scholarly journals A Role for Both V1a and V2 Receptors in Renal Heat Stress Injury Amplified by Rehydration with Fructose

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5764
Author(s):  
Fernando E. García-Arroyo ◽  
Itzel Muñoz-Jiménez ◽  
Guillermo Gonzaga ◽  
Edilia Tapia ◽  
Horacio Osorio-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Mild Heat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vasopressin Receptors ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Chronic vasopressin secretion induced by recurrent mild heat stress exposure is significantly enhanced by limited rehydration with a fructose-containing beverage both in rodents and in humans. Moreover, this effect has been associated with upregulation of the polyol–fructokinase pathway and increased renal oxidative stress. Previously, we have shown that pharmacological inhibition of both V1a and V2 vasopressin receptors with conivaptan improved such renal alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the independent contributions of V1a and V2 receptors to the renal damage caused by mild heat stress and limited rehydration with a fructose-containing beverage. Osmotic minipumps were used to deliver either relcovaptan (0.64 mg/day) or tolvaptan (0.25 mg/day) in male Wistar rats for two weeks. Corresponding dilution vehicles were used as controls. To induce dehydration, rats were exposed to mild heat stress (37 °C for 1 h, Monday to Friday). All groups received a 10% fructose solution as a rehydration fluid for 2 h after mild heat stress. For the remainder of the day and on weekends, rats received tap water. The independent blockade of either the V1a or the V2 receptor prevented renal damage, reduced oxidative stress, and decreased plasma cortisol and systemic inflammation. However, the beneficial effects were regulated by different mechanisms. Tolvaptan inhibited polyol–fructokinase pathway overactivation, while relcovaptan prevented upregulation of the renin–angiotensin system and SGK1 expression. These data suggest that both V1a and V2 receptors participate in renal damage caused by heat stress-induced dehydration when fructose-containing beverages are used as rehydration fluids.

scholarly journals Effects of Apocynin on Heart Muscle Oxidative Stress of Rats with Experimental Diabetes: Implications for Mitochondria

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Estefanía Bravo-Sánchez ◽  
Donovan Peña-Montes ◽  
Sarai Sánchez-Duarte ◽  
Alfredo Saavedra-Molina ◽  
Elizabeth Sánchez-Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes one of the public health problems today. It is characterized by hyperglycemia through a defect in the β-cells function and/or decreased insulin sensitivity. Apocynin has been tasted acting directly as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, exhibiting beneficial effects against diabetic complications. Hence, the present study’s goal was to dissect the possible mechanisms by which apocynin could mediate its cardioprotective effect against DM-induced oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats were assigned into 4 groups: Control (C), control + apocynin (C+A), diabetes (D), diabetes + apocynin (D+A). DM was induced with streptozotocin. Apocynin treatment (3 mg/kg/day) was applied for 5 weeks. Treatment significantly decreased blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. In cardiac tissue, ROS levels were higher, and catalase enzyme activity was reduced in the D group compared to the C group; the apocynin treatment significantly attenuated these responses. In heart mitochondria, Complexes I and II of the electron transport chain (ETC) were significantly enhanced in the D+A group. Total glutathione, the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the GSH/ oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio were increased in the D+A group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were without change. Apocynin enhances glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity, preserving the antioxidant defense and mitochondrial function.

scholarly journals Cardiorenal Involvement in Metabolic Syndrome Induced by Cola Drinking in Rats: Proinflammatory Cytokines and Impaired Antioxidative Protection

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilde Otero-Losada ◽  
Hernán Gómez Llambí ◽  
Graciela Ottaviano ◽  
Gabriel Cao ◽  
Angélica Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Nutritional Data ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

