Desert Related Death

Introduction: Desert death is defined as any death that occurs in the desert and could be attributed to a list of causes including environmental, animal related, undetermined, and other causes. Death in the desert seems to be obscure and little discussed in the field of forensic medicine, despite its importance, and there is only limited literature available on this broad topic. This narrative review aims to identify the most common causes of desert death and its medicolegal implications. Desert death causes: Environmental causes of death could be a result of temperature and lightening-related causes. Moreover, a variety of animals found in deserts are considered to be threatening and fatal, in addition to other and undetermined causes. Medicolegal implications of desert death: Likely to arise from the difficulties faced in finding the cause of death are the identification of the victim and the postmortem injuries that occur. Conclusion: Desert death is a broad topic with great medicolegal significance. More information and case reports need to be added in the literature. Guidelines for people about the danger of going to deserts in specific weather conditions should be implemented. Safety regulations must be taken into account at all times.

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Suicidal Death Autopsy Analysis at Dhaka Medical College

Bangladesh Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9957 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 18-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MN Hossain ◽

Z Rahman ◽

S Akhter

Keyword(s):

Forensic Medicine ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Autopsy Report ◽

Common Causes ◽

Suicidal Death

A cross sectional study was carried out at the department of Forensic Medicine in Dhaka Medical College during the period of January 2008 to December 2009. Data were collected from 3rd copy of the post mortem reports which were preserved in the department of Forensic Medicine with the verbal consent of the doctors who performed autopsy report. During this period total 5114 autopsies were conducted. Out of this 970 cases (19%) were suicidal in nature. It was noticed that all suicidal deaths occurred from 10 years to all age group respectively, but top amongst age group of suicidal deaths occurred in between 21 to 30 years of people. Suicidal deaths are more common in female than male. Suicidal deaths due to hanging is highest, next common causes of death due to organophosphorus compund poisoning. Suicidal deaths by hanging is more in female than male but in poisoning cases male are more lvictimised than female. Objectives of our study are to see the occurrence and methods of suicidal death. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9957 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 18-21

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Iatrogenic pulmonary edema as a cause of death in burns

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1868 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 635-638

Author(s):

Thamir M. Kadhim

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Edema ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Forensic Medicine ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Fluid Replacement ◽

Burn Victims ◽

Burn Unit ◽

Burn Units ◽

One Year

Global mortality from the burn is decreasing while in Iraq is still rising. This study was designed to determine the paucity of data regarding the cause of death in the burn, which may be a participating factor and should eliminate it. A post-mortal field study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine in the province of Babylon, Iraq, for a year period, from the 1st of January 2017 to the 1st of January 2018. The total deaths were 1310, and the whole number of deaths by burn accidents in Babylon, Iraq, was 81(6.18% of all causes of death in a year). 65 were females (80.24%), 16 were males (19.75%). Deaths with no history of admission more than 3day in burn units, age over 45years, cardiovascular diseases patients, heavy smokers, inhalational injuries victims, all were excluded, so 68 burn victims were subjected to a full, typical autopsy at the Department of Forensic Medicine in the province of Babylon for one year period, with all necessary laboratory tests, in order to diagnose the direct cause of their death. For assessing small size area burn, we used small paper the size of the victim whole hand (represent 1% of TBSA), for a larger area, the Lund and Browder chart was used. Deaths were divided into 2 groups according to the period of admission at the burn unit. The first group (3-7 days of admission) with 60 victims, and the second (more than 7 days) with 8 victims. 17 victims with in the first group, had no prominent autopsy findings, but severe pulmonary edema, edema of other organs, no pathogenic organisms were isolated, the laboratory tests were accepted. Their medical records in the burn unit showed overestimation in the assessment of burn area size above the actual percentage by (20-35%). The major causes of death in the first group were septicemia 42.46%, pneumonia 32.35% and primary pulmonary edema 25%, caused mainly by overloading the circulation with fluids. Precise assessment of burn area size, ensuring proper fluid replacement and lowering the mortality rate.

