scholarly journals Obstetric Violence as an Infringement on Basic Bioethical Principles. Reflections Inspired by Focus Groups with Midwives

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12553
Author(s):  
Júlia Martín-Badia ◽  
Noemí Obregón-Gutiérrez ◽  
Josefina Goberna-Tricas
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Obstetric Violence

Background: obstetric violence is still far too invisible; the word “violence” generates rejection and obstetric violence is complex to define and typify, as it is a subjective experience. It has been widely analyzed from legal, sociological, and clinical perspectives, but not equally so from the bioethical point of view. This article sets out to take a more in-depth look at the experiences of midwives in order to describe the ethical perspectives of obstetric violence. We intend to describe the effects that malpractice and violence within obstetric care have on American and European bioethical principles. Methodology: A qualitative methodology of the phenomenological tradition was used: 24 midwives participated in three focus groups. Results and Discussion: four categories were arrived at; they are “the maleficence of forgetting my vulnerability”, “beneficence requires respect for my integrity and dignity”, “my autonomy is being removed from me” and “a problem of social justice towards us, women”. Conclusion: obstetric violence infringes on the main bioethical principles (non-maleficence, beneficence, autonomy, justice, vulnerability, dignity, and integrity). Beyond whether it is called violence or not, what matters from an ethical perspective is that, as long as women have such negative experiences during pregnancy and childbirth, obstetric care needs better humanizing.

scholarly journals La violencia obstétrica en el embarazo y el parto desde la perspectiva de la vulneración de derechos: autonomía y consentimiento informado = Obstetric violence as a violation of autonomy and informed consent rights in pregnancy and childbirth

2019 ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Marta Busquets Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Obstetric Violence ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth ◽  
In Pregnancy

<p class="Normal1"><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Este artículo explora la violencia obstétrica desde una perspectiva legal centrada en la vulneración de los derechos fundamentales de autonomía y consentimiento informado en el embarazo y el parto. Partiendo de una aproximación a la legalidad vigente aplicable, se explora qué relevancia tienen embarazo y parto a la hora de ejercer estos derechos, así como las creencias y condicionantes que afectan a su interpretación y ejercicio. También se hace un acercamiento a las dimensiones de las vulneraciones en este ámbito. Por último, se presentan distintas propuestas para promover el respeto a los derechos fundamentales en la atención obstétrica.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This article explores obstetric violence from a legal perspective, focusing on the violation of the fundamental rights of autonomy and informed consent in pregnancy and childbirth. Starting from an approximation to the current applicable law , it explores how pregnancy and birth affect these rights, as well as the beliefs and conditions that affect their interpretation and excercise. There is also an approach to the dimensions of the violations in this area. Finally, different proposals are presented to promote  respect for fundamental rights in obstetric care.</p>

Geopolitics of Energy

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Blerina Muskaj
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Political Weapon

At the beginning of my paper I will explain the concept of "Geopolitics of Energy", this will be done for a quite simple reason, because I want everyone who can sit to read this article to understand more clearly what is at stake, therefore allow them the comprehension of what is being elaborated bellow at first sight. Geopolitics of energy is a concept that relates to policies choosing exporters to implement on importers, is the policy that has an impact on energy consumption, which includes consumer’s choice in the geopolitical context, taking into account the economy, foreign policy, the safety of energy, environmental consequences and priorities that carries the energy exporter. This concept permits the understanding of how works the politics that undertakes this initiative taking into account natural resources such as: natural gas and oil. Natural gas and oil are two main resources that produce energy but also two main elements on which arises all the topic in the energetics game. For this paper is used qualitative methodology, through which we were able to accomplish this work. I focused on scientific literature, official publications and reports on energy geopolitics. The main aim has been to show how in this decade, energy security is at the center of geopolitical agenda and has become the focus of numerous political debates. Regarding this point of view, Europe is taking the initiative to create a common energy market within the continent by creating projects, in which Albania appears as a new regional energy potential. Russia, which is aiming to play a role in the international arena, is seeking to position itself geopolitically in "its political weapon", hydrocarbon resources, in particular natural gas resources.

scholarly journals What makes palliative care needs “complex”? A multisite sequential explanatory mixed methods study of patients referred for specialist palliative care

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Finucane ◽  
Connie Swenson ◽  
John I. MacArtney ◽  
Rachel Perry ◽  
Hazel Lamberton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Specialist Palliative Care ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Sequential Explanatory ◽  
Palliative Care Needs

