Behavioral Factors Associated with Medication Nonadherence in Patients with Hypertension

Medication nonadherence is associated with an increased risk of complications in hypertensive patients. We investigated behavioral factors associated with medication nonadherence in hypertensive patients in southern Taiwan. Using questionnaires, we collected data regarding clinicodemographic characteristics and nonadherence behaviors from 238 hypertensive patients. We assessed the self-reported prevalence of specific behaviors of medication nonadherence and investigated factors associated with each behavior using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The most common behavior of medication nonadherence was forgetting to take medication (28.6%), followed by discontinuing medication (9.2%) and reducing the medication dose (8.8%). Age ≥ 65 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15–0.69) and male sex (aOR = 2.61, CI = 1.31–5.19) were associated with forgetting to take medication. The presence of comorbidities (diabetes, kidney disease, or both) and insomnia (aOR = 3.97, 95% CI = 1.30–12.1) was associated with reducing the medication dose. The use of diet supplements was associated with discontinuing the medication (aOR = 4.82, 95% CI = 1.50–15.5). Compliance with a low oil/sugar/sodium diet was a protective factor against discontinuing medication (aOR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.03–0.75). The most pervasive behavior associated with medication nonadherence among hypertensive patients was forgetting to take medication. Age <65 years, male sex, comorbidities, insomnia, noncompliance with diet, and the use of dietary supplements were specifically associated with medication nonadherence.

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Long-term mortality rates and associated risk factors following primary and revision knee arthroplasty

The Bone & Joint Journal ◽

10.1302/0301-620x.104b1.bjj-2021-0753.r1 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 104-B (1) ◽

pp. 45-52

Author(s):

Liam Zen Yapp ◽

Nick D. Clement ◽

Matthew Moran ◽

Jon V. Clarke ◽

A. Hamish R. W. Simpson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Revision Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Male Sex ◽

Long Term Mortality

Aims The aim of this study was to determine the long-term mortality rate, and to identify factors associated with this, following primary and revision knee arthroplasty (KA). Methods Data from the Scottish Arthroplasty Project (1998 to 2019) were retrospectively analyzed. Patient mortality data were linked from the National Records of Scotland. Analyses were performed separately for the primary and revised KA cohorts. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated for the population at risk. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards were used to identify predictors and estimate relative mortality risks. Results At a median 7.4 years (interquartile range (IQR) 4.0 to 11.6) follow-up, 27.8% of primary (n = 27,474/98,778) and 31.3% of revision (n = 2,611/8,343) KA patients had died. Both primary and revision cohorts had lower mortality rates than the general population (SMR 0.74 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.74); p < 0.001; SMR 0.83 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.86); p < 0.001, respectively), which persisted for 12 and eighteight years after surgery, respectively. Factors associated with increased risk of mortality after primary KA included male sex (hazard ratio (HR) 1.40 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.45)), increasing socioeconomic deprivation (HR 1.43 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.50)), inflammatory polyarthropathy (HR 1.79 (95% CI 1.68 to 1.90)), greater number of comorbidities (HR 1.59 (95% CI 1.51 to 1.68)), and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) requiring revision (HR 1.92 (95% CI 1.57 to 2.36)) when adjusting for age. Similarly, male sex (HR 1.36 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.49)), increasing socioeconomic deprivation (HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.52)), inflammatory polyarthropathy (HR 1.24 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.37)), greater number of comorbidities (HR 1.64 (95% CI 1.33 to 2.01)), and revision for PJI (HR 1.35 (95% 1.18 to 1.55)) were independently associated with an increased risk of mortality following revision KA when adjusting for age. Conclusion The SMR of patients undergoing primary and revision KA was lower than that of the general population and remained so for several years post-surgery. However, approximately one in four patients undergoing primary and one in three patients undergoing revision KA died within tenten years of surgery. Several patient and surgical factors, including PJI, were associated with the risk of mortality within ten years of primary and revision surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):45–52.

