scholarly journals Development of Sustainable and Cost-Competitive Injection-Molded Pieces of Partially Bio-Based Polyethylene Terephthalate through the Valorization of Cotton Textile Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Montava-Jordà ◽  
Sergio Torres-Giner ◽  
Santiago Ferrandiz-Bou ◽  
Luis Quiles-Carrillo ◽  
Nestor Montanes
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Short Fibers ◽  
Cotton Waste ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Pet Crystallization

This study presents the valorization of cotton waste from the textile industry for the development of sustainable and cost-competitive biopolymer composites. The as-received linter of recycled cotton was first chopped to obtain short fibers, called recycled cotton fibers (RCFs), which were thereafter melt-compounded in a twin-screw extruder with partially bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (bio-PET) and shaped into pieces by injection molding. It was observed that the incorporation of RCF, in the 1–10 wt% range, successfully increased rigidity and hardness of bio-PET. However, particularly at the highest fiber contents, the ductility and toughness of the pieces were considerably impaired due to the poor interfacial adhesion of the fibers to the biopolyester matrix. Interestingly, RCF acted as an effective nucleating agent for the bio-PET crystallization and it also increased thermal resistance. In addition, the overall dimensional stability of the pieces was improved as a function of the fiber loading. Therefore, bio-PET pieces containing 3–5 wt% RCF presented very balanced properties in terms of mechanical strength, toughness, and thermal resistance. The resultant biopolymer composite pieces can be of interest in rigid food packaging and related applications, contributing positively to the optimization of the integrated biorefinery system design and also to the valorization of textile wastes.

Crystallization Behavior of Polypropylene (PP)/ Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Composite Fibres

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 833-836
Author(s):  
Dong Hui Liu ◽  
Xiao Juan Si ◽  
Jin Gao ◽  
Ling Ling Cao ◽  
Yi Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimeter ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Melting Behavior ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Crystallization Peak ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Crystallization And Melting Behavior

Polypropylene (PP)/ polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite fibres modified by PP-g-AA as a compatilizer were prepared by melt extrusion in a twin screw extruder. The crystallization and melting behavior of PP fibre and PP/PET composite fibres were investigated with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC)[1]. The results indicate that addition of PET acts as nucleating agent on the PP/PET composite fibres and increases the crystallization temperature of PP. [2,3]The crystallization peak temperature (Tp) increased first and decreased afterwards with the increase of PET, indicating that small amount of PET would promote the crystallization of PP, but excessive would reduce the crystallinity.

scholarly journals From disposal to sustainable development: technological potential of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends with 3D filament waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e13291210767
Author(s):  
Wellerson Salomão Diniz Marinho ◽  
Carlos Bruno Barreto Luna ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽  
Carlos Heitor de Andrade Lustosa ◽  
Celso Rosendo Bezerra Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

Additive manufacturing is growing rapidly in the automotive, medical, and aerospace industries as an option for the manufacturing of products. However, there is a continuous growth in the amount of waste generated by 3D filaments, thus, the reuse practice becomes important, since it brings environmental and economic gains. The present research evaluated the mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical and rheological properties of PLA/PLAr blends containing post-consumption 3D filament. The blends were prepared in a co-rotational twin screw extruder and, subsequently, the extruded granules were injection molded. As the PLAr content in the blends (PLA/PLAr) increased, there was a reduction in viscosity, indicating an improvement in manufacturability. The PLA/PLAr blend (75/25 % wt.) increased the degree of crystallinity compared to neat PLA, indicating that PLAr acted as a nucleating agent. As a consequence, the PLA/PLAr blend (75/25 % wt.) showed performance comparable to neat PLA in thermal stability, elastic modulus, tensile strength, Shore D hardness, impact strength, heat deflection temperature (HDT) and Vicat softening temperature. The reuse of post-consumption 3D filament PLA is feasible for the development of materials with good properties. In addition, value is added to the post-consumption material and there is a contribution to sustainable development.