Abstract Background Specialist palliative care (SPC) providers tend to use the term ‘complex’ to refer to the needs of patients who require SPC. However, little is known about complex needs on first referral to a SPC service. We examined which needs are present and sought the perspectives of healthcare professionals on the complexity of need on referral to a hospice service. Methods Multi-site sequential explanatory mixed method study consisting of a case-note review and focus groups with healthcare professionals in four UK hospices. Results Documentation relating to 239 new patient referrals to hospice was reviewed; and focus groups involving 22 healthcare professionals conducted. Most patients had two or more needs documented on referral (96%); and needs were recorded across two or more domains for 62%. Physical needs were recorded for 91% of patients; psychological needs were recorded for 59%. Spiritual needs were rarely documented. Referral forms were considered limited for capturing complex needs. Referrals were perceived to be influenced by the experience and confidence of the referrer and the local resource available to meet palliative care needs directly. Conclusions Complexity was hard to detail or to objectively define on referral documentation alone. It appeared to be a term used to describe patients whom primary or secondary care providers felt needed SPC knowledge or support to meet their needs. Hospices need to provide greater clarity regarding who should be referred, when and for what purpose. Education and training in palliative care for primary care nurses and doctors and hospital clinicians could reduce the need for referral and help ensure that hospices are available to those most in need of SPC input.

scholarly journals Edge Models with the CAD Software: Creating a New Context for Mathematics in Elementary School

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Pielsticker ◽  
Ingo Witzke ◽  
Amelie Vogler
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Toulmin Model ◽  
Geometric Objects ◽  
Design Software ◽  
Aided Design

AbstractDigital media have become increasingly important in recent years and can offer new possibilities for mathematics education in elementary schools. From our point of view, geometry and geometric objects seem to be suitable for the use of computer-aided design software in mathematics classes. Based on the example of Tinkercad, the use of CAD software — a new and challenging context in elementary schools — is discussed within the approach of domains of subjective experience and the Toulmin model. An empirical study examined the influence of Tinkercad on fourth-graders’ development of a model of a geometric solid and related reasoning processes in mathematics classes.

scholarly journals Engaging community pharmacists in quality improvement (QI): a qualitative case study of a partnership between a Higher Education Institute and Local Pharmaceutical Committees

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e001047
Author(s):  
Asam Latif ◽  
Nargis Gulzar ◽  
Fiona Lowe ◽  
Theo Ansong ◽  
Sejal Gohil
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Educational Institute ◽  
Collaboration And Communication ◽  
Improve Service Quality ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundQuality improvement (QI) involves the use of systematic tools and methods to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients. However, awareness and application of QI among healthcare professionals is poor and new strategies are needed to engage them in this area.ObjectivesThis study describes an innovative collaboration between one Higher Educational Institute (HEI) and Local Pharmaceutical Committees (LPCs) to develop a postgraduate QI module aimed to upskill community pharmacists in QI methods. The study explores pharmacist engagement with the learning and investigates the impact on their practice.MethodsDetails of the HEI–LPCs collaboration and communication with pharmacist were recorded. Focus groups were held with community pharmacists who enrolled onto the module to explore their motivation for undertaking the learning, how their knowledge of QI had changed and how they applied this learning in practice. A constructivist qualitative methodology was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe study found that a HEI–LPC partnership was feasible in developing and delivering the QI module. Fifteen pharmacists enrolled and following its completion, eight took part in one of two focus groups. Pharmacists reported a desire to extend and acquire new skills. The HEI–LPC partnership signalled a vote of confidence that gave pharmacists reassurance to sign up for the training. Some found returning to academia challenging and reported a lack of time and organisational support. Despite this, pharmacists demonstrated an enhanced understanding of QI, were more analytical in their day-to-day problem-solving and viewed the learning as having a positive impact on their team’s organisational culture with potential to improve service quality for patients.ConclusionsWith the increased adoption of new pharmacist’s roles and recent changes to governance associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, a HEI–LPC collaborative approach could upskill pharmacists and help them acquire skills to accommodate new working practices.

scholarly journals Conducting focus groups in neurodegenerative disease populations: ethical and methodological considerations

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e041869
Author(s):  
Annabel Jones ◽  
Philippa Morgan-Jones ◽  
Monica Busse ◽  
Victoria Shepherd ◽  
Fiona Wood
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Focus Group Research ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Impact Data ◽  
Based Medicine

BackgroundInvolvement of vulnerable populations in research is critical to inform the generalisability of evidence-based medicine to all groups of the population.ObjectiveIn this communication, we reflect on our previous research, and that of other authors, to identify and explore key ethical and methodological considerations.DiscussionFocus groups are a widely implemented qualitative methodology, but their use, particularly in vulnerable neurodegenerative disease populations, is not straightforward. Although the risk of harm is generally low in focus group research, neurodegenerative disease populations are particularly vulnerable to issues relating to comprehension and their capacity to consent. Physical and cognitive impairments may also affect social interactions among participants and therefore impact data collection and analyses.ConclusionWe offer a number of ethical and methodological recommendations to facilitate the processes of recruitment and data collection when conducting focus groups with neurodegenerative disease populations.

scholarly journals Stigma Experienced by Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Descriptive Review of Qualitative Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Maffoni ◽  
Anna Giardini ◽  
Antonia Pierobon ◽  
Davide Ferrazzoli ◽  
Giuseppe Frazzitta
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Subjective Symptom ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Related Quality

