scholarly journals Exploring the Applications of the Photoprotective Properties of Anthocyanins in Biological Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7464
Author(s):  
Hélder Oliveira ◽  
Patrícia Correia ◽  
Ana Rita Pereira ◽  
Paula Araújo ◽  
Nuno Mateus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Unique Signature

Due to their physical and chemical characteristics, anthocyanins are amongst the most versatile groups of natural compounds. Such unique signature makes these compounds a focus in several different areas of research. Anthocyanins have well been reported as bioactive compounds in a myriad of health disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and obesity, among others, due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, and anti-proliferative capacities. Such a vast number of action mechanisms may be also due to the number of structurally different anthocyanins plus their related derivatives. In this review, we highlight the recent advances on the potential use of anthocyanins in biological systems with particular focus on their photoprotective properties. Topics such as skin aging and eye degenerative diseases, highly influenced by light, and the action of anthocyanins against such damages will be discussed. Photodynamic Therapy and the potential role of anthocyanins as novel photosensitizers will be also a central theme of this review.

scholarly journals Towards a Consensus on Alzheimer’s Disease Comorbidity?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4360
Author(s):  
Iska Avitan ◽  
Yudit Halperin ◽  
Trishna Saha ◽  
Naamah Bloch ◽  
Dana Atrahimovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Comorbid Diseases

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is often comorbid with other pathologies. First, we review shortly the diseases most associated with AD in the clinic. Then we query PubMed citations for the co-occurrence of AD with other diseases, using a list of 400 common pathologies. Significantly, AD is found to be associated with schizophrenia and psychosis, sleep insomnia and apnea, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, fibrillation, osteoporosis, arthritis, glaucoma, metabolic syndrome, pain, herpes, HIV, alcoholism, heart failure, migraine, pneumonia, dyslipidemia, COPD and asthma, hearing loss, and tobacco smoking. Trivially, AD is also found to be associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, which are disregarded. Notably, our predicted results are consistent with the previously published clinical data and correlate nicely with individual publications. Our results emphasize risk factors and promulgate diseases often associated with AD. Interestingly, the comorbid diseases are often degenerative diseases exacerbated by reactive oxygen species, thus underlining the potential role of antioxidants in the treatment of AD and comorbid diseases.

Psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: How do we advance the field?

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally E Meikle ◽  
Paul Liknaitzky ◽  
Susan L Rossell ◽  
Margaret Ross ◽  
Nigel Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Psychedelic Drugs ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Potential Use

In the quest for new treatment options for depression, attention is being paid to the potential role of psychedelic drugs. Psilocybin is of particular interest given its mechanism of action, its benefits in early trials and its relatively low side effects burden. This viewpoint outlines a number of key issues that remain to be elucidated about its potential use in the clinical environment, including clarification of the profile of people most likely to benefit and those who might experience adverse effects, longer-term outcomes and the role of psychotherapeutic input alongside the drug itself. There are also opportunities to understand better, the neurobiology underpinning its effects.

Potential Role of Biological Systems in Formation of Nanoparticles: Mechanism of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendra Rai ◽  
Avinash Ingle ◽  
Indarchand Gupta ◽  
Sonal Birla ◽  
Alka Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Biological Systems

scholarly journals Exosomes in Food: Health Benefits and Clinical Relevance in Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javaria Munir ◽  
Mihye Lee ◽  
Seongho Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT Exosomes are membrane-bound organelles generally secreted by eukaryotic cells that contain mRNAs, microRNAs, and/or proteins. However, recent studies have reported the isolation of these particles from foods such as lemon, ginger, and milk. Owing to their absorption by intestinal cells and further travel via the bloodstream, exosomes can reach distant organs and affect overall health in both infants and adults. The potential role of food-derived exosomes (FDEs) in alleviating diseases, as well as in modulating the gut microbiota has been shown, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Moreover, exosomes may provide biocompatible vehicles for the delivery of anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin. Thus, exosomes may allow medical nutritionists and clinicians to develop safe and targeted therapies for the treatment of various pathologies. The present review introduces FDEs and their contents, highlights their role in disease and infant/adult health, and explores their potential use as therapeutic agents.

