scholarly journals Glucocorticoids, Stress and Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) during Early Embryonic Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7289
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Kuzma-Hunt ◽  
Vivien B. Truong ◽  
Laura A. Favetta
Keyword(s):  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Recreational Drug ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Glucocorticoid Signaling ◽  
Morphology Development ◽  
Negative Impacts

Elevated molecular stress in women is known to have negative impacts on the reproductive development of oocytes and the embryos prior to implantation. In recent years, the prevalence of cannabis use among women of reproductive age has risen due to its ability to relieve psychological stress and nausea, which are mediated by its psychoactive component, ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Although cannabis is the most popular recreational drug of the 21st century, much is unknown about its influence on molecular stress in reproductive tissues. The current literature has demonstrated that THC causes dose- and time-dependent alterations in glucocorticoid signaling, which have the potential to compromise morphology, development, and quality of oocytes and embryos. However, there are inconsistencies across studies regarding the mechanisms for THC-dependent changes in stress hormones and how either compounds may drive or arrest development. Factors such as variability between animal models, physiologically relevant doses, and undiscovered downstream gene targets of both glucocorticoids and THC could account for such inconsistencies. This review evaluates the results of studies which have investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on reproductive development and how THC may alter stress signaling in relevant tissues.

scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes in women of reproductive age

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Williams ◽  
Kathryn Evans Kreider
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in women of reproductive age ranges from 3% to 7%. Due to the common nature of this condition, it is imperative for nurse practitioners who care for women to understand evidence-based methods of diabetes management. The aim of this article is to describe current screening and diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes, discuss current evidence-based management and patient education necessary to prevent long-term complications, and provide the tools for a healthy reproductive plan in women with type 2 diabetes from puberty until menopause. Diabetes management extends well beyond glucose control, and nurse practitioners should be attuned to all factors that can impact cardiovascular risk and quality of life.

scholarly journals The role of the immune response in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Catalina Diana Stanica ◽  
◽  
Adrian , Neacsu ◽  
Romina Marina Sima ◽  
Raluca Gabriela Ioan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Altered Immune Response

Endometriosis is a benign, chronic, estrogen-dependent condition, present in 10% of women of reproductive age. The condition is associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility that influence their quality of life, as well as married life and has important socio-economic consequences. Despite its high morbidity, its etiopathogenesis is incompletely known. A large number of studies suggest that the ability of endometrial implants to grow in ectopic locations may be correlated with the altered immune response towards the endometriotic tissue. There are enough data to show that immune system mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, are playing key roles in the onset and olso on progression of endometriosis. There are studies that prove the association between endometriosis and autoimmune diseases. The present paper aims to investigate the implications of the immune response in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis. The study of cellular or humoral immunity deficits, the presence of autoantibodies associated with this condition, can facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the appearance and spread of endometriosis. We hope that this information will ultimately provide the basis for the development of new effective approaches in endometriosis management.

scholarly journals Relationship between hormonal contraceptives and sleep among women of reproductive age: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e045819
Author(s):  
Jinhui Ma ◽  
Megan Cheng ◽  
Lehana Thabane ◽  
Caihong Ma ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age

IntroductionThe aetiology of sleep disruptions is unknown, but hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause have been shown to potentially affect how well a woman sleeps. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether hormonal contraceptives are associated with a decreased quality of sleep and increased sleep duration in women of reproductive age.MethodsThis review will analyse data from randomised controlled trials or non-randomised comparative studies investigating the association between hormonal contraceptives and sleep outcomes among women of reproductive age. Reviews addressing the same research question with similar eligibility criteria will be included. A literature search will be performed using the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from inception to 7 March 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias for Randomised Trials V.2.0 and The Risk of Bias for Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool will be used to assess risk of bias for each outcome in eligible studies. Two reviewers will independently assess eligibility of studies and risk of bias and extract the data. All extracted data will be presented in tables and narrative form. For sleep measures investigated by two or more studies with low heterogeneity, we will conduct random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the magnitude of the overall effect of hormonal contraceptives. If studies included in this systematic review form a connected network, a network meta-analysis will be conducted to estimate the comparative effect of different contraceptives. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach will be used to summarise the quality of evidence. Our protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols 2015 guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as data were sourced from previously reported studies. The findings of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020199958.

