The Relationship between Economic Growth and Air Pollution—A Regional Comparison between China and South Korea

This paper analyzes the interaction between regional economic growth and air pollution in China and Korea. The relationship between gross regional product per capita and industrial emission of sulfur dioxide emission is examined at the regional level using simultaneous equation models covering 286 cities in China and 228 cities and counties in South Korea of the period 2006–2016. The results find that regional differences existed in the relationship between air pollution and economic growth in two countries. In both countries, an inverted U-shaped pattern was found in metropolitan areas while a U-shaped pattern of non-metropolitan areas. Although the emissions of pollutants in metropolitan areas of both countries have shown a downward trend in recent years, there is still a large gap between the overall emission levels of China and South Korea. Moreover, the level of pollutant emissions of China’s metropolitan areas is much higher than in non-metropolitan areas, while the opposite result has occurred in Korea. In China, there was an inverted U-shaped relationship of the eastern and northwest region, while U-shaped relationships existed in the southwest, central and northeast regions.

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Decoupling Analysis between Economic Growth and Air Pollution in Key Regions of Air Pollution Control in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6600

Author(s):

Jing Li ◽

Lipeng Hou ◽

Lin Wang ◽

Lina Tang

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Economic Development ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Environmental Policies ◽

River Delta ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

The Relationship ◽

No2 Pollution

The Chinese government has implemented a number of environmental policies to promote the continuous improvement of air quality while considering economic development. Scientific assessment of the impact of environmental policies on the relationship between air pollution and economic growth can provide a scientific basis for promoting the coordinated development of these two factors. This paper uses the Tapio decoupling theory to analyze the relationship between regional economic growth and air pollution in key regions of air pollution control in China—namely, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and surrounding areas (BTHS), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD)—based on data of GDP and the concentrations of SO2, PM10, and NO2 for 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2019. The results show that the SO2, PM10, and NO2 pollution in the key regions show strong and weak decoupling. The findings additionally indicate that government policies have played a significant role in improving the decoupling between air pollution and economic development. The decoupling between economic growth and SO2 and PM10 pollution in the BTHS, YRD, and PRD is better than that in other regions, while the decoupling between economic growth and NO2 pollution has not improved significantly in these regions. To improve the relationship between economic growth and air pollution, we suggest that the governments of China and other developing countries should further optimize and adjust the structure of industry, energy, and transportation; apply more stringent targets and measures in areas of serious air pollution; and strengthen mobile vehicle pollution control.

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Model Persamaan Simultan pada Analisis Hubungan Kemiskian dan PDRB

ComTech Computer Mathematics and Engineering Applications ◽

10.21512/comtech.v5i2.2277 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 810

Author(s):

Rokhana Dwi Bekti ◽

David David ◽

Gita N ◽

Priscillia Priscillia ◽

Serlyana Serlyana

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Least Squares ◽

Least Squares Estimation ◽

Two Stage ◽

Two Stage Least Squares ◽

Regional Product ◽

The Relationship ◽

Simultaneous Model

Simultaneous model is a model for some equation which have simultaneous relationships. It was often found in econometrics, such as the relationship between Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) and poverty. GDP is a common indicator that can be used to determine the economic growth occurred in region. Meanwhile, poverty is one of the indicators to measure the society welfare. Information about these relathionships were important to perform the relathionsips between GDP and poverty. So this research conducted an analysis to obtain simultaneous models between GDRP and poverty. Estimation of the parameters used is Two-Stage Least Squares Estimation (2SLS). The data used are 33 provinces in Indonesia at 2010. By α = 5%, it was conclude that variable which significant effect on GDRP is poverty, export, and import. Meanwhile, the variables that significantly affect poverty are population. The simultaneous model (α = 5%) also conclude that there is no simultaneous relationship between GDRP and poverty. However, with α = 25%, there is a simultaneous relationship between GDRP and poverty.

