic) a country was, the more COVID-19 cases and mortalities it had. We also found that the more individualistic participants were, the higher the chances they would not adhere to epidemic prevention measures. These findings are important in understanding the spread of the pandemic, devising optimal exit strategies from lockdowns, and persuading the population to get the new vaccine against the virus.

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