scholarly journals Molecular Determinants of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Immunity: Targets for Immune Intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7518
Author(s):  
Marcella Tazzari ◽  
Laura Bergamaschi ◽  
Alessandro De Vita ◽  
Paola Collini ◽  
Marta Barisella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
Genetic Landscape ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Cumulative Evidence

Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a family of rare malignant tumors encompassing more than 80 histologies. Current therapies for metastatic STS, a condition that affects roughly half of patients, have limited efficacy, making innovative therapeutic strategies urgently needed. From a molecular point of view, STSs can be classified as translocation-related and those with a heavily rearranged genotype. Although only the latter display an increased mutational burden, molecular profiles suggestive of an “immune hot” tumor microenvironment are observed across STS histologies, and response to immunotherapy has been reported in both translocation-related and genetic complex STSs. These data reinforce the notion that immunity in STSs is multifaceted and influenced by both genetic and epigenetic determinants. Cumulative evidence indicates that a fine characterization of STSs at different levels is required to identify biomarkers predictive of immunotherapy response and to discover targetable pathways to switch on the immune sensitivity of “immune cold” tumors. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on the interplay between genetic landscape, molecular profiling and immunity in STSs. Immunological and molecular features will be discussed for their prognostic value in selected STS histologies. Finally, the local and systemic immunomodulatory effects of the targeted drugs imatinib and sunitinib will be discussed.

scholarly journals Translating Molecular Profiling of Soft Tissue Sarcomas into Daily Clinical Practice

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Celine Jacobs ◽  
Lore Lapeire
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Sarcoma Treatment

Soft tissue sarcomas are a group of rare mesenchymal tumors with more than 70 subtypes described. Treatment of these subtypes in an advanced setting is mainly according to a one-size-fits-all strategy indicating a high unmet need of new and more targeted therapeutic options in order to optimize survival. The introduction of advanced molecular techniques in cancer has led to better diagnostics and identification of new therapeutic targets, leading to more personalized treatment and improved prognosis for several cancer types. In sarcoma, a likewise evolution is seen, albeit at a slower pace. This manuscript describes how in the past years advanced molecular profiling in soft tissue sarcomas was able to identify specific and often pathognomonic aberrations, deferring standard sarcoma treatment in favor of more targeted treatment from an oncologist’s point of view.

scholarly journals The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Prospects for Immunotherapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3865
Author(s):  
Tânia Fortes-Andrade ◽  
Jani Sofia Almeida ◽  
Luana Madalena Sousa ◽  
Manuel Santos-Rosa ◽  
Paulo Freitas-Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Immunological Profile ◽  
Study Support

Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) represent about 80% of sarcomas, and are a heterogeneous group of rare and malignant tumors. STS arise from mesenchymal tissues and can grow into structures such as adipose tissue, muscles, nervous tissue and blood vessels. Morphological evaluation has been the standard model for the diagnosis of sarcomas, and even in samples with similar characteristics, they present a diversity in cytogenetic and genetic sequence alterations, which further increases the diversity of sarcomas. This variety is one of the main challenges for the classification and understanding of STS patterns, as well as for their respective treatments, which further decreases patient survival (<5 years). Despite some studies, little is known about the immunological profile of STS. As for the immunological profile of STS in relation to NK cells, there is also a shortage of studies. Observations made in solid tumors show that the infiltration of NK cells in tumors is associated with a good prognosis of the disease. Notwithstanding the scarcity of studies to characterize NK cells, their receptors, and ligands in STS, it is noteworthy that the progression of these malignancies is associated with altered NK phenotypes. Despite the scarcity of information on the function of NK cells, their phenotypes and their regulatory pathways in STS, the findings of this study support the additional need to explore NK cell-based immunotherapy in STS further. Some clinical trials, very tentatively, are already underway. STS clinical trials are still the basis for adoptive NK-cell and cytokine-based therapy.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological study of soft tissue sarcoma-retrospective study of tertiary cancer institute in eastern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4075
Author(s):  
Kunhi Mohammed K. P. ◽  
Snehasis Pradhan ◽  
Supratim Bhattacharyya ◽  
Prafulla Kumar Das ◽  
Muhammed Navas N. K.
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Pleomorphic Sarcoma ◽  
Frequent Variety ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin that comprise less than 1 percent of all adult malignancies. Although they occur anywhere in the body, they involve most commonly in extremities, trunk, retroperitoneum and head and neck. The aim of the study was to analyze clinical and histopathological features of various soft tissue sarcomas.Methods: This was a retrospective study, conducted in tertiary cancer centre in Odisha during the period 2015 to 2018. We collected clinical parameters like age, sex, site of swelling, any associated pain and biopsy reports and these variables were correlated with final histopathology reports.Results: A total of 107 patients were included in the study, with male to female ratio of 2:1(71 and 36) and average age of 43.45 years. All of them presented with a swelling. The lower extremities were the most common sites i.e. 44.62%. Pleomorphic sarcoma was the most frequent histologic variety comprising 43% and less frequent variety were angiosarcoma, and myxoid sarcoma.Conclusions: Soft tissue sarcoma are predominant in males and middle aged population are frequently affected. Most common affected site is lower extremity and pleomorphic sarcoma is the prominent histologic type.

