scholarly journals Education, Smoking and CRP Genetics in Relation to C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Black South Africans

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6646
Author(s):  
Pieter Hermanus Myburgh ◽  
Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau ◽  
Iolanthé Marike Kruger ◽  
Gordon Wayne Towers
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Black South Africans

Because elevated circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) and low socio-economic status (SES), have both been implicated in cardiovascular disease development, we investigated whether SES factors associate with and interact with CRP polymorphisms in relation to the phenotype. Included in the study were 1569 black South Africans for whom CRP concentrations, 12 CRP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), cardiovascular health markers, and SES factors were known. None of the investigated SES aspects was found to associate with CRP concentrations when measured individually; however, in adjusted analyses, attaining twelve or more years of formal education resulted in a hypothetically predicted 18.9% lower CRP concentration. We also present the first evidence that active smokers with a C-allele at rs3093068 are at an increased risk of presenting with elevated CRP concentrations. Apart from education level, most SES factors on their own are not associated with the elevated CRP phenotype observed in black South Africans. However, these factors may collectively with other environmental, genetic, and behavioral aspects such as smoking, contribute to the elevated inflammation levels observed in this population. The gene-smoking status interaction in relation to inflammation observed here is of interest and if replicated could be used in at-risk individuals to serve as an additional motivation to quit.

scholarly journals The Role of C-Reactive Protein and Fibrinogen in the Development of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Mendelian Randomization Study in European Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biyan Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Mingyang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
European Population ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Weighted Median

Background: The causal association of C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains uncertain. We investigated the causal associations of CRP and fibrinogen with ICH using two-sample Mendelian randomization.Method: We used single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CRP and fibrinogen as instrumental variables. The summary data on ICH were obtained from the International Stroke Genetics Consortium (1,545 cases and 1,481 controls). Two-sample Mendelian randomization estimates were performed to assess with inverse-variance weighted and sensitive analyses methods including the weighted median, the penalized weighted median, pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) approaches. MR-Egger regression was used to explore the pleiotropy.Results: The MR analyses indicated that genetically predicted CRP concentration was not associated with ICH, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.263 (95% CI = 0.935–1.704, p = 0.127). Besides, genetically predicted fibrinogen concentration was not associated with an increased risk of ICH, with an OR of 0.879 (95% CI = 0.060–18.281; p = 0.933). No evidence of pleiotropic bias was detected by MR-Egger. The findings were overall robust in sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: Our findings did not support that CRP and fibrinogen are causally associated with the risk of ICH.

scholarly journals Associations between C-reactive protein and all-cause mortality among oldest old adults in Chinese longevity areas: A community-based cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Liang Chen ◽  
Hai-Lian Yang ◽  
Zhao-Jin Cao ◽  
Xin Cheng ◽  
Feng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background: Higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have been proposed as a predictor of all-cause mortality in many existing studies from multiple populations, but the association for the oldest old adults (aged 80 and older) remains unclear. Objective: To examine the association between CRP and all-cause mortality among the oldest old Chinese adults. Design: This is a prospective, community-based longitudinal cohort study with 2206 adults aged 80 years old and older with available CRP test results. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidential intervals (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality according to CRP quartiles, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The median age of the participants was 93 years old, and the median CRP concentration was 1.13 mg/L at baseline. During a median follow-up period of 36.7 months, 1106 deaths were verified. After full adjustment for potential confounders, a high CRP concentration was positively associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Compared with the lowest quartile, the fully adjusted HRs of the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.17 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.46), 1.28 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.61), and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.20, 1.87), respectively. The association of CRP with all-cause mortality was likely modified by smoking status (P = 0.011). Conclusions: Our study indicated that a high CRP concentration was likely to be a prospective factor predicting death among the oldest old adults. Future studies investigating additional factors of disease and aging processes are needed to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms.