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The Effect of Investment Efficiency toward Economic Growth in South Sumatera and Jambi Province

Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan ◽

10.29259/jep.v17i2.9399 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 71-80

Author(s):

Feny Marissa ◽

Anna Yulianita ◽

Annisa Fitriyah

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Development Stage ◽

Least Square ◽

Series Data ◽

Investment Efficiency ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Output Ratio ◽

Regional Product ◽

The Relationship

The study aims to measure and compare the efficiency level of investment to boost economic growth in South Sumatera and Jambi Province. This study use quantitative approach with time series data between 2007 to 2016 from the Central Bureau of Statistic (BPS) and publication related to the study. The efficiency of investment was measured by Incremental Capital Output Ratio (ICOR) approach and analyzed using Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The study indicates that (1) the relationship between investment efficiency which measured by ICOR approach and economic growth of each provinces (South Sumatera and Jambi) is negative; (2) this research show that investment efficiency in Jambi Province give more effect to its economic growth than South Sumatera and Jambi Province has grown better than South Sumatera Province in the same development stage without an increase in the proportion of investment to Gross Domestic Regional Product.

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Finance and growth nexus: An international analysis across cities

Urban Studies ◽

10.1177/0042098019889244 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 223-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stefanos Ioannou ◽

Dariusz Wójcik

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Development ◽

Financial Development ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Financial Systems ◽

Financial Centre ◽

National Economies ◽

The Relationship ◽

Stages Of Economic Development

We examine the relationship between finance and economic growth in the metropolitan areas of 75 countries at various stages of economic development in the period 2001–2015. Our analysis demonstrates an inverted-U shaped relationship between finance and growth. This relationship becomes even more significant in the areas of a country outside its largest financial centre, indicating that while these areas can benefit from financial development, they are also the most vulnerable. We show that large financial centres can have an impact on growth across their national economies, but in doing so they complement rather than replace local financial centres. Overall, our results highlight the risks associated with the excesses of financial development and lend evidence to support calls for more decentralised financial systems.

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A Study on the Two-way Causal Relationship Between Industrial Structure Evolution and Economic Growth: Empirical Test Based on 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up in China

Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies ◽

10.1177/0974910119871375 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1-2) ◽

pp. 98-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qingjie Liu ◽

Biliang Hu

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Industrial Structure ◽

Mutual Influence ◽

Empirical Test ◽

Simultaneous Equation ◽

Equation Model ◽

Structure Evolution ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Main Research ◽

The Relationship

The adjustment of industrial structure is an important engine driving the economic growth. The relationship between industrial structure evolution and economic growth is characterized by various stages. The article uses the data of 31 provincial units in China from 1978 to 2016 as a sample, divided into five stages with time as nodes, and takes the rationalization and optimization of industrial structure (OIS) as indicators to measure the adjustment of industrial structure. The main research conclusions are obtained through cointegration test, Granger test and simultaneous equation model. Results indicate that the relationship between OIS and economic growth shows the characteristics of mutual influence, while the rationalization of industrial structure unilaterally affects economic growth. Rationalization of industrial structure has significantly stimulated economic growth, especially in the past 10 years after China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). The stimulating effect of OIS on China’s economic growth has not yet been fully demonstrated. This indicates that the OIS, as a new momentum of economic growth, has not yet been brought into presently in China. Economic growth has a driving effect on the OIS. However, it is only when the economic development enters a relatively mature stage can this driving effect be gradually brought into play.

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Climate Change and Economic Growth: The Role of Environmental Policy Stringency

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11082273 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2273

Author(s):

Enrico Maria de Angelis ◽

Marina Di Giacomo ◽

Davide Vannoni

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Economic Growth ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Negative Externalities ◽

Per Capita ◽

Mitigate Climate Change ◽

The Relationship ◽

Shaped Pattern

The paper investigates the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality in the context of the Kuznets curve, which foresees that growth, while initially causing negative externalities for the environment, eventually can be seen also as the solution to environmental degradation. The novelty of the paper is to analyze the role of environmental policies, and in particular the use of market-based and non-market instruments to challenge the pollution plague and mitigate climate change. The results of fixed effects estimates on a sample of 32 countries observed for the period 1992–2012 show the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and per-capita CO2 emissions for the quadratic specification, as well as of an N-shaped pattern for the cubic specification. Most importantly, the stringency indexes, i.e., the proxies used to account for environmental regulation, exhibit negative and strongly significant coefficients, suggesting that the policies are effective in reducing environmental damages associated with economic growth.