scholarly journals How Can a Multidisciplinary Approach Improve Prognosis of Soft-Tissue Sarcomas of Extremities?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Asmae Mazti ◽  
Mohamed El Idrissi ◽  
Abdelhalim El Ibrahimi ◽  
Mustapha El Maaroufi ◽  
Ghizlane El Koubaiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
R0 Resection ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Multidisciplinary Meeting

Soft-tissue sarcomas are malignant tumors that require good management within specialized centers. Our study aims to assess the benefit of handling these kinds of tumors using the Multidisciplinary Meeting (MDM) approach. The current paper details this approach through a prospective study that has lasted for 42 months in the HASSAN II University Hospital Center, Fez, Morocco. During this research work, 116 cases were selected with an average age of 53 years. In 95.7% of the cases, it was found that the lower limb was the most frequent tumor type (78.4%). Also, ninety-two (92) patients (79.3%) have had a prior biopsy. Ninety-nine (99) patients (85.3%) have received a magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI) before surgery. Sixty-three (63) patients were operated on, including R0 resection used for 37 patients, R1 used for 21 patients, and R2 used for five patients. As a result, liposarcomas were the most frequent type (30.1%), followed by synovial sarcomas (14.6%), leiomyosarcomas (9.5%), ewing sarcoma (8.6), and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (7.7%). In addition, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was used for 36 patients. The other 22 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The overall survival rate was 60.56 months, which proves a significant improvement, thanks to the multidisciplinary meeting approach. Conclusion. The conducted investigation has shown that using MDM for managing soft-tissue sarcomas of extremities improves the patients’ survival rate. Moreover, results have proven MDM might allow optimal treatment regarding less local recurrence and metastasis.

scholarly journals Soft Tissue Sarcomas of Extremities - MRI Role in the Diagnostic Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
A.M. Bratu ◽  
I.A. Sălcianu ◽  
C. Zaharia ◽  
G. Iana ◽  
A.N. Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Bony Pelvis ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction. Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare entities of soft tissue cancers. Their incidence is low, of only 1% of the malignant tumors. In terms of localization, most of the STS affect the extremities, and their incidence is much higher in children than in adults. Material and method. The present paper is a retrospective study that includes tumors with lower limb localizations, including the bony pelvis, over a 3-year period (2013-2016). The study group consisted of 29 patients who, following the MRI examination, were diagnosed with softtissue tumors. Of the 29 patients, 17 patients had a MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and an anatomopathological diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. The location of the tumor, its characteristics, and the relationship with the adjacent anatomical structures were analyzed in all cases. Results. The ages of the final group of 17 patients ranged between 28 and 84 years, with female predominance. In terms of localization, one showed a muscle tumor in the pelvis, namely left oblique muscle, other cases being located in the thigh and knee. A special importance was given to the superficial and profound location. In 5 cases, the tumor was localized in subcutaneous fatty tissue, thus superficial. In terms of the contours of the tumor, well-defined margins were present in 11 cases, and poorly defined contour in 6 cases. Regarding the size, the leiomyosarcomas in our study had dimensions between 5.2 cm and 18 cm, and their structure was inhomogeneous, with the presence of necrosis and calcifications. Necrosis was found in 14 cases, and calcifications were present in 68%, being more frequent than necrosis. Except for the necrotic areas, the contrast enhancement was intense. Conclusions. Although the diagnosis is always histopathological, the MRI plays an important role in defining a precise localization and tumor characteristics.