The potential role of azithromycin in the treatment or prophylaxis of toxoplasmosis

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
H R Chang
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Alternative ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Potential Use

Infection with Toxoplasma gondii is the most common parasitic infection worldwide with an estimated prevalence of 1–2 billion people. The risk of developing severe toxoplasmosis is higher for immunocompromised individuals and fetuses of mothers who have acquired a primo-infection. The current therapy of choice for toxoplasmosis is the synergistic combination of pyrimethamine and sulphadiazine. This therapy is highly effective but its use is complicated in immunocompromised individuals due to adverse secondary effects. In addition, since pyrimethamine is potentially teratogenic, its use is not recommended during early pregnancy. Clindamycin, a lincosaminide, in combination with pyrimethamine has been shown to be an acceptable therapeutic alternative in patients who are unable to tolerate pyrimethamine plus sulphadiazine. In the search for new, effective compounds with less adverse or toxic effects, recent efforts have focused on the new macrolides and the azalides. Here, the results of the investigations and, in particular, the theoretical considerations for the potential use of azithromycin in the therapy of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised individuals are reviewed.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Exosomes in Cancer Metastasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Tian ◽  
Shanshan Liu ◽  
Burong Li
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Action Mechanisms

High cancer mortality is attributed to metastasis to a large extent. However, cancer metastasis remains devoid of dynamic monitoring and early prevention in terms of current advances in diagnostic means and therapeutic modalities. Meanwhile, studies have shown that reciprocal crosstalk among cells via exosomes plays a critical role in maintaining normal physiological state or triggering disease progression, including cancer metastasis. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the latest literature (primarily from 2018) to summarize action mechanisms and experimental studies of exosomes in cancer metastasis and put forward some problems as well as new outlooks of these studies.

scholarly journals Rapamycin modulates pulmonary pathology in a Murine model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamlesh Bhatt ◽  
Madhuri Bhagavathula ◽  
Sheetal Verma ◽  
Graham S. Timmins ◽  
Vojo P. Deretic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Mtor Inhibitor ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Pathology ◽  
Potential Use

In this study we employed C3HeB/FeJ mice as an experimental model to investigate the potential role of rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, as an adjunctive therapy candidate during the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection with moxifloxacin. We report that administration of rapamycin with or without moxifloxacin reduced infection-induced lung inflammation, and the number and size of caseating necrotic granulomas. Results from this study strengthen the potential use of rapamycin and its analogs as adjunct TB therapy and importantly underscore the utility of the C3HeB/FeJ mouse model as a pre-clinical tool to evaluate HDT candidates in TB treatment.

The Potential Role of Peatland Dynamics in Ice-Age Initiation

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee F. Klinger ◽  
John A. Taylor ◽  
Lars G. Franzen
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Exchange Model ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
Transient Forcing ◽  
Chemical Coupling ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractPhysical and chemical coupling of peatland vegetation, soils and landforms, and atmosphere creates feedbacks which may be important in ice-age initiation. A box diffusion CO2 exchange model shows that a transient forcing of 500 Gt C (the amount proposed to have accumulated in peatlands during the last interglacial–glacial transition) over 5000 yr results in a lowering of atmospheric CO2 by about 40 ppm. Proxy data indicate that a decrease in atmospheric CO2 may have occurred over the last 5000 yr up to preindustrial times, and the amount is similar to that calculated from Holocene peatland expansion (∼22 ppm). These results suggest that models should consider the role of peatlands in ice-age initiation.

scholarly journals Modulation by Ozone Therapy of Oxidative Stress in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: The Background for a Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2802
Author(s):  
Bernardino Clavo ◽  
Gregorio Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Francisco Rodríguez-Esparragón ◽  
Delvys Rodríguez-Abreu ◽  
Saray Galván ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
Chronic Oxidative Stress

(1) Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) decreases the quality of life of patients and can lead to a dose reduction and/or the interruption of chemotherapy treatment, limiting its effectiveness. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CIPN include chronic oxidative stress and subsequent increase in free radicals and proinflammatory cytokines. Approaches for the treatment of CIPN are highly limited in their number and efficacy, although several antioxidant-based therapies have been tried. On the other hand, ozone therapy can induce an adaptive antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response, which could be potentially useful in the management of CIPN. (2) Methods: The aims of this works are: (a) to summarize the potential mechanisms that could induce CIPN by the most relevant drugs (platinum, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and bortezomib), with particular focus on the role of oxidative stress; (b) to summarize the current situation of prophylactic and treatment approaches; (c) to describe the action mechanisms of ozone therapy to modify oxidative stress and inflammation with its potential repercussions for CIPN; (d) to describe related experimental and clinical reports with ozone therapy in chemo-induced neurologic symptoms and CIPN; and (e) to show the main details about an ongoing focused clinical trial. (3) Results: A wide background relating to the mechanisms of action and a small number of experimental and clinical reports suggest that ozone therapy could be useful to prevent or improve CIPN. (4) Conclusions: Currently, there are no clinically relevant approaches for the prevention and treatment of stablished CIPN. The potential role of ozone therapy in this syndrome merits further research. Randomized controlled trials are ongoing.

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