Students’ Perceptions of Instructional Rubrics in Neurological Physical Therapy and Their Effects on Students’ Engagement and Course Satisfaction

One of the main challenges faced by physical therapy (PT) students is to learn the practical skills involved in neurological physical therapy (PT). To help them to acquire these skills, a set of rubrics were designed for formative purposes. This paper presents the process followed in the creation of these rubrics and their application in the classroom, noting that students perceived them as valid, reliable, and highly useful for learning. The perception of the validity and usefulness of the rubrics has different closely related dimensions, showing homogeneous values across the students´ sociodemographic and educational variables, with the exception of dedication to studying, which showed a significant relationship with schoolwork engagement and course satisfaction. The adequacy of the hypothesized structural model of the relationships among the variables was confirmed. Direct effects of the perception of the rubrics’ validity and engagement on course satisfaction were found, as well as direct effects of the assessment of the usefulness of the rubrics on schoolwork engagement and indirect effects on course satisfaction through this latter variable. The results are discussed taking into account the conclusions of previous research and different instructional implications.

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Factors Predicting Individuals’ Behavioural Intentions for Choosing Cultural Tourism: A Structural Model

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131810347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 10347

Author(s):

Silvia Platania ◽

Kyle Maurice Woosnam ◽

Manuel Alector Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Structural Model ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Cultural Tourism ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Avoidance Coping ◽

Behavioural Intentions ◽

Perceived Behavioural Control

Drawing from the theory of self-regulation and a model of goal-directed behaviour, this study examines the determinants (i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, desire, negative WOM coping strategies, and avoidance coping strategies) of visitors’ intentions to engage in cultural tourism within Sicily. Based on a sample of 469 visitors, the results revealed that 12 of the 14 proposed hypothesised direct effects were significant in explaining behavioural intentions to choose a cultural holiday. As for indirect effects, negative WOM coping strategies served as a more salient mediator in the model, as opposed to avoidance coping strategies.

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Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Direct Effects of Tadalafil on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) versus Indirect Effects Mediated through Erectile Dysfunction Symptom Improvement: Integrated Data Analyses from 4 Placebo-Controlled Clinical Studies.

F1000 - Post-publication peer review of the biomedical literature ◽

10.3410/f.718133719.793488336 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Fraser

Keyword(s):

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Symptom Improvement ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Data Analyses ◽

Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽

Lower Urinary

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Trophic Cascades in Grasslands

10.1093/oso/9780198744511.003.0005 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Brian J. Wilsey

Keyword(s):

Indirect Effects ◽

Prey Species ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Temperate Grasslands ◽

Cascading Effect ◽

Top Predators ◽

Invertebrate Predators ◽

Ecology Of Fear

Top predators have effects that can ‘cascade down’ on lower trophic levels. Because of this cascading effect, it matters how many trophic levels are present. Predators are either ‘sit and wait’ or ‘active’. Wolves are top predators in temperate grasslands and can alter species composition of smaller-sized predators, prey, and woody and herbaceous plant species, either through direct effects or indirect effects (‘Ecology of Fear’). In human derived grasslands, invertebrate predators fill a similar ecological role as wolves. Migrating populations of herbivores tend to be more limited by food than non-migratory populations. The phenology and synchrony of births vary among prey species in a way that is consistent with an adaptation to predation. Precocious species have highly synchronous birth dates to satiate predators. Non-precocious species (‘hiders’) have asynchronous births. Results from studies that manipulate both predators and food support the hypothesis that bottom-up and top-down effects interact.

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Sociocognitive Self-Regulatory Mechanisms Governing Judgments of the Acceptability and Likelihood of Sport Cheating

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.32.5.595 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 595-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Fabienne d’Arripe-Longueville ◽

Karine Corrion ◽

Stéphanie Scoffier ◽

Peggy Roussel ◽

Aïna Chalabaev

Keyword(s):

Moral Disengagement ◽

Structural Model ◽

The Self ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Male And Female ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Social Efficacy

This study extends previous psychosocial literature (Bandura et al., 2001, 2003) by examining a structural model of the self-regulatory mechanisms governing the acceptability and likelihood of cheating in a sport context. Male and female adolescents (N = 804), aged 15–20 years, took part in this study. Negative affective self-regulatory efficacy influenced the acceptability and likelihood of cheating through the mediating role of moral disengagement, in females and males. Affective efficacy positively influenced prosocial behavior through moral disengagement or through resistive self-regulatory efficacy and social efficacy, in both groups. The direct effects of affective efficacy on beliefs about cheating were only evident in females. These results extend the findings of Bandura et al. (2001, 2003) to the sport context and suggest that affective and resistive self-regulatory efficacy operate in concert in governing adolescents’ moral disengagement and transgressive behaviors in sport.

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Possible Traffic Safety Effects of the Implementation of Section Control in Hungary

Acta Technica Jaurinensis ◽

10.14513/actatechjaur.v13.n4.557 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 309-323

Author(s):

Zsolt Sándor

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Social Cost ◽

Cost Savings ◽

International Studies ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Implementation Cost ◽

Short Term ◽

Environmental Loads

This article presents the anticipated safety effects of the implantation of section control in Hungary. The proposed results were originated from international studies and the local circumstances. Effects are depending on the control coverage and the magnitude of the sanctions. Direct (short term benefits) and indirect effects (long term benefits) can be identified. Direct effects are the decreasing of accident numbers, while indirect effects are the decrease of other externalities of transport like environmental loads. Based on the results the implementation cost of the enforcement system is measureable with the proposed social cost savings come from the decreasing number of accidents.