We report experimental evidence confirming renal histopathology, proinflammatory mediators, and oxidative metabolism induced by cola drinking. Male Wistar rats drankad libitumregular cola (C,n=12) or tap water (W,n=12).Measures.Body weight, nutritional data, plasma glucose, cholesterol fractions, TG, urea, creatinine, coenzyme Q10, SBP, and echocardiograms (0 mo and 6 mo). At 6 months euthanasia was performed. Kidneys were processed for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (semiquantitative). Compared with W, C rats showed (I) overweight (+8%,p<0.05), hyperglycemia (+11%,p<0.05), hypertriglyceridemia (2-fold,p<0.001), higher AIP (2-fold,p<0.01), and lower Q10level (−55%,p<0.05); (II) increased LV diastolic diameter (+9%,p<0.05) and volume (systolic +24%,p<0.05), posterior wall thinning (−8%,p<0.05), and larger cardiac output (+24%,p<0.05); (III) glomerulosclerosis (+21%,p<0.05), histopathology (+13%,p<0.05), higher tubular expression of IL-6 (7-fold,p<0.001), and TNFα(4-fold,p<0.001). (IV) Correlations were found for LV dimensions with IL-6 (74%,p<0.001) and TNFα(52%,p<0.001) and fully abolished after TG and Q10control. Chronic cola drinking induced cardiac remodeling associated with increase in proinflammatory cytokines and renal damage. Hypertriglyceridemia and oxidative stress were key factors. Hypertriglyceridemic lipotoxicity in the context of defective antioxidant/anti-inflammatory protection due to low Q10level might play a key role in cardiorenal disorder induced by chronic cola drinking in rats.

scholarly journals Isosteviol ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats by inhibiting ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Gao Tang ◽  
Xiao-Yu Liu ◽  
Ji-Ming Ye ◽  
Ting-Ting Hu ◽  
Ying-Ying Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Glucose Plasma

Diabetes-induced injury of myocardium, defined as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), accounts for significant mortality and morbidity in diabetic population. Alleviation of DCM by a potent drug remains considerable interests in experimental and clinical researches because hypoglycemic drugs cannot effectively control this condition. Here, we explored the beneficial effects of isosteviol sodium (STVNa) on type 1 diabetes-induced DCM and the potential mechanisms involved. Male Wistar rats were induced to diabetes by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). One week later, diabetic rats were randomly grouped to receive STVNa (STZ/STVNa) or its vehicle (STZ). After 11 weeks of treatment or 11 weeks treatment following 4 weeks of removal of the treatment, the cardiac function and structure were evaluated and related mechanisms were investigated. In diabetic rats, oxidative stress, inflammation, blood glucose and plasma advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were significantly increased, whereas superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD-2) expression and activity were decreased. STVNa treatment inhibited cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation, showed similar ratio of heart to body weight and antioxidant capacities almost similar to the normal controls, which can be sustained at least 4 weeks. Moreover, STVNa inhibited diabetes-inducted stimulation of both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signal pathways. However, blood glucose, plasma AGE and insulin levels were not altered by STVNa treatment. These results indicate that STVNa may be developed into a potent therapy for DCM. The mechanism underlying this therapeutic effect involves the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibiting ERK and NF-κB without changing blood glucose or AGEs.

scholarly journals Effects of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) on testicular oxidative stress in sleep-deprived male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodeji J Ajibare ◽  
Olabode O Akintoye ◽  
Oyesanmi A Fabunmi ◽  
Luqman A Olayak ◽  
Babatunde A Olofinbiyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Sleep deprivation is a public health problem that causes oxidative stress injury. Research evidence agrees that oxidative stress serves as an underlying factor in many chronic debilitating diseases. This study investigated the effect of aqueous Licorice extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra) a medicinal plant with known antioxidant activity on testicular oxidative stress parameters. Methods Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to and administered one of the following treatment regimens daily for five days: CONTROL – Distilled water, Sleep – Deprived (SD) – Distilled water, Sleep Deprived +Sleep Recovery (SD+SR) – Distilled Water, SD+LICORICE (SD+LICORICE) – 150 mg/kg bodyweight of Licorice and Sleep – Deprivation + Sleep-Recovery + Licorice (SD+SR+LICORICE) – 150 mg/kg bodyweight of Licorice. The rats in Sleep – Recovery groups were allowed to sleep in their cages after sleep deprivation protocol for 5 days each treatment regimen had ad libitum access to standard rat chow. After the experiment, the rats were sacrificed and blood was collected. Serum cortisol and testosterone were taken alongside testicular Glutathione, Catalase, and Malondialdehyde. Results Sleep deprivation significantly raised cortisol level and decreased testosterone levels both of which were reversed by licorice administration. Significant reduction in Malondialdehyde (MDA) in rats treated with licorice with a simultaneous increase in both GSH and CAT was also observed. Conclusions The antioxidant activity of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) aqueous extract on the testis of rats exposed to oxidative stress suggests the potential of using this traditional medicinal plant in preventing oxidative injury caused by sleep deprivation.

