scholarly journals Electrical Signaling of Plants under Abiotic Stressors: Transmission of Stimulus-Specific Information

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10715
Author(s):  
Maxim Mudrilov ◽  
Maria Ladeynova ◽  
Marina Grinberg ◽  
Irina Balalaeva ◽  
Vladimir Vodeneev
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Systemic Response ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Variation Potential ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Electrical Signaling

Plants have developed complex systems of perception and signaling to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Electrical signaling is one of the most promising candidates for the regulatory mechanisms of the systemic functional response under the local action of various stimuli. Long-distance electrical signals of plants, such as action potential (AP), variation potential (VP), and systemic potential (SP), show specificities to types of inducing stimuli. The systemic response induced by a long-distance electrical signal, representing a change in the activity of a complex of molecular-physiological processes, includes a nonspecific component and a stimulus-specific component. This review discusses possible mechanisms for transmitting information about the nature of the stimulus and the formation of a specific systemic response with the participation of electrical signals induced by various abiotic factors.

scholarly journals A Theoretical Analysis of Relations between Pressure Changes along Xylem Vessels and Propagation of Variation Potential in Higher Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sukhova ◽  
Elena Akinchits ◽  
Sergey V. Gudkov ◽  
Roman Y. Pishchalnikov ◽  
Vladimir Vodeneev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Terminal Point ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Variation Potential ◽  
Damaged Zone ◽  
Pressure Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Variation potential (VP) is an important long-distance electrical signal in higher plants that is induced by local damages, influences numerous physiological processes, and participates in plant adaptation to stressors. The transmission of increased hydraulic pressure through xylem vessels is the probable mechanism of VP propagation in plants; however, the rates of the pressure transmission and VP propagation can strongly vary. We analyzed this problem on the basis of a simple mathematical model of the pressure distribution along a xylem vessel, which was approximated by a tube with a pressure gradient. It is assumed that the VP is initiated if the integral over pressure is more than a threshold one, taking into account that the pressure is transiently increased in the initial point of the tube and is kept constant in the terminal point. It was shown that this simple model can well describe the parameters of VP propagation in higher plants, including the increase in time before VP initiation and the decrease in the rate of VP propagation with an increase in the distance from the zone of damage. Considering three types of the pressure dynamics, our model predicts that the velocity of VP propagation can be stimulated by an increase in the length of a plant shoot and also depends on pressure dynamics in the damaged zone. Our results theoretically support the hypothesis about the impact of pressure variations in xylem vessels on VP propagation.

scholarly journals Exploring strategies for classification of external stimuli using statistical features of the plant electrical response

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (104) ◽  
pp. 20141225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shre Kumar Chatterjee ◽  
Saptarshi Das ◽  
Koushik Maharatna ◽  
Elisa Masi ◽  
Luisa Santopolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Response ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Statistical Features ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Online Classification ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Signal Time ◽  
Stationary Plant

Plants sense their environment by producing electrical signals which in essence represent changes in underlying physiological processes. These electrical signals, when monitored, show both stochastic and deterministic dynamics. In this paper, we compute 11 statistical features from the raw non-stationary plant electrical signal time series to classify the stimulus applied (causing the electrical signal). By using different discriminant analysis-based classification techniques, we successfully establish that there is enough information in the raw electrical signal to classify the stimuli. In the process, we also propose two standard features which consistently give good classification results for three types of stimuli—sodium chloride (NaCl), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and ozone (O 3 ). This may facilitate reduction in the complexity involved in computing all the features for online classification of similar external stimuli in future.

scholarly journals Electrical Signals, Plant Tolerance to Actions of Stressors, and Programmed Cell Death: Is Interaction Possible?

