scholarly journals The Potential Impact of Smog Spell on Humans’ Health Amid COVID-19 Rages

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11408
Author(s):  
Ammar Javed ◽  
Farheen Aamir ◽  
Umar Farooq Gohar ◽  
Hamid Mukhtar ◽  
Muhammad Zia-UI-Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Secondary Pollutants ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Potential Impact

Rapid and unchecked industrialization and the combustion of fossil fuels have engendered a state of fear in urban settlements. Smog is a visible form of air pollution that arises due to the over-emissions of some primary pollutants like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrocarbons, SO2, NO, and NO2 which further react in the atmosphere and give rise to toxic and carcinogenic secondary smog components. Smog reduces the visibility on roads and results in road accidents and cancellation of flights. Uptake of primary and secondary pollutants of smog is responsible for several deleterious diseases of which respiratory disorders, cardiovascular dysfunction, neurological disorders, and cancer are discussed here. Children and pregnant women are more prone to the hazards of smog. The worsening menace of smog on one hand and occurrence of pandemic i.e., COVID-19 on the other may increase the mortality rate. But the implementation of lockdown during pandemics has favored the atmosphere in some ways, which will be highlighted in the article. On the whole, the focus of this article will be on the dubious relationship between smog and coronavirus.

scholarly journals Secondary product creation potential (SPCP): a metric for assessing the potential impact of indoor air pollution on human health

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1313-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Carslaw ◽  
David Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Secondary Product ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Air Chemistry ◽  
Product Creation ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Secondary Product Creation Potential (SPCP): a new metric for ranking the impact of volatile organic compounds on indoor air chemistry and human health.

Vicious Cycle of Economic Growth, Pm2.5 and COVID-19 Case of G7 Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rıdvan Karacan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
G7 Countries

<p>Today, production is carried out depending on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels pollute the air as they contain high levels of carbon. Many studies have been carried out on the economic costs of air pollution. However, in the present study, unlike the former ones, economic growth's relationship with the COVID-19 virus in addition to air pollution was examined. The COVID-19 virus, which was initially reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and affected the whole world, has caused many cases and deaths. Researchers have been going on studying how the virus is transmitted. Some of these studies suggest that the number of virus-related cases increases in regions with a high level of air pollution. Based on this fact, it is thought that air pollution will increase the number of COVID-19 cases in G7 Countries where industrial production is widespread. Therefore, the negative aspects of economic growth, which currently depends on fossil fuels, is tried to be revealed. The research was carried out for the period between 2000-2019. Panel cointegration test and panel causality analysis were used for the empirical analysis. Particulate matter known as PM2.5[1] was used as an indicator of air pollution. Consequently, a positive long-term relationship has been identified between PM2.5 and economic growth. This relationship also affects the number of COVID-19 cases.</p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p>[1] "Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an air pollutant that poses the greatest risk to health globally, affecting more people than any other pollutant (WHO, 2018). Chronic exposure to PM2.5 considerably increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in particular (WHO, 2018). For these reasons, population exposure to (outdoor or ambient) PM2.5 has been identified as an OECD Green Growth headline indicator" (OECD.Stat).</p>

The Analysis Of Service Quality Using Importance Performance Analysis For Mrt Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Rina Nur Chasanah ◽  
Andreas Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Five Dimension ◽  
Quality Theory

Public infrastructure and congestion issues become salient problems in Indonesia. According to INRIX Global Traffic Scoreboard (2018): Jakarta was ranked as twelfth worst in the world. Air quality also becoming another issues that derived from traffic congestion causing air pollution. To mitigate this issue, government has been established MRT Jakarta in 2019. This study aims to evaluate and improving service level of Moda Raya Terpadu (MRT) in order to encourage more people using public transportation, moreover altering people using public transportation would reduce the amount of fossil fuels and reducing bad air pollution for a better climate. Methodolgy of the research using service quality theory with five dimension from Parasuraman et. al, and extended in Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. Therefore, data was distributed using questionnaire with 18 item measurement and 102 respondents was collected. As a result, tangibility, reliability, and responsiveness dimension had been classified in quadrant one, followed assurance dimension in quadrant two, however empathy dimension had been measured in quadrant four and indicates to be improved.

Driver’s Drowsiness Detection Using Dlib and IOT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Lakshmi Kompalli ◽  
Padma Vallakati ◽  
Ganapathi Raju Nadimpalli ◽  
Vinod Mahesh Jain ◽  
Samuel Annepogu
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Facial Landmarks ◽  
Drowsiness Detection ◽  
Rear Part ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
Published Paper

Background: Road accidents are major cause of deaths worldwide. This is enormously due to fatigue, drowsiness and microsleep of the drivers. This don’t just risk the life of driver and copassengers but also a great threat to the vehicles and humans moving around that vehicle. Methods: Research, online content and previously published paper related to drowsiness are reviewed. Using the facial landmarks DAT file, the prototype will locate and get the eye coordinates and it will calculate Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR). The EAR indicates whether the driver is drowsy or not based on the result various sensors gets activated such as Alarm generator, LED Indicators, LCD message scroll, message sent to owner and engine gets locked. Results: The prototype is able to locate eyes in the frame and detect whether the person is sleepy or not. Whenever the person is feeling drowsy alarm gets generated in the cabinet on further if the person is feeling drowsy, LED indicators will start glowing, messaging will be scrolling at the rear part of vehicle so that other vehicles and humans gets cautioned and vehicle slows down and engine gets locked. Conclusion: This prototype will help in reduction of road accidents due to human intervention. It is not only helpful to the person who install it in their vehicles but also for the other vehicles and humans moving around it.

scholarly journals Use tumor suppressor genes as biomarkers for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuantao Zhang ◽  
Man Jiang ◽  
Na Zhou ◽  
Helei Hou ◽  
Tianjun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
High Efficient