Effect of combined oral contraceptive containing 17β—estradiol on female sexual function, depression and quality of life

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
R. I. GABIDULLINA ◽  
◽  
E. I. GALIMYANOVA ◽  
V. I. EREMKINA ◽  
A. M. SHARAPOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Function Index ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Severity Of Depression

The purpose — to evaluate the effect of combined oral contraceptive containing 17β-estradiol on sexuality, severity of depression and quality of life in women of reproductive age. Material and methods. The study involved 53 women in need of contraception aged 18 to 50 years. For the contraceptive purpose women used COC containing 1,5 mg of 17 β -estradiol (E2) and 2,5 mg of nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) (E2/NOMAC). The questionnaires used in the study are: Female Sexuality Function Index (FSFI-6), Beck Depression Inventory, SF-36 — for evaluating Health-Related Quality of Life. The survey was conducted before and after six months of E2/NOMAC intake; the correlations between the studied parameters and the level of sex hormones in patient’s blood sample were determined. Results. The intake of E2/NOMAC for 6 months did not have negative effect on Female Sexuality Function Index. At the same time, a statistically significant improvement up to 5 points was revealed in such parameters as sexual satisfaction (p = 0,03) and lubrication (p < 0,001). There was a significant decrease in the frequency and severity of depression measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. The Short Form-36 Health Survey revealed a tendency to improve the physical and mental health components of the quality of life (p> 0,05). The change in total testosterone level had a moderate negative relationship with the change in Female Sexuality Function Index (r = — 0,32; p = 0,02). Conclusion. The intake of combined oral contraceptive containing 17β-estradiol for 6 months was associated with no adverse impact on female sexuality and quality of life in women of reproductive age, and reduced the levels of frequency and severity of depression.

scholarly journals A healthcare organizational model of secondary prevention of cervical cancer among women of reproductive age

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
T. M. Harelik ◽  
I. A. Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Organizational Model ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care

Objective: to develop a healthcare organizational model of secondary prevention of cervical cancer. Material and methods. The work analyzes the quality of medical care given to women of reproductive age living in Grodno region in whom cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer were detected from 2010 to 2019. On the basis of the results of questioning of 200 women who had been treated in Oncology Ward No.3 of Grodno University Clinic, the most significant risk factors of the development of the pathology were identified. Statistical processing was performed by means of the program «Statistica» 10.0.Results. An effective model of secondary prevention of cervical cancer has been developed: from 2015 to 2019 compared to the previous quinquennium the detectability of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and non-invasive cervical cancer increased by more than 17 % and 25 %, and the average parameters of the newly diagnosed morbidity were 69.97 ± 2.42 and 19.91 ± 2.28 per 100,000 women of reproductive age (p < 0.05). This made it possible to take timely measures for carcinogenesis interruption.Conclusion. The implementation of the healthcare organizational model of secondary prevention of cervical cancer contributes to improvement of the quality of medical care, and, therefore, maintainance of perspective realization of the child-bearing function for women of reproductive age.

scholarly journals Bleeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kizito Omona
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Abnormal Bleeding ◽  
Monthly Period

Fibroid, also called leiomyomas, is common tumor of the uterus. Usually, women of reproductive age are at risk of getting it. However, majority of these women develop fibroid (s) by the age of 50 years. This condition usually causes painful and unpleasant symptoms such as; heavy bleeding, prolonged periods, inter-menstrual bleeding, abdominal pain and cramps, anemia, pelvic pain and pain during sexual intercourse, among others. Abnormal bleeding, such as bleeding that occurs with fibroids and heavy periods, often lasts more than 10 days per month. This fibroid symptom involves persistent bleeding between cycles, which can severely impact one’s quality of life. Abnormal bleeding, especially in fibroids, can be taken as missing three or more periods in a woman who had been having regular monthly period, or periods that last less than 21 days or more than 35 days apart from each other. Another indication of an abnormal period is bleeding through multiple pads and tampons in a short amount of time.

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