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms. Both of them imply a negative impact on Health-Related Quality of Life. A significant one is the stigma experienced by the parkinsonian patients and their caregivers. Moreover, stigma may affect everyday life and patient’s subjective and relational perception and it may lead to frustration and isolation. Aim of the present work is to qualitatively describe the stigma of PD patients stemming from literature review, in order to catch the subjective experience and the meaning of the stigma construct. Literature review was performed on PubMed database and Google Scholar (keywords: Parkinson Disease, qualitative, stigma, social problem, isolation, discrimination) and was restricted to qualitative data: 14 articles were identified to be suitable to the aim of the present overview. Results are divided into four core constructs: stigma arising from symptoms, stigma linked to relational and communication problems, social stigma arising from sharing perceptions, and caregiver’s stigma. The principal relations to these constructs are deeply analyzed and described subjectively through patients’ and caregiver’s point of view. The qualitative research may allow a better understanding of a subjective symptom such as stigma in parkinsonian patients from an intercultural and a social point of view.

scholarly journals Positive and Negative Experiences, E-safety and Sharing with Others: Surfing the Internet and Social Networks and the Correlations Between Experiences, Self-image and Computer Skills Among Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gila Cohen Zilka
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Computer Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Many

In light of the many major changes in the lives of children and adolescents due to digital developments, this study sought to examine positive and negative experiences, e-safety and sharing with others while surfing the internet and especially social networks from the point of view of children and adolescents. The study also examined the correlation between these experiences, self-image and computer skills. Participating in this mixed-method study were 373 children and teenagers, who were divided into three age groups. The findings showed a positive correlation between self-image, the level of computer skills and the degree of internet use. The measure of self-esteem was found to correlate positively with the parameters of social networks surfing except for the parameter of negative experiences. Social networks and internet use among 16-18-year-olds was found to be higher than among younger children, with a rise in the number of teenagers&rsquo; negative experiences that corresponded to the rise in use. The adolescents also mentioned they had been exposed to violent content at a higher rate than the younger groups.

Wearable Kinesthetic System for Joint Knee Flexion-Extension Monitoring In Gait Analysis

2011 ◽  
pp. 792-800
Author(s):  
Mario Tesconi ◽  
Enzo Pasquale Scilingo ◽  
Pierluigi Barba ◽  
Danilo De Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Patient Status ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Movement Ability

Posture and motion of body segments are the result of a mutual interaction of several physiological systems such as nervous, muscle-skeletal, and sensorial. Patients who suffer from neuromuscular diseases have great difficulties in moving and walking, therefore motion or gait analysis are widely considered matter of investigation by the clinicians for diagnostic purposes. By means of specific performance tests, it could be possible to identify the severity of a neuromuscular pathology and outline possible rehabilitation planes. The main challenge is to quantify a motion anomaly, rather than to identify it during the test. At first, visual inspection of a video showing motion or walking activity is the simplest mode of examining movement ability in the clinical environment. It allows us to collect qualitative and bidimensional data, but it does not provide neither quantitative information about motion performance modalities (for instance about dynamics and muscle activity), nor about its changes. Moreover, the interpretation of recorded motion pattern is demanded to medical personnel who make a diagnosis on the basis of subjective experience and expertise. A considerable improvement in this analysis is given by a technical contribution to quantitatively analyse body posture and gesture. Advanced technologies allow us to investigate on anatomic segments from biomechanics and kinematics point of view, providing a wide set of quantitative variables to be used in multi-factorial motion analysis. A personal computer enables a realtime 3D reconstruction of motion and digitalizes data for storage and off-line elaboration. For this reason, the clinicians have a detailed description of the patient status and they can choose a specific rehabilitation path and verify the subject progress.

Wearable Kinesthetic System for Joint Knee Flexion-Extension Monitoring In Gait Analysis

2008 ◽  
pp. 1390-1397
Author(s):  
Mario Tesconi ◽  
Enzo Pasquale Scilingo ◽  
Pierluigi Barba ◽  
Danilo De Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Patient Status ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Movement Ability

Posture and motion of body segments are the result of a mutual interaction of several physiological systems such as nervous, muscle-skeletal, and sensorial. Patients who suffer from neuromuscular diseases have great difficulties in moving and walking, therefore motion or gait analysis are widely considered matter of investigation by the clinicians for diagnostic purposes. By means of specific performance tests, it could be possible to identify the severity of a neuromuscular pathology and outline possible rehabilitation planes. The main challenge is to quantify a motion anomaly, rather than to identify it during the test. At first, visual inspection of a video showing motion or walking activity is the simplest mode of examining movement ability in the clinical environment. It allows us to collect qualitative and bidimensional data, but it does not provide neither quantitative information about motion performance modalities (for instance about dynamics and muscle activity), nor about its changes. Moreover, the interpretation of recorded motion pattern is demanded to medical personnel who make a diagnosis on the basis of subjective experience and expertise. A considerable improvement in this analysis is given by a technical contribution to quantitatively analyse body posture and gesture. Advanced technologies allow us to investigate on anatomic segments from biomechanics and kinematics point of view, providing a wide set of quantitative variables to be used in multi-factorial motion analysis. A personal computer enables a realtime 3D reconstruction of motion and digitalizes data for storage and off-line elaboration. For this reason, the clinicians have a detailed description of the patient status and they can choose a specific rehabilitation path and verify the subject progress.

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