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Prehospital factors associated with death on hospital arrival after traffic crash in Japan: a national observational study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025350 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e025350

Author(s):

Yusuke Katayama ◽

Tetsuhisa Kitamura ◽

Kosuke Kiyohara ◽

Junya Sado ◽

Tomoya Hirose ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Rural Area ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Night Time ◽

Hospital Arrival ◽

Traffic Crash ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Back Seat ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽

Male Sex

ObjectiveAlthough it is important to assess prehospital factors associated with traffic crash fatalities to decrease them as a matter of public health, such factors have not been fully revealed.MethodsUsing data from the Japanese Trauma Data Bank, a large hospital-based trauma registry in Japan, we retrospectively analysed traffic crash patients transported to participating facilities that treated patients with severe trauma from 2004 to 2015. This study defined registered emergency patients whose systolic blood pressure was 0 mm Hg or heart rate was 0 bpm at hospital arrival as being in prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). Prehospital factors associated with prehospital CPA due to traffic crash were assessed with multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn total, 66 243 patients were eligible for analysis. Of them, 3390 (5.1%) patients were in CPA at hospital arrival. A multivariable logistic regression model showed the following factors to be significantly associated with prehospital CPA: ages 60–74 years (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.256, 95% CI 1.142 to 1.382) and ≥75 years (AOR 1.487, 95% CI 1.336 to 1.654), male sex (AOR 1.234, 95% CI 1.139 to 1.338), night-time (AOR 1.575, 95% CI 1.458 to 1.702), weekend including holiday (AOR 1.078, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.161), rural area (AOR 1.181, 95% CI 1.097 to 1.271), back seat passenger (AOR 1.227, 95% CI 0.985 to 1.528) and pedestrian (AOR 1.754, 95% CI 1.580 to 1.947) as types of patients.ConclusionIn this population, factors associated with prehospital CPA due to a traffic crash were elderly people, male sex, night-time, weekend/holiday, back seat passenger, pedestrian and rural area. These fundamental data may be of help in reducing and preventing traffic crash deaths.

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Abandoning resectional intent in patients initially deemed suitable for esophagectomy: a nationwide study of risk factors and outcomes

Diseases of the Esophagus ◽

10.1093/dote/doaa088 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

David Edholm ◽

Mats Lindblad ◽

Gustav Linder

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Advanced Disease ◽

Gastroesophageal Junction ◽

Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Impact On Survival

Summary The main curative treatment modality for esophageal cancer is resection. Patients initially deemed suitable for resection may become unsuitable, most commonly due to signs of generalized disease or having become unfit for surgery. The aim was to assess risk factors for abandoning esophagectomy and its impact on survival. All patients diagnosed with an esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer in the Swedish National Register for Esophageal and Gastric Cancer from 2006–2016 were included and risk factors associated with becoming ineligible for resection were analyzed in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Overall survival was explored by multivariable Cox regression models. Among 1,792 patients planned for resection, 189 (11%) became unsuitable for resection before surgery and 114 (6%) had exploratory surgery without resection. Intermediate and high educational levels were associated with an increased probability of resection (odds ratio (OR) 1.46, 95% CI 1.05–2.05, OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.28–2.87, respectively) as was marital status (married: OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01–1.85). Clinically advanced disease (cT4: OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16–0.87; cN3: OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09–0.81) and neoadjuvant treatment were associated with a decreased probability of resection (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46–0.88). Five-year survival for non-resected patients was only 4.5% although neoadjuvant treatment was associated with improved survival (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56–0.99). Non-resected patients with squamous cell carcinoma had comparatively reduced survival (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.10–2.43). High socioeconomic status was associated with an increased probability of completing the plan to resect whereas clinically advanced disease and neoadjuvant treatment were independent factors associated with increased risk of abandoning resectional intent.

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P5457Assessment of carotid cross sectional area in hypertensive patients: phenotyping and prognostic validation in the campania salute network

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0413 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

C Mancusi ◽

R Izzo ◽

M A Losi ◽

E Barbato ◽

V Trimarco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Left Ventricular ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Older Age ◽

Prognostic Impact ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Male Sex

Abstract Background Increased intima media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery (CA) is considered the hallmark of vascular hypertension-mediated target organ damage, even though vessel remodeling due to mechanical stress can be accompanied also by changes in diameter. Purpose We developed a method computing both diameter and IMT of CA, and assessed correlates and prognostic impact of carotid cross sectional area (CCSA) in a large registry of treated hypertensive patients. Methods We selected 7049 hypertensive patients of the Campania Salute Network registry free of overt cardiovascular (CV) disease and with available CA ultrasound (54±11 yrs; 57% male). CCSA was computed as: π × [((CA diameter + 2 × (mean IMT)) / 2)]2 − π × [((CA diameter) / 2)]2. Results CCSA was considered high if >90th percentile of the sex-specific distribution (>48 mm2 in men and >41 mm2 in women). Higher CCSA correlated with older age, male sex, higher pulse pressure (PP), higher total and LDL cholesterol and presence of diabetes (p<0.01 for all). During a median follow-up of 45 months (IQR 19–92), 324 incident composite major and minor CV events occurred. In Cox regression analysis high CCSA was associated with more than 100% increased risk of incident CV events (p<0.0001, figure), independently of the effect of older age, male sex, PP>60mmHg, presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), carotid plaque (CP), and less anti-RAS therapy (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions In treated hypertensive patients, increased CCSA is associated with worse metabolic and lipid profile and predict incident CV events, independently of high PP, presence of LVH and CP.