scholarly journals Genetically Predicted C-Reactive Protein Associated With Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk: Interrelation With Estrogen and Cancer Molecular Subtypes Using Mendelian Randomization

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Yon Jung ◽  
Jeanette C. Papp ◽  
Eric M. Sobel ◽  
Matteo Pellegrini ◽  
Herbert Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundImmune-related etiologic pathways that influence breast cancer risk are incompletely understood and may be confounded by lifestyles or reverse causality. Using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we investigated the potential causal relationship between genetically elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and primary invasive breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women.MethodsWe used individual-level data obtained from 10,179 women, including 537 who developed breast cancer, from the Women’s Health Initiative Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes Study, which consists of five genome-wide association (GWA) studies. We examined 61 GWA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with CRP. We employed weighted/penalized weighted–medians and MR gene–environment interactions that allow instruments’ invalidity to some extent and attenuate the heterogeneous estimates of outlying SNPs.ResultsIn lifestyle-stratification analyses, genetically elevated CRP decreased risk for breast cancer in exogenous estrogen-only, estrogen + progestin, and past oral contraceptive (OC) users, but only among relatively short-term users (<5 years). Estrogen-only users for ≥5 years had more profound CRP-decreased breast cancer risk in dose–response fashion, whereas past OC users for ≥5 years had CRP-increased cancer risk. Also, genetically predicted CRP was strongly associated with increased risk for hormone-receptor positive or human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 negative breast cancer.ConclusionsOur findings may provide novel evidence on the immune-related molecular pathways linking to breast cancer risk and suggest potential clinical use of CRP to predict the specific cancer subtypes. Our findings suggest potential interventions targeting CRP–inflammatory markers to reduce breast cancer risk.

Complementary Effects of Multivitamin and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Indices of Cardiovascular Health in Individuals with Elevated Homocysteine

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Earnest ◽  
S. Kupper ◽  
M. Thompson ◽  
Guo ◽  
S. Church
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Daily Ingestion

Homocysteine (HCY), C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and triglycerides (TG) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While multivitamins (MVit) may reduce HCY and hsCRP, omega-3 fatty acids (N3) reduce TG; yet, they are seldom studied simultaneously. We randomly assigned 100 participants with baseline HCY (> 8.0 umol/L) to the daily ingestion of: (1) placebo, (2) MVit (VitC: 200 mg; VitE: 400 IU; VitB6: 25 mg; Folic Acid: 400 ug; VitB12: 400 ug) + placebo, (3) N3 (2 g N3, 760 mg EPA, 440 mg DHA)+placebo, or (4) MVit + N3 for 12 weeks. At follow-up, we observed significant reductions in HCY (umol/L) for the MVit (- 1.43, 95 %CI, - 2.39, - 0.47) and MVit + N3 groups (- 1.01, 95 %CI, - 1.98, - 0.04) groups, both being significant (p < 0.05) vs. placebo (- 0.57, 95 %CI, - 1.49, 0.35) and N3 (1.11, 95 % CI, 0.07, 2.17). hsCRP (nmol/L) was significantly reduced in the MVit (- 6.00, 95 %CI, - 1.04, - 0.15) and MVit + N3 (- 0.98, 95 %CI, - 1.51, - 0.46) groups, but not vs. placebo (- 0.15, 95 %CI, - 0.74, 0.43) or N3 (- 0.53, 95 %CI, - 1.18, 0.12). Lastly, we observed significant reductions in TG for the N3 (- 0.41, 95 %CI, - 0.69, - 0.13) and MVit + N3 (- 0.71, 95 %CI, - 0.93, - 0.46) groups, both significant vs. placebo (- 0.10, 95 %CI, - 0.36, 0.17) and MVit groups (0.15, 95 %CI, - 12, 0.42). The co-ingestion of MVit + N3 provides synergistic affects on HCY, hsCRP, and plasma TG.

scholarly journals C-Reactive Protein and All-Cause Mortality in a Large Hospital-Based Cohort

