scholarly journals Commuting Accidents among Non-Physician Staff of a Large University Hospital Center from 2012 to 2016: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2982
Author(s):  
Alexandre Ponsin ◽  
Emmanuel Fort ◽  
Martine Hours ◽  
Barbara Charbotel ◽  
Marie-Agnès Denis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Control Study

Road risks (commuting and on-duty accidents) have been responsible for 44% of work-related fatalities compensated by the French system of Social Security in 2012 and still represented 37% in 2018. Our objective was to assess risk factors for commuting accidents among the non-physician staff in a French university hospital. We conducted a case-control study of commuting accidents from 2012 to 2016. Cases were identified and controls were randomly selected from the hospital’s personnel file with matches by year of the accident, gender and age. Risk factors were assessed using conditional logistic regression analysis. An increased risk was observed for 2 × 8 hour shifts, crude OR = 1.40 (95% CI = 1.05–1.86) compared to daytime schedules, but not confirmed in the multiple model. Being a duty officer and not working the day before the accident were associated with increased risk of accidents with adjusted OR = 1.9 (95% CI = 1.1; 3.3) and OR = 1.5, (95% CI = 1.1; 2.1), respectively. The risk increased as the distance between home and work increased, such as adjusted OR = 2.2 (95% CI = 1.4; 3.4) for a distance of >3.6 to 9 km, OR = 2.6, (95% CI = 1.7; 4.0) for a distance of >9 km to 19 km, and OR = 4.2, (95% CI = 2.8; 6.2) for >19 km vs. <3.6 km. The distance between home and work, not working the day before the accident, and certain categories of personnel were related to commuting accidents.

Association between Neuroleptics and Venous Thromboembolism: A Case-Control Study.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2601-2601
Author(s):  
Karine Lacut ◽  
Gregoire Le Gal ◽  
Emmanuel Oger ◽  
Dominique Mottier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Preliminary reports suggest that use of antipsychotic drugs is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but others did not confirm these results. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between antipsychotic drugs and VTE. Design: Case-control study (EDITH) designed to investigate genetic and environmental risk factors of VTE. Setting: Brest University Hospital. Participants: 857 patients consecutively hospitalized for a documented venous thromboembolic event were included between May 2000 and May 2004. Controls were matched on age, sex and the main risk factors of venous thromboembolism (cancer, surgery, pregnancy…). Results: The mean age of patients was 67.7 year. No significant difference was found between cases and controls concerning the main characteristics, except for smocking and body mass index. Among cases, 89 (10.4%) were current users of neuroleptics compared to 35 (4.8%) among controls. Current use of neuroleptics was associated with a significant increased risk of venous thromboembolism (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.55–3.48). Excluding neuroleptics used for non psychiatric disorders, and after adjustment on the main confounding factors, this association remained significant (OR = 3.48, 95% CI: 2.00–6.04). No difference was found between the different chemical categories of neuroleptics, but the number of patients in some groups had limited statistical power to demonstrate significant differences. Biological mechanisms of action have been proposed to explain this relation. Analyses are ongoing for anti-phospholipid antibodies and homocysteine. Conclusion: In this case-control study of hospitalized patients, neuroleptics use was associated with a significant increased risk of venous thromboembolism. These results are concordant with previous reports. Nevertheless, further investigations are needed to explain wich mechanisms may be involved in such association and before use of neuroleptics can be definitely considered as risk factor for venous thromboembolism.

scholarly journals Traditional and Commercial Alcohols as Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 36-36
Author(s):  
Alexandra Keir ◽  
Geoffrey Buckle ◽  
Larry Akoko ◽  
William Mgisha ◽  
Julius Mwaiselage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
First Case ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Control Study

PURPOSE Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers in East Africa; however, risk factors that underly the high incidence in this region are not well understood. We aimed to investigate the association between exposure to specific alcohol subtypes and EC in Tanzania. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of data from a hospital-based, case-control study conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital and Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Cases of EC were identified between 2014 and 2016. Hospital controls were identified from patients with nonmalignant conditions and matched 1:1 for gender and age (± 10 years). Interviews were conducted using a survey with culturally relevant and context-specific questions on alcohol and smoking exposure. Conditional logistic regression analyses were applied to evaluate specific associations of potential exposures and EC. RESULTS A total of 473 EC cases and 473 controls were enrolled. Alcohol consumption was reported in 61% and 64% of cases and controls, respectively. Neither ‘current use of alcohol (any type)’, nor ‘ever use’ were associated with EC; however, local brew consumption was associated with increased EC risk (odds ratio [OR], 2.01; 95% CI, 1.53 to 2.66; P < .01). Increased risk was observed with consumption of gongo (OR, 2.91), komoni (OR, 2.41), wanzuki (OR, 2.40), kindi (OR, 3.13), and kangara (OR, 2.86). Smoking increased EC risk; however, it did not significantly modify the association between EC and alcohol subtypes. CONCLUSION This is the first case-control study to report a detailed analysis of alcohol exposures as a potential risk factor for EC in Tanzania. Although combined measures of alcohol use were not found to be associated with EC, several types of locally brewed alcohols emerged as risk factors. Additional research is needed to investigate these findings and examine the carcinogenic role of ingredients and/or contaminants, as well as any interactions with other putative risk factors in this region.