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Undetermined Drowning

Medicine Science and the Law ◽

10.1258/rsmmsl.43.3.207 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 207-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Philippe Lunetta ◽

Gordon S Smith ◽

Antti Penttila ◽

Antti Sajantila

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

Forensic Medicine ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Diagnostic Approach ◽

Death Certification ◽

Manner Of Death ◽

Borderline Cases ◽

Initial Opinion ◽

Level Of Training ◽

Legal Training

Drowning is one of the leading causes of death when the manner of death remains undetermined. In the present study, we examined the epidemiological and medico-legal profile of 276 undetermined deaths (M:F = 3.4:1; mean age 41.9 ± 16.0 SD) among 1,707 consecutive bodies found in water and autopsied at the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, from 1976 to 2000. We also describe the differences between the police investigator's initial opinion and the forensic pathologist's death certification, and the different approaches among forensic pathologists when determining the cause of death. There was considerable variation among individual pathologists in the percentage of deaths considered undetermined but these differences were not significantly related to their level of training. Medico-legal training should focus on a standardised diagnostic approach to borderline cases, in which essential factors in determining the manner of death are often ambiguous.

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The Significance of Subendocardial Hemorrhages Detected in Forensic Autopsies

Slovenian Medical Journal ◽

10.6016/zdravvestn.1204 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 84 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Nursel Türkmen İnanır ◽

Selçuk Çetin ◽

Filiz Eren ◽

Bülent Eren

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

Forensic Medicine ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Pathogenic Mechanism ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

State Institute ◽

Study Population ◽

The Relationship

Introduction:In our study, our aim was to reveal the relationship between subendocardial hemorrhage (SEH) which can be seen macroscopically immediately beneath the endocardium, and emerge secondary to many conditions from direct cardiac, head, and abdominal traumas to hyperemia, and its location with cause of death, its diagnostic value (if any), and whether it can be evaluated as a vital finding.Material and Method :285 autopsy cases diagnosed as SEH which were brought to the Group Presidency of Morgue Specialization Department of the State Institute of Forensic Medicine of Bursa were included in the studyResults: Study population consisted of 229 (80.4 %) male, and 56 (19.6 %) female patients. Thity-one cases of death were related to natural causes, while the most frequently detected pathological causes of death were isolated abdominal traumas (32.9 %), followed by isolated head traumas (31.9 %). While traffic accidents ranked first (35.1%) among the events leading to death. Among evaluated cases, SEH was mostly located on septum.Discussion: To fully understand the yet inadequately elucidated pathogenic mechanisms of SEH , it should be accurately defined by histopathological analysis. Even though various causes of death seen in association with these lesions suggest more than one underlying pathogenic mechanism, because of their nonspecific characteristics, their possible roles as indicators of vitality (if any) should be reinforced by further studies.

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Clinical Course from Diagnosis to Death in Patients with Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12082323 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2323

Author(s):

Hyunju Park ◽

Jun Park ◽

So Young Park ◽

Tae Hyuk Kim ◽

Sun Wook Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Common Causes ◽

Regional Disease ◽

Well Differentiated

Because of the low mortality rate of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC), investigation of the clinical course leading to death is limited. We analyzed the cause of death and clinical course from diagnosis to death in patients who died of WDTC. A total of 592 WDTC patients died between 1996 and 2018. After exclusion, 79 patients were enrolled and divided into four groups based on their clinical course; that is, inoperable at the time of diagnosis (inoperable), distant metastasis (DM) detected at the time of diagnosis (initial-DM), DM detected during follow-up (late-DM), and loco-regional disease (L-R). Lung (55.6%) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and bone (46.7%) in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) were the most common metastasis locations. The most common causes of death were respiratory failure (32.3%) and airway obstruction (30.6%) in PTC, and complications due to immobilization arising from bone metastasis (35.3%) in FTC. Brain metastasis was found in 13.3% of patients and had the worst prognosis. The overall survival (OS) differed significantly (p = 0.001) according to clinical course; the inoperable had the shortest survival, followed by the initial-DM, L-R, and late-DM. However, OS did not differ significantly between PTC and FTC patients with initial-DM (p = 0.83). Other causes of death were far more common than death resulting from WDTC. In patients dying of WDTC, the major cause of death varied by metastatic site. OS differed according to clinical course, but not histologic type. Timing and DM sites differed between PTC and FTC.

