scholarly journals Optomechanical Processing of Silver Colloids: New Generation of Nanoparticle–Polymer Composites with Bactericidal Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Jakub Siegel ◽  
Markéta Kaimlová ◽  
Barbora Vyhnálková ◽  
Andrii Trelin ◽  
Oleksiy Lyutakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Component ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Silver Colloids ◽  
Materials Engineering ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Heterogeneous Processes ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Polymer Foils ◽  
New Generation

The properties of materials at the nanoscale open up new methodologies for engineering prospective materials usable in high-end applications. The preparation of composite materials with a high content of an active component on their surface is one of the current challenges of materials engineering. This concept significantly increases the efficiency of heterogeneous processes moderated by the active component, typically in biological applications, catalysis, or drug delivery. Here we introduce a general approach, based on laser-induced optomechanical processing of silver colloids, for the preparation of polymer surfaces highly enriched with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). As a result, the AgNPs are firmly immobilized in a thin surface layer without the use of any other chemical mediators. We have shown that our approach is applicable to a broad spectrum of polymer foils, regardless of whether they absorb laser light or not. However, if the laser radiation is absorbed, it is possible to transform smooth surface morphology of the polymer into a roughened one with a higher specific surface area. Analyses of the release of silver from the polymer surface together with antibacterial tests suggested that these materials could be suitable candidates in the fight against nosocomial infections and could inhibit the formation of biofilms with a long-term effect.

New Generation Structural Steel Plate Metallurgy for Meeting Offshore and Arctic Application Challenges

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Jansto
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Fatigue Fracture ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
End User ◽  
Materials Engineering ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Lower Carbon ◽  
Plate Steels

The new generation of value-added low carbon-low manganese-niobium microalloyed structural steels for both low and high yield strength, energy absorption, fatigue and fracture resistant applications is under development for offshore and arctic materials engineering applications. These materials engineering considerations are shifting designers to consider new lower cost and more robust construction materials even for low yield strength applications require improved fatigue, fracture arrest and toughness performance. The civil engineering and end user community demand structural reinforcing bars, shapes, beams and plates with improved energy absorption and fatigue properties. With more severe climatic conditions evolving every day, demands also necessitate improved fire and seismic resistance, yield-to-tensile ratio consistency, improved bendability and weldability. These attributes are difficult to obtain from steel producers today with their current higher carbon microalloyed steel approaches and hot rolling practices. There is a global shift in motion to low C-Nb-Mn bearing construction steels displacing traditional materials. The technological and metallurgical advancements of value-added niobium (Nb) microalloyed thermo-mechanical controlled process (TMCP) plate steels have been further developed to meet more demanding fatigue, fracture and low temperature toughness end user requirements. Niobium enables achievement of substantial grain refinement and grain size uniformity when the plate is rolled with the proper reduction, thermal schedule and process metallurgical operational practices. The effects of microalloying elements on the continuous cooling transformation behavior must be carefully controlled during the process metallurgy of the reheating and rolling process to successfully achieve the desired mechanical properties. TMCP applications have been successfully developed in numerous product sectors with thickness exceeding 120 mm. Since the very fine grained microstructure improves toughness and increases the yield strength, this Nb-TMCP process enables the required tensile properties with the growing trend to leaner chemical composition designs (less than 0.10%C) and excellent toughness properties. From an operational cost perspective, in today’s very competitive market environment, there exists a huge opportunity for structural offshore and arctic plate producing steel mills to improve their profitability by thoroughly assessing a shift to lower carbon and manganese steels in their product mix. Through the adoption of these lower carbon Nb-containing structural materials, several design and/or manufacturing companies are initiating new offshore steel designs that will further provide improved overall lifetime and cost performance at reduced maintenance expense. These high strength plate steels offer the opportunity to manufacture complex heavy-lift and fatigue-critical components for larger offshore structures without increasing the weight of the platforms.

