scholarly journals The Insulin/IGF System in Mammalian Sexual Development and Reproduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neirijnck ◽  
Papaioannou ◽  
Nef
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Igf System ◽  
The Family ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

Persistent research over the past few decades has clearly established that the insulin-like family of growth factors, which is composed of insulin and insulin-like growth factors 1 (IGF1) and 2 (IGF2), plays essential roles in sexual development and reproduction of both males and females. Within the male and female reproductive organs, ligands of the family act in an autocrine/paracrine manner, in order to guide different aspects of gonadogenesis, sex determination, sex-specific development or reproductive performance. Although our knowledge has greatly improved over the last years, there are still several facets that remain to be deciphered. In this review, we first briefly outline the principles of sexual development and insulin/IGF signaling, and then present our current knowledge, both in rodents and humans, about the involvement of insulin/IGFs in sexual development and reproductive functions. We conclude by highlighting some interesting remarks and delineating certain unanswered questions that need to be addressed in future studies.

scholarly journals ADAM-Mediated Signalling Pathways in Gastrointestinal Cancer Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 5133
Author(s):  
Neele Schumacher ◽  
Stefan Rose-John ◽  
Dirk Schmidt-Arras
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Tumour Cell ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Limited Proteolysis ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Ectodomain Shedding ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tumours

Tumour growth is not solely driven by tumour cell-intrinsic mechanisms, but also depends on paracrine signals provided by the tumour micro-environment. These signals comprise cytokines and growth factors that are synthesized as trans-membrane proteins and need to be liberated by limited proteolysis also termed ectodomain shedding. Members of the family of A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAM) are major mediators of ectodomain shedding and therefore initiators of paracrine signal transduction. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how ADAM proteases on tumour cells but also on cells of the tumour micro-environment contribute to the formation of gastrointestinal tumours, and discuss how these processes can be exploited pharmacologically.

scholarly journals The growth hormone axis and insulin-like growth factors

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Radosavljevic ◽  
Vera Todorovic ◽  
Danijela Vucevic ◽  
Branka Sikic
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

Introduction Growth is regulated by the interaction of environmental signals with endogenous neuroendocrine responses to the genetic programs that determine the body plan. The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are integral components of multiple systems controlling both growth and metabolism. The IGF system The IGF system is thought to be more complex than other endocrine systems, as genes for six IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been identified so far. The IGFs play a critical role in both cell cycle control and apoptosis, two functions involved in regulation of tumorigenesis. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is essential for normal growth. Confirmation of the significance of IGF-I in human physiology was obtained by the discovery of a patient with intrauterine growth retardation and postnatal growth failure associated with a mutation in the IGF-1 gene. Stages of evolution of the somatomedin hypothesis The original somatomedin hypothesis postulated that somatic growth was regulated by growth hormone's (GH's) stimulation of hepatic IGF-1 production, with IGF-1 acting in an endocrine fashion to promote growth. The dual effectors theory proposed an alternative view, involving direct effects by GH on peripheral tissues not mediated by IGF-1 and GH-stimulated local IGF-1 production for autocrine/paracrine action. It is now clear that G H stimulates the formation of ternary IGF binding complex, which stabilizes IGF-I in the serum.

Levels of the IGF system components in malignant lesions of the lungs with preventive effect of 1,3-diethylbenzimidazolium triiodide in the experiment.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15095-e15095
Author(s):  
Lidia K. Trepitaki ◽  
Irina V. Kaplieva ◽  
Elena M. Frantsiyants ◽  
Viktoriya L. Volkova ◽  
Dmitry A. Kharagezov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Igf System ◽  
System Components ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Sarcoma 45 ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

e15095 Background: The system of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) is involved in carcinogenesis, since it promotes proliferation and survival of tumor cells. The purpose of the study was an analysis of the dynamics of the IGF system components in the lungs of rats with antitumor effect of 1,3-diethylbenzimidazolium triiodide. Methods: The main group included male (n=27) and female (n=27) white outbred rats with sarcoma 45 inoculated into the subclavian vein (2×106 cells in 0.5 mL saline) but not developed in the lungs due to administration of 1,3-diethylbenzimidazolium triiodide (intragastrically, 0.4 mg/kg once a day according to the regimen: administration for 5 days with a 2-day interval). Control group included males (n=14) and females (n=14) with sarcoma 45 growing in the lungs without treatment. Intact groups included 5 males and 5 females. After 4, 5 and 8 weeks of the experiment animals were decapitated, and levels of IGFI, IGFII, IGFBP1, IGFBP2 and IGFBP3 were measured by ELISA in 10% lung homogenates (CUSABIO BIOTECH Co., Ltd., China). Results: The sarcoma development in the lung was accompanied by the IGFI increase by 2.4-3.0 times in males and by 4.3 times in females, and the opposite IGFII dynamics: an increase in males (by 4.6 times) and decrease in females (by 4.3 times), together with the IGFBP decline. 1,3-diethylbenzimidazolium triiodide upregulated IGFI levels in the lungs of all rats on average by 1.3 times (p<0.05) and normalized IGFII in males, while increasing it in females by 1.6 times (p<0.05), together with higher (compared to controls) IGFBP levels. Conclusions: Preventive antitumor effect of 1.3-diethylbenzimidazolium triiodide is based on the stabilization of the IGF system grossly altered during the malignant process development in the lung.

scholarly journals Small Is Beautiful: Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Their Role in Growth, Development, and Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (33) ◽  
pp. 4985-4995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Maki
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Epithelial Cancers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

