scholarly journals Evolution and Efficiency Assessment of Pesticide and Fertiliser Inputs to Cultivated Land in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3771
Author(s):  
Xuesong Zhan ◽  
Chaofeng Shao ◽  
Rong He ◽  
Rongguang Shi
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Application Efficiency ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Excessive use of pesticides and fertilisers has been a key issue limiting sustainable agricultural development. China is a typical pesticide- and chemical-fertiliser-dependent agricultural production area. We have matched the target indicators related to sustainable agricultural development (SDG1 and SDG2) and analysed the gap between China and four developed countries in terms of fertiliser and pesticide use intensity and efficiency from 2002 to 2016. We have used an improved Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model and cluster analysis to identify the factors and effects driving increased pesticide and fertiliser inputs in China, and we discuss the exploratory effects of different provinces in reducing pesticide and fertiliser application and increasing efficiency. The findings reveal that (1) China is a typical pesticide- and fertiliser-dependent agricultural production area. The average combined fertiliser application efficiency in China from 2002 to 2016 was only 28% of that of the Netherlands, and the country’s average combined pesticide application efficiency was only 35% of that of the USA. (2) The most important of the three main drivers of the increase in pesticide and fertiliser inputs in China is the value added of the primary industry, contributing 56% for the period 2007–2016. (3) Further analysis at the provincial level according to four types—high-intensity high-yield type, high-intensity low-yield type, low-intensity high-yield type, and low-intensity low-yield type—clarified the provinces that should be focused on at the national level in terms of pesticide and fertiliser application reduction and efficiency increase in the future.

scholarly journals Análise temporal de combates de Muay-Thai de nível nacional: Efeitos da fase competitiva

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio ◽  
Jerônimo Jaspe Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Charles Bartel Farias
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Time Motion

<em>Introduction:</em><strong> </strong>Temporal analysis of matches allows the study of fighting patterns in combat sports. With this procedure, we can recreate the efforts in specific training. However, up to date have no information concerning temporal analysis considering competitive level in Muay-Thai. <em>Objective:</em><strong> </strong>To investigate temporal characteristics of Muay-Thai athletes in official competition from national level, considering round, and to compare preliminary combats with those that had medal disputes. <em>Material and methods:</em> Were recorded 65 matches in a Brazilian championship. We conducted <em>in loco</em> recording. To time-motion analysis, Software Kinovea™ was used. Were considered Observation, Preparation and Interaction periods, as well as high intensity and low intensity ratio (HI:LI). The average duration of the rounds between competitive phases (preliminary or finals) was compared with a <em>t</em> test. A generalized linear model was applied considering effort duration as dependent variable and competitive level, round and effort type as independent. Significant level was set in 5%. <em>Results:</em> Were registered 7 to 8 s of Observation, near from 3 s of Preparation and 4 to 5.5 s of Interaction effort type, and the duration of Observation effort was significantly superior the others. Significant differences were observed in the Interaction between preliminary and finals (respectively 5.5 ± 0.3 s and 3.7 ± 0.5 s; p &lt; 0.05). Pooling the Observation and Preparation time as low intensity (LI), and Interaction as high intensity (HI) efforts, the HI:LI ratio was 1:2in eliminatory and 1:3 in the final matches. <em>Conclusions:</em><strong> </strong>Muay-Thai is an intermittent combat sport, the duration of Interaction effort type is lower in final in comparison to preliminary matches.

Sustainable Agricultural Development for Small Farmers in Nepal: Myth or Reality?

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punya P. Regmi ◽  
Karl E. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Production Area

Small and marginal farmers in Nepal mostly depend on their farms and the forests for their livelihoods. But continued population growth and increasing demands for food, shelter and cloth have stepped up the pressure on land and other natural resources. Furthermore, there is evidence that farmers have been extending the agricultural production area largely by clearing vast tracts of virgin forest, which are a precious natural resource. This has been creating both environmental and economic problems. Because small and marginal farmers have to survive below the subsistence level, in self-perpetuating dismal conditions, ‘sustainable agricultural development’ for them remains a myth rather than a reality.

scholarly journals MODERN TRENDS IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN CAMEROON AND WAYS TO ENSURE ITS SUSTAINABILITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
CHITCHUI TOUMENI ARMAND ANACIET
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Low Level