Direct Design of Large Ice Class Ships With Emphasis on the Midbody Ice Belt

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Daley ◽  
Andrew Kendrick
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Direct Design ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ice Loads ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Double Hull

The future development of oil and gas reserves in remote Polar Regions areas will require a new generation of highly ice-capable vessels. Many may need to be capable of operating at all times of the year. These ships will need to be able to travel faster in heavy ice than all but the largest icebreakers, which poses challenges for both hull and machinery design. The American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), BMT Fleet Technology Limited (BMT) and Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI) are currently undertaking a joint project aimed at addressing these design challenges. Because of the unique and innovative aspects of large fast ships for Polar ice development, new methodologies for direct calculation of loads on all areas of the hull are needed. The project is also addressing the need for new techniques for the analysis of the outer hull, double hull and gas containment systems of these ships under design and accidental loads; areas in which ‘rule design’ can only provide a starting point. This paper focuses on the midbody ice loads that may results from both ice pressures and from glancing collisions in the midbody area. The paper highlights some of the challenges of direct design.

Natural mulberry biomass fibers doped with silver as an antimicrobial textile: a new generation fabric

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110134
Author(s):  
Touseef Amna ◽  
M. Shamshi Hassan ◽  
Faheem A Sheikh ◽  
Hae Cheon Seo ◽  
Hyun-Chel Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Composite ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dip Coating Technique ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time

In this study, silver-doped natural mulberry fibers were successfully obtained by the dip-coating technique. Arrays of material consisting of synthetic compounds (organic as well as inorganic) are being utilized to impart antimicrobial functionality to textiles. Therefore, the current study for the first time attempted to establish an innovative class of textiles made up of silver-doped natural mulberry fibers. This fabric will be utilized for the fabrication of antimicrobial socks. The morphology, physicochemical and antibacterial characteristics of Ag-doped mulberry fibers were scanned via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and antibacterial testing. SEM analysis evidently demonstrated uniform distribution of Ag on mulberry fibers and the outcome of XRD and FTIR analyses authenticated assimilation of Ag in the Ag-doped mulberry composite. The Ag-doped mulberry fibers revealed venerable antibacterial action against representative bacterium E. coli. The antibacterial analysis lead to the conclusion that the Ag-doped mulberry fiber textile has an enhanced bactericidal effect owing to the synergism of Ag and mulberry compounds. Moreover, Ag imparted an anti-odor effect on mulberry fiber. These distinctive organic–inorganic fibrous composite socks are antimicrobial, odor free and skin and environment friendly. Thus, this study recommends the use of Ag-doped mulberry fibers as a future material for the preparation of durable antibacterial new generation socks. These composite fibers can also be used as textile material for clothes such as sportswear and for medical purposes; for instance, bedcovers in hospital beds, etc.

Long-Term Effect of the Portuguese Universal Access Program to New Generation Direct-Acting Antivirals for the Treatment of Hepatitis C

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. S778-S779 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martins ◽  
J. Rodrigues ◽  
A.P. Martins ◽  
V. Andreozzi ◽  
B. Vandewalle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Direct Acting Antivirals ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Access Program

A Modular Modeling Approach for the Design of Reconfigurable Machine Tools

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulga Ersal ◽  
Jeffrey L. Stein ◽  
Loucas S. Louca
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Modular Modeling ◽  
Graph Language ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Component Models ◽  
And Control

A new generation of machine tools called Reconfigurable Machine Tools (RMTs) is emerging as a means for industry to be more competitive in a market that experiences frequent changes in demand. New methodologies and tools are necessary for the efficient design of these machine tools. It is the purpose of this paper to present a modular approach for RMT servo axis modeling, which is part of a larger effort to develop an integrated RMT design and control environment. The components of the machine tool are modeled in a modular way, such that the model of any given configuration can be obtained by assembling the corresponding component models together based on the topology of the machine. The component models are built using the bond graph language that enables the straightforward development of the required modular library. These machine tool models can be used for the evaluation, design and control of the RMT servo axes. The approach is demonstrated through examples, and the benefits and drawbacks of this approach are discussed. The results show that the proposed approach is a promising step towards an automated and integrated RMT design environment, and the challenges in order to complete this goal are discussed.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles and Inflammation

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1300-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Stevenson ◽  
Axel J. Hueber ◽  
Alan Hutton ◽  
Iain B. McInnes ◽  
Duncan Graham
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Cellular Recruitment ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
New Generation