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1704
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sukhova ◽  
Vladimir Sukhov
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Phytohormone Synthesis

In environmental conditions, plants are affected by abiotic and biotic stressors which can be heterogenous. This means that the systemic plant adaptive responses on their actions require long-distance stress signals including electrical signals (ESs). ESs are based on transient changes in the activities of ion channels and H+-ATP-ase in the plasma membrane. They influence numerous physiological processes, including gene expression, phytohormone synthesis, photosynthesis, respiration, phloem mass flow, ATP content, and many others. It is considered that these changes increase plant tolerance to the action of stressors; the effect can be related to stimulation of damages of specific molecular structures. In this review, we hypothesize that programmed cell death (PCD) in plant cells can be interconnected with ESs. There are the following points supporting this hypothesis. (i) Propagation of ESs can be related to ROS waves; these waves are a probable mechanism of PCD initiation. (ii) ESs induce the inactivation of photosynthetic dark reactions and activation of respiration. Both responses can also produce ROS and, probably, induce PCD. (iii) ESs stimulate the synthesis of stress phytohormones (e.g., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene) which are known to contribute to the induction of PCD. (iv) Generation of ESs accompanies K+ efflux from the cytoplasm that is also a mechanism of induction of PCD. Our review argues for the possibility of PCD induction by electrical signals and shows some directions of future investigations in the field.

scholarly journals Action potentials induce biomagnetic fields in carnivorous Venus flytrap plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Fabricant ◽  
Geoffrey Z. Iwata ◽  
Sönke Scherzer ◽  
Lykourgos Bougas ◽  
Katharina Rolfs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Optically Pumped ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Noninvasive Diagnostics ◽  
Venus Flytrap ◽  
Dionaea Muscipula ◽  
Cell Arrays ◽  
Electrical Signaling

AbstractUpon stimulation, plants elicit electrical signals that can travel within a cellular network analogous to the animal nervous system. It is well-known that in the human brain, voltage changes in certain regions result from concerted electrical activity which, in the form of action potentials (APs), travels within nerve-cell arrays. Electro- and magnetophysiological techniques like electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and magnetic resonance imaging are used to record this activity and to diagnose disorders. Here we demonstrate that APs in a multicellular plant system produce measurable magnetic fields. Using atomic optically pumped magnetometers, biomagnetism associated with electrical activity in the carnivorous Venus flytrap, Dionaea muscipula, was recorded. Action potentials were induced by heat stimulation and detected both electrically and magnetically. Furthermore, the thermal properties of ion channels underlying the AP were studied. Beyond proof of principle, our findings pave the way to understanding the molecular basis of biomagnetism in living plants. In the future, magnetometry may be used to study long-distance electrical signaling in a variety of plant species, and to develop noninvasive diagnostics of plant stress and disease.

scholarly journals Examining plant-parasitoid interactions in tritrophic systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo M. De Moraes ◽  
W. J. Lewis ◽  
James H. Tumlinson
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Systemic Response ◽  
The Past ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Herbivore Species ◽  
Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles ◽  
New Evidence

The demonstration that parasitoids are attracted to volatile compounds released by plants in response to herbivore feeding has generated a great deal of interest over the past ten years. The release of volatile signals by plants occurs not only in response to tissue damage but is also specifically initiated by exposure to herbivore salivary secretions. Although some volatile compounds are stored in plant tissues and immediately released when damage occurs, others are induced by herbivore feeding and released not only from damaged tissue but also from undamaged leaves. Thus, damage localized to only a few leaves results in a systemic response and the release of volatiles from the entire plant. New evidence suggests that, in addition to being highly detectable and reliable indicators of herbivore presence, herbivore-induced plant volatiles may convey herbivore-specific information that allows parasitoids to discriminate even closely-related herbivore species at long range. Here we give an overview of the recent developments in the investigation of plant-parasitoid interactions.

scholarly journals Orchestrating rapid long-distance signaling in plants with Ca2+ , ROS and electrical signals

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Gyu Choi ◽  
Gad Miller ◽  
Ian Wallace ◽  
Jeffrey Harper ◽  
Ron Mittler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Electrical Signals

scholarly journals Experimental realization of an optical digital comparator using silicon microring resonators