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Marsik ◽  
Lili Kazemi-Shirazi ◽  
Thomas Schickbauer ◽  
Stefan Winkler ◽  
Christian Joukhadar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Abstract Background: C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase protein, is a sensitive systemic marker of inflammation and acute-phase reactions. Testing CRP concentrations at hospital admission may provide information about disease risk and overall survival. Methods: All first-ever transmittals to the department of medical and chemical laboratory diagnostics for determination of low-sensitivity CRP (n = 274 515, 44.5% male, median age 51 years) between January 1991 and July 2003 were included [median follow-up time: 4.4 years (interquartile range, 2.3–7.4 years)]. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Multivariate Cox regression adjusted for sex and age was applied for analysis. Results: Compared to individuals within the reference category (CRP &lt;5 mg/L), hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality increased from 1.4 (5–10 mg/L category) to 3.3 in the highest category (&gt;80 mg/L, all P &lt;0.001). CRP was associated with various causes of death. The relation of CRP to cancer death was stronger than to vascular death. Younger patients with increased CRP had relatively far worse outcome than older patients (maximal HR: ≤30 years: 6.7 vs &gt;60 years: 1.7–3.7). Interestingly, both short- and long-term mortality were associated with increasing CRP concentrations (&gt;80 mg/L: HR 22.8 vs 1.4). Conclusion: Measurement of low-sensitivity CRP at hospital admission allowed for the identification of patients at increased risk of unfavorable outcome. Our findings indicate that close attention should be paid to hospitalized patients with high CRP not only because of very substantial short-term risk, but also long-term excess risk, the basis for which needs to be determined.

The prognostic efficacy of beta2-microglobulin in acute pulmonary embolism

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Sotirios Kakavas ◽  
◽  
Aggeliki Papanikolaou ◽  
Evangelos Balis ◽  
Evgenios Metaxas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Acute Pe

Our aim was to prospectively assess the prognostic value of beta2- microglobulin (b2-M) in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). We conducted a prospective study of 109 patients admitted in a pulmonary clinic due to acute PE. A panel of inflammatory markers including b2-M white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined for each patient. In this preliminary study, baseline b2-M levels significantly correlated with the impairment of oxygenation and with all the parameters that are used for the early risk stratification of patients. In multivariate analysis, patients’ age and baseline b2-M levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of death. These findings require further prospective validation.

Acute-Phase Plasma PCSK9 Levels and Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in a Chinese Acute Myocardial Infarction Cohort

Cardiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Gao ◽  
Yan Qiu ◽  
Jihua Wu ◽  
Wei Diao ◽  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Recurrent Events ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a promising target for lowering plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular (CV) disease. Whether plasma PCSK9 measured during the acute phase predicts recurrent CV events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unresolved. Methods and Results: Plasma PCSK9 levels were measured in 1,646 patients with AMI from the China PEACE-Prospective AMI Study at the acute phase. Additionally, 248 patients were resampled and measured at 1 month post-AMI. Associations of acute-phase PCSK9 tertiles with clinical characteristics and recurrent CV events within 1 year were assessed. Female gender (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.24–3.03), premature coronary heart disease (CHD; OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.37–3.26), higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.44–1.95), and higher triglycerides (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.03–2.09) were associated with higher baseline PCSK9. Plasma PCSK9 levels in the highest tertile (versus lowest) did not have an increased risk of 1-year recurrent CV events in the AMI cohort (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.52–1.16) or any subgroup. There was also no association between percentage changes in PCSK9 over the first month and 1-year recurrent events, although there was a trend of differences between patients in the upper versus lower tertiles. Conclusion: Plasma PCSK9 levels measured during the acute phase were associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, triglycerides, premature CHD, and gender in patients with AMI but did not predict recurrent CV events within 1 year. Dynamic changes in PCSK9 suggested a trend yet no significance value in predicting recurrent CV events.