The Effect of Nanosilicates on the Performance of Polyethylene Terephthalate Films Prepared by Twin-Screw Extrusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-366
Author(s):  
A. Ghanbari ◽  
M.-C. Heuzey ◽  
P. J. Carreau
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Silicate Layer ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Pet Films

Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films were prepared by cast extrusion using a twin-screw extruder with a severe screw profile. The effect of an organically modified montmorillonite on thermal, mechanical, optical, and barrier properties of the PET films were investigated. Morphological characterization of the nanocomposite films was performed by employing wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) followed by image analysis. The results unfold a mixed morphology for the nanocomposite films with more than 95% exfoliated and intercalated silicate layer structures, depending on the screw rotation speed. The remarkable dispersion of the organoclay particles at the nano-level is discussed in terms of solubility parameter and favorable interactions between PET macromolecules and organic modifier of the nanoclay. The crystal content of the nanocomposite films and their cold and hot crystallization temperatures confirmed the role of silicate nanolayers as a heterogeneous nucleating agent. While all nanocomposite films exhibit higher haze values in comparison to the neat PET samples, incorporation of 2 wt% nanoclay brought about 25% increase in tensile modulus and barrier properties. A range of screw rotation speeds with optimized properties in terms of haze, morphology, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties is suggested.

A novel recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 (rPET/PA11) thermoplastic blend

2021 ◽  
pp. 147776062110010
Author(s):  
Zahid Iqbal Khan ◽  
Zurina Binti Mohamad ◽  
Abdul Razak Bin Rahmat ◽  
Unsia Habib ◽  
Nur Amira Sahirah Binti Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Polyamide 11 ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
The Impact

This work explores a novel blend of recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 (rPET/PA11). The blend of rPET/PA11 was introduced to enhance the mechanical properties of rPET at various ratios. The work’s main advantage was to utilize rPET in thermoplastic form for various applications. Three different ratios, i.e. 10, 20 and 30 wt.% of PA11 blend samples, were prepared using a twin-screw extruder and injection moulding machine. The mechanical properties were examined in terms of tensile, flexural and impact strength. The tensile strength of rPET was improved more than 50%, while the increase in tensile strain was observed 42.5% with the addition of 20 wt.% of PA11. The improved properties of the blend were also confirmed by the flexural strength of the blends. The flexural strength was increased from 27.9 MPa to 48 MPa with the addition of 30 wt.% PA11. The flexural strain of rPET was found to be 1.1%. However, with the addition of 10, 20 and 30 wt.% of PA11, the flexural strain was noticed as 1.7, 2.1, and 3.9% respectively. The impact strength of rPET/PA11 at 20 wt.% PA11 was upsurged from 110.53 to 147.12 J/m. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a dispersed PA11 domain in a continuous rPET matrix morphology of the blends. This work practical implication would lead to utilization of rPET in automobile, packaging, and various industries.

scholarly journals Novel Biobased Textile Fiber from Colombian Agro-Industrial Waste Fiber

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Amaya Vergara ◽  
Melissa Cortés Gómez ◽  
Maria Restrepo Restrepo ◽  
Jorge Manrique Henao ◽  
Miguel Pereira Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Short Fibers ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Fique Fibers ◽  
Regenerated Fibers ◽  
Long Fibers

Fique fibers, native to Colombia, are traditionally used for ropes and bags. In the extraction of long fibers for these purposes, the same amount of short fibers is generated; the short fibers are then discarded in the soil or in landfills. This agro-industrial waste is cellulose-rich and can be potentially developed into new biobased products. As an alternative use for these fibers, viscose regenerated fibers with potential applications in the textile industry were developed. Fique waste fibers were pulped (to produce fique cellulose pulp, FCP) using a 33 design of experiment (DOE) to adjust the variables of the whitening treatment, and DOE analysis showed that time and hydrogen peroxide concentration do not have a significant effect on non-cellulosic remotion, unlike temperature. The behavior of this pulp in the production of viscose was compared against that of commercially available wood cellulose pulp (WCP). FCP showed a suitable cellulose content with a high degree of polymerization, which makes it a viable pulp for producing discontinuous viscose rayon filaments. Both pulps showed the same performance in the production of the viscose dope and the same chemical, thermal, and mechanical behavior after being regenerated.