Dietary restriction and fibre supplementation: oxidative stress and metabolic shifting for cardiac health

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1042-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeda S Diniz ◽  
Antonio C Cicogna ◽  
Carlos R Padovani ◽  
Maeli D.P Silva ◽  
Luciane A Faine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Dietary modification ought to be the first line of strategy in prevention of the development of cardiac disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary restriction, dietary-fibre-enriched diet, and their interactions might affect antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in cardiac tissue. Male Wistar rats (180–200 g; n = 10) were divided into four groups: control ad libitum diet (C), 50% restricted diet (DR), fed with fibre-enriched diet (F), and 50% restricted fibre-enriched diet (DR-F). After 35 days of the treatments, F, DR, and DR-F rats showed low cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triacylglycerol, and high HDL-cholesterol in serum. The DR, DR-F, and F groups had decreased myocardial lipoperoxide and lipid hydroperoxide. The DR-F and F treatments increased superoxide dismutase and glutatione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The DR treatment increased GSH-Px and catalase activities. Dietary fibre beneficial effects were related to metabolic alterations. The F and DR-F groups showed high cardiac glycogen and low lactate dehydrogenase/citrate synthase ratios, indicating diminished anaerobic and elevated aerobic myocardial metabolism in these animals. There was no synergistic effect between dietary restriction and dietary fibre addition, since no differences were observed in markers of oxidative stress in the F and DR-F groups. Dietary fibre supplementation, rather than energy intake and dietary restriction, appears to be the main process retarding oxidative stress in cardiac tissue.Key words: dietary fibre, dietary restriction, cardiac tissue, oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Mild heat stress induces mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 myotubes

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Ting Liu ◽  
George A. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
C2c12 Myotubes ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Mild Heat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Copy Number

During endurance exercise, most (≈75%) of the energy derived from the oxidation of metabolic fuels and ATP hydrolysis of muscle contraction is liberated as heat, the accumulation of which leads to an increase in body temperature. For example, the temperature of exercising muscles can rise to 40°C. Although severe heat injury can be deleterious, several beneficial effects of mild heat stress (HS), such as the improvement of insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes, have been reported. However, among all cellular events induced by mild HS from physical activities, the direct effects and mechanisms of mild HS on mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle are least characterized. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) are key energy-sensing molecules regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. In C2C12 myotubes, we found that 1 h mild HS at 40°C upregulated both AMPK activity and SIRT1 expression, as well as increased the expression of several mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. In particular, PGC-1α expression was found to be transcriptionally regulated by mild HS. Additionally, after repeated mild HS for 5 days, protein levels of PGC-1α and several mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation subunits were also upregulated. Repeated mild HS also significantly increased mitochondrial DNA copy number. In conclusion, these data show that mild HS is sufficient to induce mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 myotubes. Temperature-induced mitochondrial biogenesis correlates with activation of the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway. Therefore, it is possible that muscle heat production during exercise plays a role in mitochondrial biogenesis.

scholarly journals Improved reproductive performance achieved in tropical dairy cows by dietary beta-carotene supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soparak Khemarach ◽  
Saowaluck Yammuen-art ◽  
Veerasak Punyapornwithaya ◽  
Sutichai Nithithanasilp ◽  
Narongrit Jaipolsaen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Humidity Index

AbstractDairy farming in tropical climates is challenging as heat stress can impair reproduction in cows. Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of beta-carotene supplementation on bovine reproductive performance. This study was performed in Thailand, where the temperature-humidity index (THI) during the experimental periods was measured to range from 78.4 to 86.1. Lactating Holstein cows classified as repeat breeders (previous artificial insemination [AI] failures) were randomly assigned into two treatments, control treatment (T1; received placebo, n = 200) and test treatment (T2; received 400 mg/h/day of beta-carotene, n = 200). All cows were subjected to a protocol for synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination (TAI). The day of the 1st ovulation synchronized protocol was defined as day 0, and the total experimental period was 160 days. Daily placebo or beta-carotene supplements were given orally on day 0 and each subsequent day of the experiment. Diagnosis of pregnancy was performed using ultrasound on day 30 after insemination. Non-pregnant cows were subjected to further ovulation synchronizations (maximum of four) and TAI over a period of 160 days. Milk samples were collected every ten days throughout the experiment. The samples were analyzed for beta-carotene concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. The pregnancies per AI of the cows in T2 were significantly greater than that of T1 from the 2nd to 4th TAI. During the entire experimental period, the pregnancies in T2 were significantly greater than that of T1. Cox's proportional hazards regression model data indicated a 44% greater probability of pregnancy for cows receiving beta-carotene. The concentrations of milk beta-carotene in T2 were significantly greater than T1 from the 2nd to 4th TAI. Significantly greater SOD and GPx activities were observed in T2 than T1, suggesting a reduction of oxidative stress in cows treated with beta-carotene. Dietary supplementation with beta-carotene thus improves the reproductive performance of repeat breeders exposed to heat stress, possibly by reducing oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Indices of oxidative stress under intranasal administration of deicing reagent solutions in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1446-1453
Author(s):  
Lyudmila V. Khripach ◽  
Mariia A. Vodyanova ◽  
Tatiana D. Knyazeva ◽  
Zoya I. Koganova ◽  
Anna K. Makovetskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