The development of nanoscale molecular probes capable of diagnosis, characterization, and clinical treatment of disease is leading to a new generation of imaging technologies. Such probes are particularly relevant to inflammation, where the detection of subclinical, early disease states could facilitate speedier detection that could yield enhanced, tailored therapies. Nanoparticles offer robust platforms capable of sensitive detection, and early research has indicated their suitability for the detection of vascular activation and cellular recruitment at subclinical levels. This suggests that nanoparticle techniques may provide excellent biomarkers for the diagnosis and progression of inflammatory diseases with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescent quantum dots (QDs), and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probes being just some of the new methodologies employed. Development of these techniques could lead to a range of sensitive probes capable of ultrasensitive, localized detection of inflammation. This article will discuss the merits of each approach, with a general overview to their applicability in inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals The Synergetic Impact of AI, IoT, and 5G on Information Literacy and Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2(114)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Muraszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Media Literacy ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Working Together ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
New Generation ◽  
New Education ◽  
Significant Support

Purpose/Thesis: The purpose of the study is to argue, explain and justify that a troika of AI (Artificial Intelligence), IoT (Internet of Things), and 5G broadband cooperating with each other has the trans­formative power that can provide a synergetic impact on the information literacy and education. The troika can provide new methodologies and tools that will unleash and boost the spirit of innovation and trigger energy, passion, and creativity resulting in developing better education ecosystems.Approach/Methods: The method adopted in the study is twofold, namely: (i) it presents and examines the features of AI, IoT, and 5G and the way they can cooperate with each other in order to develop new education models and patterns, and then analyses the issue of e-literacy by breaking it apart into e-skills, information literacy, and media literacy; (ii) it shows how AI, IoT, and 5G can support information literacy and education.Results and conclusions: The outcome of the research is the presentation and examination of AI, IoT, and 5G collaborating with each other towards transforming education models and processes. It concludes that the AI, IoT, and 5G troika has a great potential to boost teaching and learning, and to inspire and support the development of new generation educational ecosystems. However, in the digital age information literacy and education is too serious a matter to be left solely to educators and ICT technologists. Learners, students, and concerned citizens need to be involved in the trans­formation processes.Originality/Value: The originality and value of the research is to prove that while working together AI, IoT, and 5G can provide a significant support for transforming the present education patterns, in particular regarding the information literacy that is a condition sine qua non of effective education in the digital era. This can help scholars and education communities to unleash innovativeness aimed at developing new generations of educational ecosystems, and thereby make learning and teaching processes more efficient and available to significantly larger audiences.

scholarly journals Zebrafish as Toxicological Model for Screening and Recapitulate Human Diseases

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Virginia Caballero ◽  
Manila Candiracci
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
New Generation

Embryonic and larval Danio rerio is increasingly used as a toxicological model to conduct rapid in vivo tests and developmental toxicity assays; the zebrafish features as high genetic homology to mammals; robust phenotypes; and its value in high-throughput genetic and chemical screening have made it a powerful tool to evaluate in vivo toxicity. New methodologies of genome editing as CRISPR/Cas9; ZFN or Talen make it a suitable model to perform studies to pair human genetic diseases as well. This review surveys recent studies; employing zebrafish as experimental model; comparing it with other in vivo and in vitro models; presenting zebrafish as a potent vertebrate tool to evaluate drug toxicity to facilitate more extensive; easy and comprehensive knowledge of new generation drugs.

Surface effects in imaging uncoated polymers in low-voltage, high-resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
S.J. Krause ◽  
W.W. Adams ◽  
D.C. Joy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Image Features ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Scanning Electron

It has recently been shown that there are numerous advantages in imaging both coated and uncoated polymers in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at low voltages (LV) from 0.5 to 2.0 keV compared to imaging at conventional voltages of 10 to 20 keV. The major disadvantages of LVSEM of degraded resolution and decreased beam current have been largely overcome with the new generation of field emission gun SEMs. In imaging metal coated polymers in LVSEM beam damage is reduced, contrast is improved, and charging from irregularly shaped features (which may be unevenly coated) is reduced or eliminated. Imaging uncoated polymers in LVSEM allows observation of the surface with little or no charging and with no alterations of surface features from the metal coating process required for higher voltage imaging. This is particularly important for high resolution (HR) studies of polymers where it is desired to image features 1 to 10 nm in size. Metal sputter coating techniques produce a 10 - 20 nm film that has its own texture which can obscure topographical features of the original polymer surface. In examining uncoated insulating samples at low voltages the effect of sample-beam interactions on image formation and resolution will differ significantly from the effect at higher accelerating voltages. In this study we discuss the nature of sample-beam interactions in uncoated polymers at low voltages and also present results on HRSEM of polymer samples which show some of these effects.

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