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Especially, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has higher mortality rate than the other cancers. The high mortality rate is partially due to lack of efficient biomarkers for detection, diagnosis and prognosis. To find high efficient biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of NSCLC patients, we used gene differential expression and gene ontology (GO) to define a set of 26 tumor suppressor (TS) genes. The 26 TS genes were down-expressed in tumor samples in cohorts GSE18842, GSE40419, and GSE21933 and at stages 2 and 3 in GSE19804, and 15 TS genes were significantly down-expressed in tumor samples of stage 1. We used S-scores and N-scores defined in correlation networks to evaluate positive and negative influences of these 26 TS genes on expression of other functional genes in the four independent cohorts and found that SASH1, STARD13, CBFA2T3 and RECK were strong TS genes that have strong accordant/discordant effects and network effects globally impacting the other genes in expression and hence can be used as specific biomarkers for diagnosis of NSCLC cancer. Weak TS genes EXT1, PTCH1, KLK10 and APC that are associated with a few genes in function or work in a special pathway were not detected to be differentially expressed and had very small S-scores and N-scores in all collected datasets and can be used as sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis of early cancer. Our findings are well consistent with functions of these TS genes. GSEA analysis found that these 26 TS genes as a gene set had high enrichment scores at stages 1, 2, 3 and all stages.

Investigating the Spread of Coronavirus Disease via Edge-AI and Air Pollution Correlation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
V. Gomathy ◽  
K. Janarthanan ◽  
Fadi Al-Turjman ◽  
R. Sitharthan ◽  
M. Rajesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Machine Learning Method ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Using Data

Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious viral disease affecting millions of people worldwide in 2020. Several studies have shown that COVID-19 results in a severe acute respiratory syndrome and may lead to death. In past research, a greater number of respiratory diseases has been caused by exposure to air pollution for long periods of time. This article investigates the spread of COVID-19 as a result of air pollution by applying linear regression in machine learning method based edge computing. The analysis in this investigation have been based on the death rates caused by COVID-19 as well as the region of death rates based on hazardous air pollution using data retrieved from the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite. The results obtained in the investigation prove that the mortality rate due to the spread of COVID-19 is 77% higher in areas with polluted air. This investigation also proves that COVID-19 severely affected 68% of the individuals who had been exposed to polluted air.

Beta-Blocker Attenuates Cardiotoxicity Related Anthracycline Usage

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 1389-1392
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Beta Blocker ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Therapy Effectiveness ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents

To summarize the recent trials and studies of the role of beta-blocker on the treatment for cancer patients treated with anthracycline to decrease morbidity and mortality rate. Good management of cancer will result in large numbers of cancer survivors. On the other hand, cancer therapy also has side effects, one of which is cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity could reduce therapy effectiveness, hence, increase disease progression and mortality rate. Anthracyclines is one of the chemotherapy agents with cardiotoxicity as a side effect. Beta-blocker has the ability to reduce cardiotoxicity due to anthracyclines usage. Keywords: Beta-blocker; Cardiotoxicity; Anthracyclines

scholarly journals Bridge-therapy with enoxaparin in the preoperative period of endarterectomy

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-777
Author(s):  
Jair Leopoldo Raso ◽  
Rogério Zenóbio Darwich ◽  
Francisco de Lucca Jr ◽  
Romeu Valle Santana ◽  
Marco Túlio Tanure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Preoperative Period ◽  
Safe Strategy ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Bridge Therapy

Cervical clot is one of the complications of endarterectomy. This risk may be higher in patients using aspirin or clopidogrel. On the other hand, stroke may occur if the medication is interrupted before surgery. We carried out a prospective study of 124 endarterectomies in 119 patients in which aspirin or clopidogrel was stopped and a bridge-therapy with enoxaparin was administered preoperatively. There was no case of stroke during the period of the bridge-therapy. One patient developed cervical clot (0.8%) in the fifth postoperative day. Mortality rate in this series was 0.8%. There was no complication directly related to the use of enoxaparin. Bridge-therapy with low molecular weight heparin is a safe strategy for patients elected for endarterectomy

scholarly journals PM2.5 and Ozone Air Pollution Levels Have Not Dropped Consistently Across the US Following Societal Covid Response

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bujin Bekbulat ◽  
Joshua S. Apte ◽  
Dylan B Millet ◽  
Allen Robinson ◽  
Kelley C. Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Secondary Pollutants ◽  
The Us ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Primary Pollutant ◽  
Ozone Levels ◽  
At Home

<p>Analysis of a large national dataset of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone air pollution from the US Environmental Protection Agency indicate opposing differences in average concentrations during the covid response period, relative to expected levels. These are the two most important pollutants in terms of public health impacts and regulatory non-attainment in the US. Post-covid response, average PM2.5 levels are slightly higher (~5%) than expected; average ozone levels are slightly lower (~5%). The size of post-response ozone anomaly has decreased with time and by week 6 after the first stay-at-home order was enacted (April 29- May 5, 2020), ozone levels were higher than expected. In addition, no individual US state had lower-than-expected PM2.5 and ozone for all weeks post- covid response. Two non-covid factors, meteorology and regional transport, do not fully explain observed trends. These findings are unexpected given the large reduction in many household’s activities associated with “stay at home” and other covid responses. We hypothesize that this result partly arises from the fact that ozone and the majority of PM2.5 are secondary pollutants formed in the atmosphere from emissions from many sources (i.e., not just traffic). Preliminary analysis of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) data in a few cities reveals substantially lower-than-expected (~30%) concentrations post-covid. NO2 is a primary pollutant and is much more strongly associated with traffic than PM2.5 or ozone. </p><p><br></p>

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