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Treatment Outcomes Among Older Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adults in Nigeria

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofx031 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Patricia A. Agaba ◽

Seema T. Meloni ◽

Halima M. Sule ◽

Oche O. Agbaji ◽

Atiene S. Sagay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Patients ◽

Viral Suppression ◽

Older Age ◽

University Teaching ◽

World Health ◽

Stage Iii ◽

Hazard Models ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Male Sex

Abstract Background Older age at initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Our objectives were to compare outcomes between older and younger patients in our clinical cohort in Jos, Nigeria. Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients enrolled on cART at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria between 2004 and 2012. We compared baseline and treatment differences between older (≥50 years) and younger (15–49 years) patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models estimated survival and loss to follow-up (LTFU) and determined factors associated with these outcomes at 24 months. Results Of 8352 patients, 643 (7.7%) were aged ≥50 years. The median change in CD4 count from baseline was 151 vs 132 (P = .0005) at 12 months and 185 vs 151 cells/mm3 (P = .03) at 24 months for younger and older patients, respectively. A total of 68.9% vs 71.6% (P = .13) and 69.6% vs 74.8% (P = .005) of younger and older patients achieved viral suppression at 12 and 24 months, with similar incidence of mortality and LTFU. In adjusted hazard models, factors associated with increased risk of mortality were male sex, World Health Organization (WHO) stage III/IV, and having a gap in care, whereas being fully suppressed was protective. The risk of being LTFU was lower for older patients, those fully suppressed virologically and with adherence rates >95%. Male sex, lack of education, WHO stage III/IV, body mass index <18.5 kg/m2, and having a gap in care independently predicted LTFU. Conclusions Older patients achieved better viral suppression, and older age was not associated with increased mortality or LTFU in this study.

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Abstract 335: Distinguishing Cardiac From Non-Cardiac Causes of Sudden Death: The Value of Novel Factors to Identify Risk of SCD

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.138.suppl_2.335 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 138 (Suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Katherine S Allan ◽

Theresa Aves ◽

Arnold Pinter ◽

Laurie Morrison ◽

Paul Dorian

Keyword(s):

Chest Pain ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Greater Toronto Area ◽

Younger Age ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Future Events ◽

Male Sex

Introduction: Identifying those at risk for Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is imperative to prevent future events. There may be risk factors (RFs), triggers or warning symptoms preceding the SCD that could help identify those at greatest risk. Methods: This retrospective study included out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) of “no obvious cause” in the Greater Toronto Area, ages 2-45 from 2009-2012. Expert reviewers systematically adjudicated EMS, coroner, autopsy, toxicology and police reports to classify the etiology of arrest as SCD or SD due to non-cardiac etiologies (non-cardiac SDs). We compared past medical history, triggers and symptoms in the adjudicated SCD and non-cardiac SD groups and assessed their potential associations with SCD. Results: 872 OHCAs were classified as SCDs (488; 56%) or non-cardiac SDs (384; 44%). The SCDs were mostly CAD (203; 41.6%), structural (155; 31.8%), congenital (8; 1.6%) and primary arrhythmic (76; 15.6%). The non-cardiac SDs were due to acute infection (67; 17.4%), metabolic (75, 19.5%), epilepsy (69, 18.0%), vascular (106; 27.6%) and respiratory (35, 9.1%). Cardiac RFs and exercise as a trigger were observed significantly more in SCDs vs. non-cardiac SDs (Table 1). Symptoms ≤24 hours prior were similar between groups except for chest pain and diaphoresis. After adjusting for patient and resuscitation variables, factors associated with increased risk of SCD were: increasing age (OR 1.03; 95%CI 1.01-1.05), male sex (OR 1.90; 95%CI 1.30-2.70), HTN (OR 1.80; 95%CI 1.11-3.10), smoking (1.60; 95%CI 1.02-2.60), public location (OR 2.10; 95%CI 1.13-3.80), exercise (OR 3.0 95%CI 1.56-5.59) and chest pain ≤24 hours prior (OR 2.90 95%CI 1.30-6.42). Conclusion: Many young SCDs have previously diagnosed cardiac RFs and acute symptoms suggestive of ischemia prior to their event. These findings highlight the potential value of better public awareness in the younger age group for signs and symptoms of ischemia and potential risk for SCD.