Insulin-like growth factors were discovered more than 50 years ago as mediators of growth hormone that effect growth and differentiation of bone and skeletal muscle. Interest of the role of insulin-like growth factors in cancer reached a peak in the 1990s, and then waned until the availability in the past 5 years of monoclonal antibodies and small molecules that block the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. In this article, we review the history of insulin-like growth factors and their role in growth, development, organism survival, and in cancer, both epithelial cancers and sarcomas. Recent developments regarding phase I to II clinical trials of such agents are discussed, as well as potential studies to consider in the future, given the lack of efficacy of one such monoclonal antibody in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy in a first-line study in metastatic non–small-cell lung adenocarcinoma. Greater success with these agents clinically is expected when combining the agents with inhibitors of other cell signaling pathways in which cross-resistance has been observed.

scholarly journals Prader–Willi Syndrome and Hypogonadism: A Review Article

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2705
Author(s):  
Cees Noordam ◽  
Charlotte Höybye ◽  
Urs Eiholzer
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Hypothalamic Dysfunction ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, behavioural problems, hypothalamic dysfunction and specific dysmorphisms. Hypothalamic dysfunction causes dysregulation of energy balance and endocrine deficiencies, including hypogonadism. Although hypogonadism is prevalent in males and females with PWS, knowledge about this condition is limited. In this review, we outline the current knowledge on the clinical, biochemical, genetic and histological features of hypogonadism in PWS and its treatment. This was based on current literature and the proceedings and outcomes of the International PWS annual conference held in November 2019. We also present our expert opinion regarding the diagnosis, treatment, care and counselling of children and adults with PWS-associated hypogonadism. Finally, we highlight additional areas of interest related to this topic and make recommendations for future studies.

scholarly journals Sulfated Hydrogels in Intervertebral Disc and Cartilage Research

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3568
Author(s):  
Emily Lazarus ◽  
Paola Bermudez-Lekerika ◽  
Daniel Farchione ◽  
Taylor Schofield ◽  
Sloan Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Sustained Delivery ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Cartilage

Hydrogels are commonly used for the 3D culture of musculoskeletal cells. Sulfated hydrogels, which have seen a growing interest over the past years, provide a microenvironment that help maintain the phenotype of chondrocytes and chondrocyte-like cells and can be used for sustained delivery of growth factors and other drugs. Sulfated hydrogels are hence valuable tools to improve cartilage and intervertebral disc tissue engineering. To further advance the utilization of these hydrogels, we identify and summarize the current knowledge about different sulfated hydrogels, highlight their beneficial effects in cartilage and disc research, and review the biofabrication processes most suitable to secure best quality assurance through deposition fidelity, repeatability, and attainment of biocompatible morphologies.

Insulin-like growth factors and sex hormones in tumor tissue in polyneoplasias of female reproductive organs.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22244-e22244
Author(s):  
Elena Mikhaylovna Frantsiyants ◽  
Tatiana Moiseenko ◽  
Marina Ilyinichna Vereskunova ◽  
Meri Viktorovich Adamyan ◽  
Natalia Viktorovna Chernikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

scholarly journals Receptors and Binding Proteins for Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factors in the Placenta of Healthy Mothers and Mothers with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Weber ◽  
Ivona Baričević-Jones ◽  
Romana Masnikosa ◽  
Dejan Filimonović ◽  
Željko Miković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

Receptors and Binding Proteins for Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factors in the Placenta of Healthy Mothers and Mothers with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus The IGF system of human placenta consists of insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I and -II, their receptors (IGF-1R and IGF-2R), and binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to -6). Due to many structural and metabolic similarities with insulin, the IGF system cannot be examined separately from insulin and its receptor (IR). In this study gel filtration was used to detect solubilized membrane proteins of the placenta obtained from healthy mothers and mothers with IDDM. In order to detect placental membrane proteins that bind IGF molecules (and insulin), the solubilized membranes were incubated with each of the three 125I-labelled ligands: 125I-IGF-I, 125I-IGF-II and 125I-insulin prior to gel filtration chromatography. The biochemical evidence of the presence of receptors for insulin and IGFs, as well as that of IGFBP-1 were obtained by immunoblotting. Herein we demonstrated that, considering IGF and insulin receptor content, the placental tissue obtained from mothers with IDDM was not different from that obtained from healthy mothers. However, the concentration of IGFBP-1 differed between the examined placentas. IDDM in mothers caused an increase in the amount of IGFBP-1 in their placentas and, consequently, the amount of the labelled ligand bound to it. The redistribution of IGFs between the receptors and IGFBP-1 may be involved in regulatory mechanisms in the placenta of mothers with IDDM.

scholarly journals Osteosarcopenic Obesity: Current Knowledge, Revised Identification Criteria and Treatment Principles

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Kelly ◽  
Jennifer Gilman ◽  
Dario Boschiero ◽  
Jasminka Ilich
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Osteosarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
New Criteria ◽  
Activity Recommendations

Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome describes the simultaneous deterioration of bone, muscle and excess fat, resulting in reduced functionality and systemic metabolic dysregulation. The key component contributing to this may be ectopic fat in the viscera, bone and muscle. OSO research to date is summarized, and the revised criteria for its identification for research purposes are reviewed and proposed, including new criteria to assess visceral fat in males and females. Finally, nutritional and physical activity recommendations are consolidated into a treatment algorithm, which can be validated in future studies and which may also be applied to preventative management.

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