Abstract 25: Six-year Change in C-reactive Protein Levels and Risk of Incident Diabetes, Cardiovascular Events and Mortality

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M Parrinello ◽  
Pamela L Lutsey ◽  
Christie M Ballantyne ◽  
Aaron R Folsom ◽  
James S Pankow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Baseline Measure ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: High levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and mortality. It is unclear whether changes in CRP or persistently high CRP are associated with these outcomes beyond the baseline measure. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of 10,229 participants from the ARIC Study with two measurements of CRP six years apart (at visits 2 and 4, 1990-92 and 1996-98, respectively). CRP was categorized into two groups using a standard cut-point for defining high levels (≥3 vs. <3 mg/L). Six-year change in CRP was categorized as: persistently not high (<3 mg/L), decreasing (≥3 to <3 mg/L), increasing (<3 to ≥3 mg/L), and persistently high (≥3 mg/L). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between visit 2 CRP, visit 4 CRP and six-year change in CRP and each of the following outcomes from visit 4 through 2010: diabetes, coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, heart failure and all-cause mortality. Models were adjusted for traditional risk factors at visit 2. Sensitivity analyses additionally adjusted for visit 4 covariates. Results: Persons with CRP ≥3 mg/L at visit 2 or 4 had higher risk of each outcome compared to those with CRP <3 mg/L ( Table ). We observed higher risk of all outcomes in persons with persistently high CRP, and of all outcomes except stroke in persons with increasing CRP, compared to those with CRP <3 mg/L at both visits ( Table ). Persons whose CRP decreased from high to <3 mg/L did not have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes or diabetes compared to those with CRP persistently <3 mg/L. Results were similar after adjusting for visit 4 covariates. Conclusions: Persons with sustained high levels of CRP or whose CRP increased to high levels had higher risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and death, while those whose levels decreased from high to moderate or low were at lower risk. Multiple measures of CRP may better characterize inflammatory status and provide more comprehensive information regarding long-term risk.

NT-proBNP, hs-cTnT, and CRP predict the risk of cardiopulmonary outcomes in systemic sclerosis: Findings from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group

2021 ◽  
pp. 239719832110406
Author(s):  
Mayank Jha ◽  
Mianbo Wang ◽  
Russell Steele ◽  
Murray Baron ◽  
Marvin J Fritzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cardiac Troponin T ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the independent value of N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, and C-reactive protein to predict onset of cardiopulmonary disease in a large, multi-center systemic sclerosis cohort followed prospectively. Methods: Subjects from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group registry with data on N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, and C-reactive protein were identified. Outcomes of interest were death, systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction < 50% or medications for heart failure), pulmonary arterial hypertension by right heart catheterization, pulmonary hypertension by cardiac echocardiography (systolic pulmonary artery pressures ⩾ 45 mmHg), arrhythmias (pacemaker/implantable cardiac defibrillator or anti-arrhythmic medications), and interstitial lung disease. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were generated for each outcome. Results: A total of 675 subjects were included with a mean follow-up of 3.0 ± 1.8 years. Subjects were predominantly women (88.4%) with mean age of 58.2 ± 11.3 years and mean disease duration of 13.7 ± 9.1 years. One hundred and one (101, 15%) subjects died during follow-up, 37 (6.4 %) developed systolic dysfunction, 18 (2.9%) arrhythmias, 34 (5.1%) pulmonary arterial hypertension, 43 (7.3%) pulmonary hypertension, and 48 (12.3%) interstitial lung disease. In multivariate analyses, elevated levels of N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, and C-reactive protein were associated with increased risk of death, while elevated levels of N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide and C-reactive protein were associated with increased risk of developing pulmonary hypertension. Conclusion: In systemic sclerosis, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, and C-reactive protein have independent predictive value for death and pulmonary hypertension. A larger study would be required to determine the predictive value of these biomarkers for less common systemic sclerosis outcomes.

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