Article Commentary: Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremity and Trunk: Issues for the General Surgeon

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 665-671
Author(s):  
Gerame Wells ◽  
Robert C.G. Martin ◽  
Kelly M. Mcmasters ◽  
Charles R. Scoggins
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
General Surgeon ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
General Surgeons

Soft tissue sarcomas represent a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors that arise from mesenchymal tissues. The majority of these tumors arise on the extremity or trunk. Despite their rarity, soft tissue sarcomas continue to generate vigorous academic interest, and as a result, the ever-expanding medical literature dealing with sarcomas continues to grow. Many general surgeons will see few of these tumors during their careers, and a review of the current literature and how it applies to patients afflicted with soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity or trunk is warranted.

scholarly journals Cellular Plasticity and Tumor Microenvironment in Gliomas: The Struggle to Hit a Moving Target

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gargini ◽  
Berta Segura-Collar ◽  
Pilar Sánchez-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traditional Therapies ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Classification Of Gliomas

Brain tumors encompass a diverse group of neoplasias arising from different cell lineages. Tumors of glial origin have been the subject of intense research because of their rapid and fatal progression. From a clinical point of view, complete surgical resection of gliomas is highly difficult. Moreover, the remaining tumor cells are resistant to traditional therapies such as radio- or chemotherapy and tumors always recur. Here we have revised the new genetic and epigenetic classification of gliomas and the description of the different transcriptional subtypes. In order to understand the progression of the different gliomas we have focused on the interaction of the plastic tumor cells with their vasculature-rich microenvironment and with their distinct immune system. We believe that a comprehensive characterization of the glioma microenvironment will shed some light into why these tumors behave differently from other cancers. Furthermore, a novel classification of gliomas that could integrate the genetic background and the cellular ecosystems could have profound implications in the efficiency of current therapies as well as in the development of new treatments.

Combination chemotherapy using adriamycin, DTIC, cyclophosphamide, and actinomycin D for advanced soft tissue sarcomas: a randomized comparative trial. A phase III, Southwest Oncology Group Study (7613).

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
L H Baker ◽  
J Frank ◽  
G Fine ◽  
S P Balcerzak ◽  
R L Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Comparative Trial ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Oncology Group ◽  
Southwest Oncology Group ◽  
Significant Difference

The term soft tissue sarcoma refers to a large variety of malignant tumors arising in extraskeletal connective tissues that connect, support, and surround discrete anatomic structures. All visceral organs also contain a connective stroma that can undergo malignant transformation. Because of the histological similarities of this group of tumors and their relative rarity, treatment prescriptions for patients that have disseminated disease are most often uniform. In this study, we asked the question whether adding a third drug (cyclophosphamide or actinomycin D) to Adriamycin (Adr [Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH])-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)- imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) would improve the response rate and/or survival. A unique feature of this cooperative group clinical trial was the mandatory pathology review of the histological material. All patients of the Southwest Oncology Group between June 1, 1976, and November 17, 1979, who had a biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of a soft tissue sarcoma with convincing clinical or biopsy-documented evidence of metastatic disease were eligible for the study. Patients were randomized to receive (1) Adr, 60 mg/m2 intravenously, day 1, and DTIC, 250 mg/m2 every 3 weeks (104 patients); (2) Adr and DTIC as in (1) and cyclophosphamide, 500 mg/m2, day 1 (112 patients); or (3) Adr and DTIC as in (1) and actinomycin D, 1.2 mg/m2, day 1, (119 patients). There was no statistically significant difference in response rates (33%, 34%, and 24%) (P = .25). Median durations of response were 31 weeks in the Adr-DTIC arm, 26 weeks in the cyclophosphamide-DTIC-Adr arm, and 23 weeks in the Adr-DTIC-Actinomycin D arm (P = .78). Median durations of survival were 37, 42, and 50 weeks, respectively. Again, no statistically significant differences were observed (P = .59). Toxicities from each of these treatment arms were formidable and were equivalent. Prognostic factor analysis showed a prognosis based on bone marrow reserve, sex, and pathology subtype favorable to patients.

Characterization of the Pseudocapsule of Soft-Tissue Sarcomas

1989 ◽  
Vol &NA; (246) ◽  
pp. 285???292 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN GITELIS ◽  
RICHARD THOMAS ◽  
ALEXANDER TEMPLETON ◽  
FRITZ SCHAJOWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Personal Point of View

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medical Oncologists

Dr. Gianni Bonadonna is internationally recognized as one of the foremost medical oncologists of the 20th century. He is best known for his pioneering work in the development of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, but he was also the father of sarcoma chemotherapy. The first investigator to study the new chemotherapeutic agent adriamycin in the late 1960s, he noted activity against sarcomas. This article, focusing on adjuvant chemotherapy, adriamycin, and sarcomas, memorializes his achievements and their progeny.

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