Introduction. The use of road deicing reagents (RDR) is an effective measure to reduce winter traumatism and requires enhancement of methods for evaluation of deicers safety. The aim of investigation: to study markers of oxidative stress in rat blood samples during intranasal (i/n) administration of RDR solutions, as a model of intake under natural conditions, using liquid commercial RDR (22% CaCl2; 6% NaCl). Material and methods. Male Wistar rats (10 rats per group) were daily injected into the nasal cavity with 100 μl of RDR solutions in concentrations (C) 0; 0.75; 7.5 and 75 ml per liter of tap water. 5 and 28 days after the start of the experiment, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH, the activity of SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPO) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the hemolysates were determined. Logarithmic transformation x=lg(C+0.01)+2 was used for regression analysis of dose - effect relations. Results. 5 days after the start of the experiment, adaptive dose-dependent changes in activities of SOD (R = -0.504; p=0.001); GR (R = 0.548; p<0,001) and catalase (R=0.725; p<0,001) were revealed, and after 28 days these effects were replaced by dose-dependent increase in MDA content (R=0.617; p<0,001) and GPO activity (R=0.326; p=0.04). The revealed effects, apparently, are due to the presence of additional RDR components (such as detergents, corrosion inhibitors, etc.), since significant differences with corresponding control groups were found also during administration of 0.75 ml RDR per liter (CNa+ 200 times lower than in saline solution; CCa2+ equivalent to its serum content). In particular, sharp increase in catalase activity after 5 days may be indirect evidence of anticorrosive formates metabolism (commonly used anti-corrosive additive) in the conditions of their entry bypassing the portal vein. Conclusion. I/n administration of the studied RDR solutions (0.75-75 ml/L) gave distinct dose-dependent signs of compensated (5 days) and decompensated (28 days) oxidative stress, presumably due to the presence of additional components besides of basic chlorides.

scholarly journals Can psychobiotics administration influence behavioral responses and physiological stress in healthy rats?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Morshedi ◽  
Khadijeh Bavafa Valenlia ◽  
Maryam Saghafi-Asl ◽  
Saeid Hadi ◽  
Vahid Hadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control

Background: There is a well-documented cross-talk between the gut and brain. Evidence is accumulating to suggest beneficial effects of psychobiotics [prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics] on psychological distress in disease states. However, their role in healthy status remains relatively unclear. Objectives: The present study was aimed to clarify if psychobiotics could influence behavioral responses and physiological stress in healthy rats. Methods: In the present experiment, 28 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (healthy rats treated by Lactobacillus plantarum (L.plantarum), inulin and their combination (synbiotic) and control group). Then, psychobiotics were administered to the intervention groups for 8 weeks. Behavioral tests (Morris water maze, Elevated plus maze, and Forced swimming test) were performed at the endpoint. Then, serum and brain levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and serotonin were measured. Results: Our finding indicated that unlike inulin, the administration of L.plantarum and synbiotic could ameliorate depression and anxiety-like behavior and cognitive performance (P<0.05). Serum and brain oxidative stress markers were significantly improved by synbiotic consumption. Intake of L.plantarum led to decreased oxidative stress in the hippocampus and amygdala (P<0.05). Moreover, a significant increase in hippocampal serotonin and BDNF concentration was observed after synbiotic and L.plantarum intake (P<0.05). In addition, there was a strong correlation of serum and brain markers with behavioral performance (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that psychobiotics therapy may have favorable effects on the amelioration of psychological disorders.

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