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The Interaction of Reactions and Transport Part II: Combined Reactors and Exchangers

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering ◽

10.2202/1542-6580.1198 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stuart W. Churchill

Keyword(s):

Indirect Effects ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Chemical Reactor ◽

Complex Behavior ◽

Geometrical Configuration ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Chemical Reactors ◽

And Performance ◽

Transport Part

The interactions between chemical reactions and transport may be divided into direct effects, for example on the molecular level, and indirect effects, for example those arising from the geometrical configuration of the integrated reactor/exchanger. Attention herein is focused on the latter, although in many instances the direct effects must be accounted for as well. Particular attention is given to the identification of behavior that does not arise in chemical reactors not connected to an exchanger or in exchangers not connected to a chemical reactor, as well as to optimal conditions and configurations of combined reactors and exchangers. Generalizations are difficult to formulate for such complex behavior and equipment, necessitating a primary reliance on illustrative examples. However, some general conclusions are drawn concerning the occurrence, identification, and performance of interactive designs.

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A generalist nematode destabilizes plant competition: no evidence for direct effects, but strong evidence for indirect effects on rhizobia abundance

New Phytologist ◽

10.1111/nph.17943 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Samantha A. Catella ◽

Castilleja Fallon Olmsted ◽

Shaniya H. Markalanda ◽

Connor J. McFadden ◽

Corlett W. Wood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strong Evidence ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Plant Competition ◽

Direct Effects

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6. Remedies in EU Law: Direct Effects, Indirect Effects, State Liability, and Art 267 TFEU

10.1093/he/9780192897961.003.0006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 166-207

Author(s):

Nigel Foster

Keyword(s):

Indirect Effects ◽

Preliminary Ruling ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Eu Law ◽

Procedural Law ◽

National Courts ◽

State Liability ◽

Cover Art ◽

Direct Applicability ◽

The Eu

This chapter brings together a number of related issues that are indirectly linked to the preliminary ruling procedure under Art 267 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU)—the vehicle by which the leading principles and remedies in EU law were developed by the Court of Justice; in particular, the means by which EU law could be enforced by individuals via the national courts, rather than by the Commission, or other institutions, or member states in direct actions before the CJEU. The discussions cover Art 267 TFEU; direct applicability and direct effects; state liability; and national procedural law and the system of remedies.

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Liquidity constraints, spillovers, and entrepreneurship: evidence from a cash transfer program

Small Business Economics ◽

10.1007/s11187-019-00178-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 1131-1158

Author(s):

Rafael P. Ribas

Keyword(s):

Indirect Effect ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Financial Constraints ◽

Liquidity Constraints ◽

Cash Transfer ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Transfer Program ◽

Liquidity Shocks ◽

Liquidity Shock

Abstract This paper exploits a liquidity shock from a welfare program in Brazil to investigate the role of financial constraints, in opposition to general equilibrium mechanisms, in explaining entrepreneurship. Previous research focuses exclusively on how liquidity changes recipients’ behavior through direct effects on reducing constraints. However, liquidity shocks may also produce spillovers from recipients to others and thereby indirectly affect entrepreneurial decisions. This paper presents a method for decomposing the liquidity shock into direct effects associated with relieving individual constraints, and indirect effects associated with spillovers to other individuals. Results suggest that the program, which assists 20 percent of Brazilian households, increased the number of small entrepreneurs by 10 percent. However, this increase is entirely driven by the indirect effect. Further tests suggest that this effect is associated with an increase in private transfers between households. Thus, entrepreneurship tends to respond more to the interaction between households than to financial constraints.

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Separating direct and indirect effects of rising temperatures on biogenic volatile emissions in the Arctic

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2008901117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (51) ◽

pp. 32476-32483

Author(s):

Riikka Rinnan ◽

Lars L. Iversen ◽

Jing Tang ◽

Ida Vedel-Petersen ◽

Michelle Schollert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indirect Effects ◽

Model Simulation ◽

Atmospheric Composition ◽

The Arctic ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Arctic Ecosystems ◽

Voc Emissions ◽

Local Climate

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released from biogenic sources in a temperature-dependent manner. Consequently, Arctic ecosystems are expected to greatly increase their VOC emissions with ongoing climate warming, which is proceeding at twice the rate of global temperature rise. Here, we show that ongoing warming has strong, increasing effects on Arctic VOC emissions. Using a combination of statistical modeling on data from several warming experiments in the Arctic tundra and dynamic ecosystem modeling, we separate the impacts of temperature and soil moisture into direct effects and indirect effects through vegetation composition and biomass alterations. The indirect effects of warming on VOC emissions were significant but smaller than the direct effects, during the 14-y model simulation period. Furthermore, vegetation changes also cause shifts in the chemical speciation of emissions. Both direct and indirect effects result in large geographic differences in VOC emission responses in the warming Arctic, depending on the local vegetation cover and the climate dynamics. Our results outline complex links between local climate, vegetation, and ecosystem–atmosphere interactions, with likely local-to-regional impacts on the atmospheric composition.

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