scholarly journals PROPERTIES IMPROVEMENT ON POLYESTER FABRIC USING POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
JEYAKODI MOSES ◽  
Sathish P. ◽  
Keerthivasan M. ◽  
Pragadeesh R.J. ◽  
Pranesh A.
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Fibrous Material ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Synthetic Ester ◽  
Hydrophobic Behavior ◽  
Hydrophilic Character ◽  
Textile Industries ◽  
The Aesthetic

Polyethylene terephthalate is one of the important synthetic ester polymeric material used in widespread areas.  In textile industry, this fibrous material finds use in most of the garment and apparel applications due to its ease of handling, maintenance, and drying and competes with cotton materials.  However, due to the maximum hydrophobic behavior, this textile material gives number of issues like accumulation of statics, negligible moisture content, poor comfort and aesthetic characters.  Hence, in order to use this polyester material in the general textile industries particularly for garment and apparel productions, it is necessary to increase to some extent of its hydrophilic character by the application of some suitable chemicals like polyvinyl alcohol.  In these context, in this work an attempt is made to treat the polyethylene terephthalate fabric with sodium hydroxide followed by polyvinyl alcohol so as to increase the aesthetic properties.  The output received after the polyvinyl alcohol treatment on this fabric gives the good results expected for the garment applications.  

scholarly journals Injection-Molded Parts of Partially Biobased Polyamide 610 and Biobased Halloysite Nanotubes

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marset ◽  
Celia Dolza ◽  
Teodomiro Boronat ◽  
Nestor Montanes ◽  
Rafael Balart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Noticeable Improvement ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Biobased Content

This works focuses on the development of environmentally friendly composites with a partially biobased polyamide 610 (PA610), containing 63% biobased content, and a natural inorganic filler at the nanoscale, namely, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). PA610 composites containing 10, 20, and 30 wt% HNTs were obtained by melt extrusion in a twin screw co-rotating extruder. The resulting composites were injection-molded for further characterization. The obtained materials were characterized to obtain reliable data about their mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. The effect of the HNTs wt% on these properties was evaluated. From a mechanical standpoint, the addition of 30 wt% HNTs gave an increase in tensile modulus of twice the initial value, thus verifying how this type of natural load provides increased stiffness on injection molded parts. The materials prepared with HNTs slightly improved the thermal stability, while a noticeable improvement on thermomechanical resistance over a wide temperature range was observed with increasing HNTs content. The obtained results indicate that high biobased content composites can be obtained with an engineering thermoplastic, i.e., PA610, and a natural inorganic nanotube-shaped filler, i.e., HNTs, with balanced mechanical properties and attractive behavior against high temperature.

Space Shuttle Food Processing and Packaging

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. BOURLAND ◽  
M. F. FOHEY ◽  
R. M. RAPP ◽  
R. L. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Food System ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Automated Production ◽  
Convection Oven ◽  
Quality Testing ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
New Space ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost

A new space food system will be introduced on the fifth Shuttle mission. The change includes redesign of the package for rehydratable foods and a new galley. The package will be an injection molded base with a thermoformed flexible lid and a needle-septum concept for rehydration. One package will be used for both rehydratable foods and beverages. Automated production and more readily available materials reduce the cost of space food packaging. The galley system has a food preparation area, a semi-automatic rehydration unit and a convection oven. The time required to add water to the packages has been reduced to 3–5 min. Foods for space flight are purchased in lots and held at 40 F until 1 to 2 months before a scheduled flight. Most of the safety and quality testing are done while the foods are in storage. Foods which pass the tests, i.e. microbiological, sensory, rehydration, storage, and oxygen headspace, are transferred to flight packages in a Class 10,000 clean booth, using clean room techniques. The menu for the Shuttle food system is derived from a variety of foods that are preserved by dehydration, thermostabilization, irradiation and moisture control.

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