scholarly journals Dietary Risk Factors Associated with Development of Gastric Cancer in Nepal: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Shah ◽  
Dev Ram Sunuwar ◽  
Narendra Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Pushpa Rai ◽  
Pranil Man Singh Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Dietary Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Objectives. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent neoplasms and a leading cause of mortality globally. To our knowledge, its relationship with dietary factors is not adequately studied and understood in the Nepalese context. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between the possible dietary risk factors responsible for gastric cancer in Nepal. Methods. A hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted in two specialized cancer hospitals in Nepal. A total of 237 participants (79 cases and 158 controls) were included in the study. Patients diagnosed within one year (incidence case) with histologically confirmed gastric cancer were taken as cases, and healthy visitors of gastric and nongastric cancer patients without past and present history or not a suspected information of gastric cancer were included as controls. A face-to-face interview was conducted using a semi-structured food frequency questionnaire. Backward stepwise conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the magnitude of the association between the independent variables and gastric cancer. Results were presented as the crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. In the adjusted multivariable conditional logistic regression model, an increased risk of gastric cancer was more likely to have higher odds among those respondents who had a high consumption of processed meat (AOR=3.99, 95% CI: 0.90-17.66), preferences of a high amount of fats/oil (AOR=4.64, 95% CI: 1.56-13.72), and preferences of high amounts of salts (AOR=4.18, 95% CI: 1.30-13.44). Conversely, those respondents who consumed higher amounts of fruits (AOR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.07-0.65) were seen to have lower odds of gastric cancer. Conclusions. Our study found an increased risk of gastric cancer with frequent consumption of red meat, processed meat, high preferences of salt, fats/oil, and condiments. Regular consumption of fruits had a protective effect against gastric cancer. Providing nutrition education, public awareness, and lifestyle modification are primary steps to promote the avoidance of risk factors and change unhealthy dietary habits to prevent gastric cancer in Nepal.

scholarly journals 745 Risk Factors of Incident Renal Stones in Indian Population: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Singh ◽  
S Gupta ◽  
T S Mishra ◽  
B D Banerjee ◽  
T Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction Nephrolithiasis is pathological calcification in the excretory passages of the body and is prevalent among 7.6% of Indians. We aimed to study the various risk factors associated with renal stones from India. Method It was a hospital-based case-control study conducted over 18 months in a tertiary hospital in Delhi. Cases were defined as patients with renal stones diagnosed on the basis of history and radiological examination. Controls were similar to cases in all respects except for the diagnosis and selected from the hospital. A total of 18 risk factors, including age, gender, heavy metals, stress, metabolic factors, alcohol intake, dietary habits, co-morbidities, etc. were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the strength of the risk associations. Results In the analysis of 60 cases and controls, we found 6 times, 5.5 times, and 2.4 times increased odds of renal stones in patients with increased arsenic, cadmium, and lead concentrations in blood, respectively. Similarly, there are 3 times increased odds of renal stones in patients suffering from stress. Conclusions Exposure to smoke, occupation dust, and contaminated water may lead to an increased ingestion/inhalation of heavy metals like cadmium, arsenic, and predisposing people to an increased risk of renal stones.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus, anti-secretory drugs and other risk factors for campylobacter gastro-enteritis in adults: a case-control study

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. NEAL ◽  
R. C. B. SLACK
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Foreign Travel ◽  
Drinking Milk ◽  
Campylobacter Infection ◽  
Control Study

The epidemiology of notified cases of campylobacter gastroenteritis in adults in Nottingham Health District was investigated using a case-control study with a postal questionnaire to ascertain data on risk factors. Over a 14-month period 531 cases (a 73% response rate of all laboratory confirmed cases) and 512 controls replied.Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent associations with infection. These included foreign travel (odds ratio (OR) 3·4; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2·0–5·7), diabetes mellitus (OR 4·1, CI 1·1–17), medication with omeprazole (OR 3·5, CI 1·1–12) and H2 and H2 antagonists (OR 3·7, CI 1·3–15), contact with puppies (OR11·3, CI1·2–105), eating chicken (OR 1·4, CI 1·1–1·8) and drinking milk from bottles with tops damaged by a bird (OR 3·3, CI 1·0–11). Preparing main meals (OR 0·9, CI 0·8–1·0) and drinking delivered milk (OR 0·6, CI 0·4–0·9) were associated with a reduced risk of campylobacter infection.Foreign travel was reported in 25% of cases and another 15% had significant associations with other risk factors. The majority of cases, 60%, remained unexplained, indicating the need for further evolution of sporadic cases.