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Factors associated with thrombocytopenia in patients with dengue fever: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e035120

Author(s):

Bruna M Castilho ◽

Marcus T Silva ◽

André R R Freitas ◽

Izabela Fulone ◽

Luciane Cruz Lopes

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Haematological Changes ◽

Male Sex

ObjectiveSome patients with dengue fever tend to develop thrombocytopenia during the course of infection and are thus vulnerable to haemorrhagic manifestations and other complications. However, the factors associated with the development of thrombocytopenia are unknown. We aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of thrombocytopenia and haematological changes in patients with confirmed dengue fever.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingBrazilian multicentre primary care databases.Participants387 patients had positive laboratory serological confirmation of dengue infection during 2014. The data were identified from two databases: Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN) and Municipal Laboratory.Main outcome measureThe presence of thrombocytopenia (platelet count <1 50×109/L). The associations of factors that predisposed patients to thrombocytopenia and haematological changes were analysed using logistic regression. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated.ResultsAmong 387 patients, 156 had both dengue and thrombocytopenia. The risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia included male sex (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.16 to 2.71, p=0.007), age of 46–64 years (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.15 to 4.21, p=0.009) or ≥65 years (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.40 to 6.50, p=0.002), presence of leucopenia (OR: 6.85, 95% CI: 4.27 to 10.99, p<0.001) and high mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) levels (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.29 to 3.12, p=0.005).ConclusionOlder age, male sex, presence of leucopenia and high MCH levels were identified as risk factors associated with the development of thrombocytopenia in this population.

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Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism After Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Nationwide Danish Cohort Study of 28,546 Patients With Achilles Tendon Rupture

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546519876054 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (13) ◽

pp. 3229-3237 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Melissa Hornbæk Pedersen ◽

Liv Riisager Wahlsten ◽

Henrik Grønborg ◽

Gunnar Hilmar Gislason ◽

Michael Mørk Petersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Achilles Tendon ◽

Tendon Rupture ◽

Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽

Nonoperative Treatment ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Male Sex

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-known complication of Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) and carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Although routine thromboprophylaxis for patients with ATR is not recommended, sparse knowledge is available regarding risk factors associated with VTE in patients with ATR. Purpose: To use Danish nationwide registers to identify incidence rates for symptomatic VTE and risk factors associated with increased risk of developing VTE in patients with ATR. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: By crosslinking nationwide registers, we identified all patients with diagnosed ATR in Denmark from 1997 to 2015. We stratified patients into 4 groups by age and treatment modality (ie, operative vs nonoperative treatment). The main outcome was VTE within 180 days. We calculated crude incidence rates and considered age, sex, year, comorbidities, and medications as risk factors for VTE in Poisson regression models. Results: We identified 28,546 patients with ATR, of whom 389 (1.36%) were hospitalized with VTE during the follow-up period: 278 due to deep vein thromboses and 138 due to pulmonary embolism. Incidence rates were highest during the first month and ranged from 4.6 to 14.6 events per 100 person-years. VTEs were most frequent among nonoperatively treated patients aged ≥50 years. In Poisson regression analyses, having had VTE beforehand was associated with an increased risk of VTE, as was male sex in the nonoperative treatment group aged ≥50 years; among women <50 years of age, hormonal contraceptives led to a 4- to 6-fold higher risk of VTE compared with patients in the same group without the equivalent risk factor. Conclusion: In this nationwide cohort of patients with ATR, 1.36% developed symptomatic VTE during follow-up. Hormonal contraception, previous VTE, older age group, and male sex increased the risk of VTE. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that focus on risk stratification and initiatives to prevent VTE might be warranted. A randomized controlled trial could answer this question.