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Infections and demanding endocrine care contribute to increased mortality in patients with APECED

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-21-0241 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joonatan Borchers ◽

Outi Mäkitie ◽

Saila Laakso

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Circulatory System ◽

National Registry ◽

Adrenal Crisis ◽

Age At Death ◽

Common Causes ◽

Overall Mortality

Objective: Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) has variable clinical course. Overall mortality is increased but reasons for this remain largely unknown. Our objective was to assess the causes of death and factors contributing to increased mortality. Design: A follow-up study of the Finnish APECED cohort in 1970-2019. Methods: In 34 deceased patients with APECED, causes of death and clinical course preceding the death were analyzed using national registry data, death certificates, autopsy reports, and patient records. Results: Most common causes leading to death were infections (24%), oral and esophageal malignancies (15%; median age at death 36.7 years; median survival 1.5 years), and diseases of circulatory system (18%). Adrenal crisis was an independent cause of death in two patients. In addition, in four patients, adrenal crisis was a complicating factor during a fatal infection. Other APECED manifestations leading to death were hypoparathyroidism, diabetes, and hepatitis. Other causes of death included accidents (12%), alcohol related causes, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Challenges in the overall, and especially in the endocrine, care contributed to deaths related to carcinomas and adrenal crisis. Age at death and year of death correlated (r = 0.345, P = 0.045), suggesting improved longevity. Conclusions: Infections, malignancies and diseases of circulatory system are the most common primary causes of death in patients with APECED. Adrenal crisis is an independent cause of death but more often a contributing factor in fatal infections. Despite the high overall mortality and the demanding care, our results suggest improved patient survival in recent years.

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Causes of Death After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis: A Population-Based Study

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.647179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Yuqian Feng ◽

Huimin Jin ◽

Kaibo Guo ◽

Harpreet S. Wasan ◽

Shanming Ruan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Population Based ◽

First Year ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Common Causes ◽

Standardized Mortality Ratios

Background: Non-cancer causes of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have not received much attention until now. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the non-cancer causes of death in patients with CRC at different periods of latency.Methods: Eligible patients with CRC were included from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using the SEER*Stat software 8.3.8.Results: A total of 475,771 patients with CRC were included, of whom 230,841 patients died during the follow-up period. Within 5 years, CRC was the leading cause of death. Over time, non-cancer causes of death account for an increasing proportion. When followed up for more than 10 years, non-cancer deaths accounted for 71.9% of all deaths worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases were the most common causes of non-cancer deaths, accounting for 15.4% of the total mortality. Patients had a significantly higher risk of death from septicemia within the first year after diagnosis compared with the general population (SMR, 3.39; 95% CI, 3.11–3.69). Within 5–10 years after CRC diagnosis, patients had a significantly higher risk of death from diabetes mellitus (SMR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.19–1.36). During the course of more than 10 years, patients with CRC had a significantly higher risk of death from atherosclerosis (SMR 1.47; 95% CI, 1.11–1.9).Conclusions: Although CRC has always been the leading cause of death in patients with CRC, non-cancer causes of death should not be ignored. For patients with cancer, we should not only focus on anti-tumor therapies but also pay attention to the occurrence of other risks to prevent and manage them in advance.

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Causes of Death in Stray Cat Colonies of Milan: A Five-Year Report

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11113308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3308

Author(s):

Valeria Grieco ◽

Paola Crepaldi ◽

Chiara Giudice ◽

Paola Roccabianca ◽

Giuseppe Sironi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Stray Cats ◽

Good Body Condition ◽

Common Causes ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Adult Cats ◽

Stray Cat

The presence of cats in urban environments has a long history. In Italy, stray cats are protected by national and regional laws, and programs of neutering and reintroduction to colonies are ongoing. Colony cats have been widely studied from a behavioral perspective, while surveys regarding their causes of death are limited, although they may provide relevant information related to public health and cat welfare. This retrospective study provides pathological descriptions and statistical analyses of the causes of death of 186 cats from 100 colonies in the city of Milan. Inflammatory processes represent the primary cause of death (37.7%) and include common feline infectious diseases such as feline panleukopenia (67.5%), particularly in kittens, and feline infectious peritonitis (32.5%), most common in adult cats. Trauma was found to be a common cause of death of young/adult cats (14%) with a generally good body condition, while severe parasitosis was less represented (2.6%). The death of old cats was statistically associated with organ failure (24.7%), particularly renal failure, and tumors (11.8%). Knowledge of the most common causes of death of colony cats could make an important contribution to the health monitoring of these cats and sanitary control of their habitats and provide information on possible related emerging animal welfare concerns.