Risk factors and outcomes of postoperative emergency response team activation: a matched case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Matthew I Hardman ◽  
◽  
S Chandralekha Kruthiventi ◽  
Michelle R Schmugge ◽  
Alexandre N Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To determine patient and perioperative characteristics associated with unexpected postoperative clinical deterioration as determined for the need of a postoperative emergency response team (ERT) activation. DESIGN: Retrospective case–control study. SETTING: Tertiary academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who underwent general anaesthesia discharged to regular wards between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 and required ERT activation within 48 postoperative hours. Controls were matched based on age, sex and procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline patient and perioperative characteristics were abstracted to develop a multiple logistic regression model to assess for potential associations for increased risk for postoperative ERT. RESULTS: Among 105 345 patients, 797 had ERT calls, with a rate of 7.6 (95% CI, 7.1–8.1) calls per 1000 anaesthetics (0.76%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the following risk factors for postoperative ERT: cardiovascular disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.18–2.18), neurological disease (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11–2.22), preoperative gabapentin (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.17–2.20), longer surgical duration (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11, per 30 min), emergency procedure (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09–2.18), and intraoperative use of colloids (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.17–1.92). Compared with control participants, ERT patients had a longer hospital stay, a higher rate of admissions to critical care (55.5%), increased postoperative complications, and a higher 30-day mortality rate (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.73–6.54). CONCLUSION: We identified several patient and procedural characteristics associated with increased likelihood of postoperative ERT activation. ERT intervention is a marker for increased rates of postoperative complications and death.

scholarly journals Potential risk factors for multiple sclerosis in Rio de Janeiro: a case-control study

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (2a) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia Regina Penha da Silva ◽  
Regina Maria Papais Alvarenga ◽  
Oscar Fernandez y Fernandez ◽  
Hélcio Alvarenga ◽  
Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Study

PURPOSE: To evaluate potential risk factors for the development of multiple sclerosis in Brazilian patients. METHOD: A case control study was carried out in 81 patients enrolled at the Department of Neurology of the Hospital da Lagoa in Rio de Janeiro, and 81 paired controls. A standardized questionnaire on demographic, social and cultural variables, and medical and family history was used. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and conditional logistic regression models with the SPSS for Windows software program. RESULTS: Having standard vaccinations (vaccinations specified by the Brazilian government) (OR=16.2; 95% CI=2.3-115.2), smoking (OR=7.6; 95% CI=2.1-28.2), being single (OR=4.7; 95% CI=1.4-15.6) and eating animal brain (OR=3.4; 95% CI=1.2-9.8) increased the risk of developing MS. CONCLUSIONS: RESULTS of this study may contribute towards better awareness of the epidemiological characteristics of Brazilian patients with multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Ecological and behavioural risk factors of scrub typhus in central Vietnam: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanh Thi Duc Tran ◽  
Jan Hattendorf ◽  
Hung Manh Do ◽  
Thanh Tien Hoang ◽  
Hang Thi Hai Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The risk factors for scrub typhus in Vietnam remain unknown. Scrub typhus caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi often presents as an undifferentiated febrile illness and remains under appreciated due to the limited availability of diagnostic tests. This tropical rickettsial illness is increasingly recognized as an important cause of non-malaria acute undifferentiated fever in Asia. This study aimed to investigate behavioural and ecological related risk factors of scrub typhus to prevent this potentially life-threatening disease in Vietnam. Methods We conducted a clinical hospital-based active surveillance study, and a retrospective residence-enrolment date-age-matched case–control study in Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, from August 2018 to March 2020. Clinical examinations, polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgM tests were applied to define cases and controls. All enrolled participants filled out a questionnaire including demographic socio-economic status, personal behaviors/protective equipment, habitat connections, land use, and possible exposure to the vector. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to define the scrub typhus associated risk factors. Results We identified 44 confirmed cases and matched them with 152 controls. Among cases and controls, the largest age group was the 41–50 years old and males accounted for 61.4% and 42.8%, respectively. There were similarities in demographic characteristics between the two groups, with the exception of occupation. Several factors were significantly associated with acquisition of scrub typhus, including sitting/laying directly on household floor [adjusted OR (aOR) = 4.9, 95% CI: 1.6–15.1, P = 0.006], household with poor sanitation/conditions (aOR = 7.9, 95% CI: 1.9–32.9, P = 0.005), workplace environment with risk (aOR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.2–7.6, P = 0.020), always observing mice around home (aOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.4–9.9, P = 0.008), and use of personal protective equipment in the field (aOR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.1–1.1, P = 0.076). Conclusions Ecological and household hygiene-related factors were more associated with scrub typhus infection, than individual-level exposure activities in the hyper-endemic area. These findings support local education and allow people to protect themselves from scrub typhus, especially in areas with limitations in diagnostic capacity. Graphical abstract