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Gestational weight gain outside the 2009 Institute of Medicine recommendations: novel psychological and behavioural factors associated with inadequate or excess weight gain in a prospective cohort study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03555-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yu Yang Feng ◽

Zhijie Michael Yu ◽

Sherry van Blyderveen ◽

Louis Schmidt ◽

Wendy Sword ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Behavioral Factors ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Study Population ◽

Behavioural Factors

Abstract Background Previous studies have noted traditional physical, demographic, and obstetrical predictors of inadequate or excess gestational weight gain, but the roles of psychological and behavioral factors are not well established. Few interventions targeting traditional factors of gestational weight gain have been successful, necessitating exploration of new domains. The objective of this study was to identify novel psychological and behavioral factors, along with physical, demographic, and obstetrical factors, associated with gestational weight gain that is discordant with the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines (inadequate or excess gain). Methods We recruited English-speaking women with a live singleton fetus at 8 to 20 weeks of gestation who received antenatal care from 12 obstetrical, family medicine, and midwifery clinics. A questionnaire was used to collect information related to demographic, physical, obstetrical, psychological, and behavioural factors anticipated to be related to weight gain. The association between these factors and total gestational weight gain, classified as inadequate, appropriate, and excess, was examined using stepwise multinomial logistic regression. Results Our study population comprised 970 women whose baseline data were obtained at a mean of 14.8 weeks of gestation ±3.4 weeks (standard deviation). Inadequate gestational weight gain was associated with obesity, planned gestational weight gain (below the guidelines or not reported), anxiety, and eating sensibly when with others but overeating when alone, while protective factors were frequent pregnancy-related food cravings and preferring an overweight or obese body size image. Excess gestational weight gain was associated with pre-pregnancy overweight or obese body mass index, planned gestational weight gain (above guidelines), frequent eating in front of a screen, and eating sensibly when with others but overeating when alone, while a protective factor was being underweight pre-pregnancy. Conclusions In addition to commonly studied predictors, this study identified psychological and behavioral factors associated with inadequate or excess gestational weight gain. Factors common to both inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain were also identified, emphasizing the multidimensional nature of the contributors to guideline-discordant weight gain.

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Mental health and substance use associated with hospitalization among people with laboratory confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 in British Columbia: a population-based cohort study

10.1101/2021.08.26.21262697 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Héctor Alexander Velásquez García ◽

James Wilton ◽

Kate Smolina ◽

Mei Chong ◽

Drona Rasali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Substance Use ◽

Hospital Admission ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Older Age ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Adjusted Risk ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Male Sex

Background: This study identified factors associated with hospital admission among people with laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases in British Columbia. Methods: This study was performed using the BC COVID-19 Cohort, which integrates data on all COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, medical visits, emergency room visits, prescription drugs, chronic conditions and deaths. The analysis included all laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases in British Columbia as of January 15th, 2021. We evaluated factors associated with hospital admission using multivariable Poisson regression analysis with robust error variance. Findings: From 56,874 COVID-19 cases included in the analyses, 2,298 were hospitalized. Models showed significant association of the following factors with increased hospitalization risk: male sex (adjusted risk ratio (aRR)=1.27; 95%CI=1.17-1.37), older age (p-trend <0.0001 across age groups with a graded increase in hospitalization risk with increasing age [aRR 30-39 years=3.06; 95%CI=2.32-4.03, to aRR 80+years=43.68; 95%CI=33.41-57.10 compared to 20-29 years-old]), asthma (aRR=1.15; 95%CI=1.04-1.26), cancer (aRR=1.19; 95%CI=1.09-1.29), chronic kidney disease (aRR=1.32; 95%CI=1.19-1.47), diabetes (treated without insulin aRR=1.13; 95%CI=1.03-1.25, requiring insulin aRR=5.05; 95%CI=4.43-5.76), hypertension (aRR=1.19; 95%CI=1.08-1.31), injection drug use (aRR=2.51; 95%CI=2.14-2.95), intellectual and developmental disabilities (aRR=1.67; 95%CI=1.05-2.66), problematic alcohol use (aRR=1.63; 95%CI=1.43-1.85), immunosuppression (aRR=1.29; 95%CI=1.09-1.53), and schizophrenia and psychotic disorders (aRR=1.49; 95%CI=1.23-1.82). Among women of reproductive age, in addition to age and comorbidities, pregnancy (aRR=2.69; 95%CI=1.42-5.07) was associated with increased risk of hospital admission. Interpretation: Older age, male sex, substance use, intellectual and developmental disability, chronic comorbidities, and pregnancy increase the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization. Funding: BC Centre for Disease Control, Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

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