It has been established that agriculture is the backbone of Cameroon's economy, where 80% of the labor force is engaged in the agricultural sector and provides 22.3% of gross domestic product and 30% of its export revenues. The investigated branch forms the commodity supply of agricultural products both on the domestic and foreign markets, the following types of products: cocoa, coffee, cotton, bananas, palm oil, tobacco, tea, pineapple, corn, millet, sorghum, yams, potatoes, beans and rice. It has been determined that the livestock sector has been developed throughout the country and plays an especially important role in the northern region of the country. It has been proved that the main goal of the country's agricultural development is to ensure food security, whose achievement is strongly influenced by globalization of climate change. For the country under study, the country's orientation towards a "product concept" is characteristic, in which the main objective is to ensure the physical and economic availability of agricultural food. The strategic priorities in the country's agricultural development, which include the mobilization of local resources for intensive production taking into account environmental requirements, are highlighted. It is substantiated that today specialized regions have been formed in relation to the production of certain types of products, which allowed to increase the productivity of agricultural crops. It is noted that there are differences in indicators of productivity of agricultural production in farms and research stations, which proves the existence of unused reserves for improving production efficiency. The characteristic features of development of agricultural production of the country are systematized: low level of technical support; a manifestation of the tendency to increase the land of farms; the prevalence of small commodity producers; low income farmers; predominance of informal economic relations; use of manual labor; complicated access to loan financing sources; low level of involvement of commodity producers in value added chains. It is proved that under conditions of intensification of investment activity in the country's agriculture and realization of the foreseen measures of the strategic national plan, conditions and preconditions for effective development, modernization of production infrastructure, access of farmers to sources of financing and other components of sustainable development will be formed. It is highlighted that one of the conditions for the sustainable development of agriculture in the country is the intensification of agricultural production, which will promote ecological and social sustainability. Important instruments for its achievement are technological innovations in the direction of introducing new or improved agro technology of cultivation and modern management practices, new breeds of farm animals and poultry, integrated practices for improving soil fertility and widespread replacement of manual labor. Innovative solutions need to be coordinated with the specifics of the production process, and in terms of environmental and water and energy intensity. Key words: agriculture, food safety, farmer, innovation, investment attractiveness.

scholarly journals Sosyo-Ekonomik Gelişmişliğin Belirlenmesinde Tarımın Etkisi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1312-1321
Author(s):  
Seda Ataman ◽  
Zuhal Karakayacı
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Production Area

As in all residential areas are also spatial disparities in Turkey. These socio-economic differences interact with the agricultural sector. While agricultural development positively affects the overall socio-economic development, it also supports the agricultural infrastructure and development. The aim of research is to calculate the socio-economic development index of 81 provinces and to determine their effects on agriculture. In this context, socio-economic development over 106 factor using exploratory factor analysis obtained from the TSI calculated. It is concluded that the socio-economic development ranking is parallel to the population of the provinces. For this reason, population groups are used in rankings other than general ranking. According to the results of the analysis, the general development rankings and the prominent agricultural factors (agricultural production area, agricultural production value) rankings were created. Unlike other development studies conducted, agricultural factors were included more in the analysis. Although the 1st population group, which includes the most densely populated provinces, is found in the rankings where agricultural factors are prominent, it has been determined that the population groups 4, 5 and 6 are in a developed position. This situation stems from Turkey's agricultural potential is present in many provinces. It is necessary to carry out studies for the agricultural sector in order to ensure both the agricultural sector and regional development.

Inhibition rather than Enhancement of Hemostatic System Activation during Initiation of Oral Anticoagulant Treatment

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (04) ◽  
pp. 685-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Kyrle ◽  
Johannes Brockmeier ◽  
Ansgar Weltermann ◽  
Sabine Eichinger ◽  
Wolfgang Speiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Treatment ◽  
Shed Blood ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
System Activation