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Other Multiple Sclerosis Environmental Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuha M. Alkhawajah ◽  
Salman Aljarallah ◽  
Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb ◽  
Mohammad Osama Almohaini ◽  
Taim A. Muayqil
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction There are a number of well-established risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). Other factors however, showed conflicting or non-consistent results. Here we examine some factors that are unique to or more practiced in Saudi Arabia (SA) and the Arab region such as waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), face veiling, raw milk (RM), and camel milk (CM) consumption, tuberculosis (TB) infection in addition to other traditional factors. Methods This is a sex and age matched case-control study in which we used a structured questionnaire to examine the relation between a number of factors and exposures and the risk of MS. Three hundred MS patients and 601 controls were included. Data was analyzed across different statistical models using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, marital status, duration of breastfeeding, age first joining school, coffee consumption, and face exposure. Results Cigarette smoking [OR = 1.79, (95% CI 1.01-3.17), P =0.047)], WTS [OR = 2.25, (95% CI 1.21-4.15), P =0.010)], and CM consumption [OR = 2.50, (95% CI 1.20-5.21), P =0.014)] increased the risk of MS. While performing hajj [OR = 0.47, (95% CI 0.34-0.67), P =0.001)], TB infection [OR = 0.29, (95% CI 0.11-0.78), P =0.015)], face veiling [OR = 0.32, (95% CI 0.23-0.47), P =0.001)] and coffee consumption [OR =0.67, (95% CI 0.49-0.89), P =0.008)], appeared to be associated with decreased risk. No association was found between fast food, processed meat, soft drinks, animal milk (other than camel) or RM consumption and the risk of MS. Conclusion The results of this case-control study confirm that different means of tobacco smoking are associated with increased risk of MS. It also sheds more light on the complex association between infections and MS.

Food insecurity and lipid profile abnormalities are associated with an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helda Tutunchi ◽  
Maryam Saghafi-Asl ◽  
Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi ◽  
Alireza Ostadrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important public health problem and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the relation between food insecurity and NAFLD. This study aimed to assess the relationship between food insecurity, risk factors associated with food insecurity, and NAFLD prevalence in a sample of Iranian adults.Methods In this age-matched and gender-matched case–control study, 210 subjects were recruited. NAFLD diagnosis was performed by a single expert radiologist using ultrasonography. The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, anthropometric indices, body composition, along with food insecurity and depression status were assessed. Blood samples were collected to determine the lipid profile parameters. Chi-square, independent samples t-test, and uni-and multi-variate logistic regression tests were used. Data were analysed using SPSS V.23.0.Results The prevalence of food insecurity was 56.8% and 26.1% in cases and controls ( P<0.001 ), respectively. According to final analysis model, food insecurity, depression, number of children≥4, overweight, and obesity were identified as significant independent risk factors for NAFLD. The chance of NAFLD in the food insecure, depressed, overweight, and obese subjects was 2.2 (95%CI:1.12-3.43), 1.9 (95%CI:1.02-3.62), 2.6 (95% CI:1.81-3.92), and 2.9 (95%CI:2.02- 5.34) times higher, respectively. Additionally, a higher waist circumference (men, OR = 2.9, P<0.001 ; women, OR= 2.6, P<0.001 ), an elevated waist-to-hip ratio (men, OR = 2.3, P<0.001 ; women, OR= 2.7, P<0.001 ), an increased waist-to-height ratio (OR = 2.9, P<0.001 ), and a higher body fat percentage (men, OR = 3.0, P<0.001 ; women, OR= 3.3, P<0.001 ) were independently associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. The odds of NAFLD increased by increment in serum triglyceride (TG) levels (OR = 2.6, P<0.001 ) and decreased by increase in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR = 0.34, P<0.001 ). Compared to controls, NAFLD patients were more likely to have higher TG/HDL-C ratio (OR = 3.3, P<0.001 ).Conclusions The prevalence of food insecurity in patients with NAFLD was significantly higher compared to controls. Food insecurity was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Additionally, NAFLD was significantly related to some indicators of dyslipidemia.

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