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Gambaran Sebab Kematian pada Kasus Ekshumasi di Sulawesi Utara dan Gorontalo Tahun 2016-2018

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.7.2.2019.26782 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Adi W. S. Lumuhu ◽

Erwin Kristanto ◽

Nola T. S. Mallo

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Blunt Trauma ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Forensic Medicine ◽

The Other ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Using Data ◽

Causes Of Deaths ◽

Death Causes

Abstract: Exhumation is removing buried corpse to reidentify the corpse due to suspicion of the cause of death by the authorities. This study was aimed to obtain the causes of deaths of exhumated cases in North Sulawesi and Gorontalo during years 2016 to 2018. This study was conducted at the Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado. This was a descriptive and retrospective study using data of Visum et Repertum. There were 10 exhumated cases during those years. Most cases were male (5 cases ~ 50%). The dominating sex was male (6 cases ~ 60%). The highest number of age was 14 years (3 cases ~ 30%). Of 10 exhumated cases, the causes of deaths could be determined in 8 cases. The most fequent causes of deaths was blunt trauma on the head that caused brain tissue injuries (4 cases ~ 40%). In two baby corpses, the causes of deaths could not be determined since both lungs were decomposed and the other baby was a stillbirth. In conclusion, most death causes of exhumated cases in North Sulawesi and Gorontalo registered during years 2016 to 2018 at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado could be determinedand and the main cause of death was blunt trauma on the head that caused brain tissue injuryKeywords: exhumation, cause of death Abstrak: Ekshumasi adalah penggalian jenazah untuk mengidentifikasi kembali jenazah karena timbulnya kecurigaan terhadap kematian seseorang oleh pihak berwenang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran sebab kematian pada kasus ekshumasi di Sulawesi Utara dan Gorontalo tahun 2016-2018. Penelitian dilakukan di Bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif menggunakan hasil Visum et Repertum. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 10 kasus ekshumasi selama tahun 2016-2018. Kasus terbanyak yaitu pada tahun 2016 yaitu 5 kasus (50%). Jenis kelamin jenazah didominasi oleh laki-laki sebanyak 6 kasus (60%). Usia terbanyak ialah 14 tahun berjumlah 3 kasus (30%). Dari 10 kasus ekshumasi, 8 kasus dapat ditentukan sebab kematian dengan sebab kematian terbanyak ialah kekerasan tumpul pada bagian kepala yang menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan otak pada 4 kasus (40%). Pada dua kasus bayi, sebab kematian tidak dapat ditentukan karena kedua paru sudah sangat membusuk sedangkan bayi lainnya lahir tidak bernapas. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah secara keseluruhan sebab kematian pada kasus ekshumasi di Sulawesi Utara dan Gorontalo yang masuk di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou tahun 2016-2018 dapat diungkapkan dengan kekerasan tumpul pada bagian kepala yang menyebabkan kerusak-an jaringan otak sebagai sebab kematian utama.Kata kunci: ekshumasi, sebab kematian

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Lessons Learned from Data Mining of WHO Mortality Database

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.3414/me10-02-0019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (04) ◽

pp. 380-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

W. Paoin

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Association Analysis ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

World Health ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Common Causes ◽

The World ◽

C4.5 Decision Tree ◽

Health Organization

SummaryObjectives: The objectives of this research were to test the ability of classification algorithms to predict the cause of death in the mortality data with unknown causes, to find association between common causes of death, to identify groups of countries based on their common causes of death, and to extract knowledge gained from data mining of the World Health Organization mortality database.Methods: The WEKA software version 3.5.3 was used for classification, clustering and association analysis of the World Health Organization mortality database which contained 1,109,537 records. Three major steps were performed: Step 1 – preprocessing of data to convert all records into suitable formats for each type of analysis algorithm; Step 2 – analyzing data using the C4.5 decision tree and Naïve Bayes classification algorithm, K-means clustering algorithm and Apriori association analysis algorithm; Step 3 – interpretation of results and hypothesis testing after clustering analysis.Results: Using a C4.5 decision tree classifier to predict cause of death, we obtained 440 leaf nodes that correctly classify death instances with an accuracy of 40.06%. Naïve Bayes classification algorithm calculated probability of death from each disease that correctly classify death instances with an accuracy of 28.13%. K means clustering divided the data into four clusters with 189, 59, 65, 144 country-years in each cluster. A Chi-square was used to test discriminate disease differences found in each cluster which had different diseases as predominant causes of death. Apriori association analysis produced association rules of linkage among cancer of the lung, hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases. These were found in the top five leading causes of death with 99–100% confidence level.Conclusion: Classification tools produced the poorest results in predicting cause of death. Given the inadequacy of variables in the WHO database, creation of a classification model to predict specific cause of death was impossible. Clustering and association tools yielded interesting results that could be used to identify new areas of interest in mortality data analysis. This can be used in data mining analysis to help solve some quality problems in mortality data.

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