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Regression Linear Model of Air Pollution Emission on the Example of a Waste Incineration Plant

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2020051032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Monika Załuska ◽

Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Environmental Quality ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Incineration Plant ◽

Pollution Emission ◽

Process Waste ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The level of environmental quality is the result of many factors, and the most important of these is human activity. A responsible approach to the environment is looking for methods to eliminate pollution from the environment. Waste incineration is a way to rationally manage and process waste, minimize emissions of air pollutants and ecologically produce heat and electricity. The purpose of this article is to build and analyze a regression model describing the relationship of pollutant emissions to air from waste incineration plants depending on various factors.

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The Relationship between the Physical Growth of the Central City and Metropolitan Socio-Economic Growth in US Metropolitan Areas from 1950 to 2000

Korean Journal of Policy Studies ◽

10.52372/kjps30104 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 89-113

Author(s):

Park Chi Hyoung

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Elasticity Theory ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Central City ◽

Full Range ◽

Physical Growth ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Central Cities ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

The Relationship

This paper examines Rusk's central city elasticity theory that the expansion of central city borders from annexations and consolidations relates to economic growth and development in US metropolitan areas. The theory, as explored and discussed in the literature appeared to lack an adequate and full range of empirical data to deeply or fully understand the relationship between his central city elasticity theory and metropolitan geo- and socio-economic conditions. Two major findings are that: central city elasticity levels are strongly supported over all five dependent variables for metropolitan geo- and socio-economic conditions for the both 92 central and 244 non-central neighboring cities. Accordingly, Rusk's central city elasticity theory that metropolitan socio-economic conditions depend on the growth of central cities is championed. In conclusion, Rusk's central city elasticity theory is an important contribution to explaining the relationship between central and non-central neighboring cities in US metropolitan areas

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Correlation of decentralization and economic growth in the regions of Russia

POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA ◽

10.22394/1818-4049-2020-93-4-74-87 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 74-87

Author(s):

N. Yu. Korotina ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Federal State ◽

Time Interval ◽

Index Method ◽

Regional Component ◽

Regional Product ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Federal Center

The understanding the processes of decentralization of the economy in a federal state as one of the possible sources of economic development. This understanding requires the revision of the implications that the formation and implementation of a policy of relations between the federal center and the regions entails. The goal of our present research is to develop an approach that will help assess the impact of the nature of relations between the federal center and the regions on economic growth. The theoretical and methodological basis of this study is formed by a set of scientific concepts in the field of economic federalism and spatial analysis. Basing on the index method (by determining the values of decentralization of regional incomes and expenditures) and the implementation of positioning, an assessment was made of the relationship between decentralization and economic growth by such a resulting parameter of the development of the territory as the “growth rate of the gross regional product” and the parameter characterizing the development of federalism relations in the country as “the level of economic decentralization”. According of the calculations we prove there is a positive effect of decentralization processes on regional economic growth in the analyzed time interval. There is a greater impact on the processes of decentralization of the indicator of income decentralization compared to the decentralization of expenses. The results of our research can be used in the work of federal authorities in the formation of the regional component of federalism policy. It seems the proposed approach can basis of research related to the determination of the main directions of relations between regions and municipalities.

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Growth, Pollution, and Life Expectancy: China from 1991–2012

The American Economic Review ◽

10.1257/aer.p20151094 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 105 (5) ◽

pp. 226-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Avraham Ebenstein ◽

Maoyong Fan ◽

Michael Greenstone ◽

Guojun He ◽

Peng Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Positive Association ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Negative Association ◽

Particulate Air Pollution ◽

Air Pollution Exposure ◽

Pollution Exposure ◽

The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between income, pollution, and mortality in China from 1991-2012. Using first-difference models, we document a robust positive association between city-level GDP and life expectancy. We also find a negative association between city-level particulate air pollution exposure and life expectancy that is driven by elevated cardiorespiratory mortality rates. The results suggest that while China's unprecedented economic growth over the last two decades is associated with health improvements, pollution has served as a countervailing force.

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