SummaryCoumarin-induced skin necrosis is believed to be due to a transient hypercoagulable state resulting from a more rapid decline of the protein C activity relative to that of coagulation factors (F) II, IX and X during initiation of oral anticoagulant therapy. We studied hemostatic system activation during early oral anticoagulant treatment with a technique that investigates coagulation activation in the microcirculation.We determined in 10 healthy volunteers the concentrations of prothrombin fragment F1+2 (f1.2) and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) in blood emerging from an injury of the microvasculature (bleeding time incision) before and after initiation of both high-inten- sity and low-intensity coumarin therapy. In addition, f1.2, TAT, activated F VII (F Vila) and the activities of FII, F VII, F X and protein C were measured in venous blood.A rapid decline of F VII and protein C was observed in venous blood with activities at 24 h of 7 ± 1% and 43 ± 2%, respectively, during the high-intensity regimen. A 20 to 30% reduction of f1.2 and TAT was seen in venous blood at 72 h with no major difference between the high- and the low-intensity regimen. F Vila levels were substantially affected by anticoagulation with a >90% reduction at 48 h during the high-intensity regimen. Following high-intensity coumarin, a >50% decrease in the fl.2 and TAT levels was found in shed blood at 48 h suggesting substantial inhibition of thrombin generation during early oral anticoagulation. An increase in the f1.2 and TAT levels was seen neither in shed blood nor in venous blood.Our data do not support the concept of a transient imbalance between generation and inhibition of thrombin as the underlying pathomechanism of coumarin-induced skin nekrosis.

Territorial Features of Application of Precision Farming Technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
E.A. Skvortsov ◽  
◽  
A.S. Gusev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Production Index ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Production Growth

The article discusses the issues of territorial patterns in the implementation of precision farming technologies, which are insufficiently studied and constitute a significant scientific problem. The purpose of the study is to identify the territorial patterns of the introduction of precision farming technologies in conjunction with the indicators of agricultural development in the regions. The number of applied precision farming technologies was clarified, 37 regions took part in the study, 24 of them provided information on the application of these technologies. The results of correlation of regional development indicators (12 indicators in three blocks) and the amount of equipment with precision farming elements are presented. The greatest positive correlation is observed between the introduction of precision farming technologies and the agricultural production index at comparable prices (0.51) and the level of subsidies (0.37). The greatest negative correlation is observed between the introduction of these technologies and the change in the registered unemployment rate (-0.3). Based on the results obtained, it can be assumed that in regions with high values of agricultural production growth and subsidies, precision farming technologies will be most intensively introduced.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF BIO-ECONOMY IN THE FOOD AND TOURISM INDUSTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1681-1684
Author(s):  
Georgi Toskov ◽  
Ana Yaneva ◽  
Stanko Stankov ◽  
Hafize Fidan
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Foreign Brands ◽  
Value Added Products

The European Commission defines the bioeconomy as "the production of renewable biological resources and the conversion of these resources and waste streams into value added products, such as food, feed, bio-based products and bioenergy. Its sectors and industries have strong innovation potential due to their use of a wide range of sciences, enabling and industrial technologies, along with local and implied knowledge." The Bulgarian food industry faces a lot of challenges on the local and national level, which have direct influence on the structure of the production companies. Most of the enterprises from the food sector produce under foreign brands in order to be flexible partners to the large Bulgarian retail chains. The small companies from the food sector are not able to develop as an independent competitive producer on the territory of their local markets. This kind of companies rarely has a working strategy for positioning on new markets. In order to consolidate their already built positions for long period of time, the producers are trying to optimize their operations in a short term. However, the unclear vision of the companies for the business segment does not allow them to fully develop. Tourism in Bulgaria is a significant contributor to the country's economy.

Population - an element of agricultural development in Serbia

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 141-161
Author(s):  
Marina Todorovic ◽  
Gordana Vojkovic
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Agricultural Producer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The author begins by discussing the relationship between agriculture and population at a theoretical level, proceeds with a historical review of changes in the role and significance of an individual as agricultural producer, and finally, analyzes population as an element (potentials - limitations) of agricultural development in Serbia. The overall production results, and particularly the propensity to technical and technological innovation, as well as the ability to adapt to the changed conditions are, as we know well, crucially dependent on the structure of the working population. Hence, the author discusses regional differences in agricultural population by age, sex, level of education and productivity to provide a clear illustration of the impact of this element (indicator) on the population as the factor of agricultural production. The results show significant macroregional differences by this element with respect to the average for Serbia.

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