Nanophotonics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghui Tian ◽  
Huifu Xiao ◽  
Xiaosuo Wu ◽  
Zilong Liu ◽  
Yinghao Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Microring Resonators ◽  
Digital Signals ◽  
Experimental Realization ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Operation Speed ◽  
Digital Comparator ◽  
Comparison Results

AbstractWe propose and experimentally demonstrate a silicon photonic circuit that can perform the comparison operation of two-bit digital signals based on microring resonators (MRRs). Two binary electrical signals regarded as two operands of desired comparison digital signals are applied to three MRRs to modulate their resonances through the microheaters fabricated on the top of MRRs, respectively (here, one binary electrical signal is applied to two MRRs by a 1×2 electrical power splitter, which means that the two MRRs are modulated by the same binary electrical signal). The comparison results of two binary electrical signals can be obtained at two output ports in the form of light. The proposed device is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate using the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor fabrication process, and the dynamic characterization of the device with the operation speed of 10 kbps is demonstrated successfully.

scholarly journals Study on Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring of Plant under Stress Based on Integrated Op-Amps and Patch Electrode

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Weiming Cai ◽  
Qingke Qi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Stable State ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Flooding Stress ◽  
Op Amps ◽  
Electrophysiological Signal

Electrophysiological signal in plant is a weak electrical signal, which can fluctuate with the change of environment. An amplification detection system was designed for plant electrical signal acquisition by using integrated op-amps (CA3140, AD620, and INA118), patch electrode, data acquisition card (NI USB-6008), computer, and shielded box. Plant electrical signals were also studied under pressure and flooding stress. The amplification detection system can make nondestructive acquisition for Aquatic Scindapsus and Guaibcn with high precision, high sensitivity, low power consumption, high common mode rejection ratio, and working frequency bandwidth. Stress experiments were conducted through the system; results show that electrical signals were produced in the leaf of Aquatic Scindapsus under the stress of pressure. Electrical signals in the up-leaf surface of Aquatic Scindapsus were stronger than the down-leaf surface. Electrical signals produced in the leaf of Guaibcn were getting stronger when suffering flooding stress. The more the flooding stress was severe, the faster the electrical signal changed, the longer the time required for returning to a stable state was, and the greater the electrical signal got at the stable state was.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and biochemical value of Brassica L. cabbage plants

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Аrtemieva ◽  
A. Е. Solovieva
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
State Register ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Ornamental Crops

Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) is one of the most important metasperms. Kale Brassica includes economically important vegetable, forage, oil-bearing, ornamental crops and it is widespread in the world. This is explained by variety of food organs, high yield, environmental plasticity, different ways of food use and valuable biochemical composition. One of the most important ways to improve the efficiency of vegetables is seen as increasing the number of cultivated vegetables and their varietal diversity. The authors speak about necessity to breed new varieties and hybrids of cabbage crops, not represented in the state register, as well as missing types of varieties in order to expand the range of vegetables. The paper points out that cultivation in the Asian part of Russia requires the varieties and hybrids of all cabbage crops that combine high productivity and complex resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, eco-friendly, high-quality, with a different period of vegetation, including for horticultural use. The authors focus on increasing the nutritional value of vegetables and higher number of biologically active matters for making functional products. It is important and necessary to search within each cabbage for forms that combine productivity, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors when being grown in different environmental and geographical areas with a valuable biochemical composition. This allows to use efficiently cultivated and recommended for cultivation in the Asian part of Russia types and forms of Brassica L. vegetables. It is necessary for dietetic nutrition and raw materials in medical industry. All varieties of cabbage plants are supposed to be significant and reliable basis for improving population health and life expectancy taking into account existing environmental problems in the regions of Asian Russia.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Perceptual Attributes of Electro-tactile Stimuli as Function of Various Signal Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Rahimi ◽  
Fang Jiang ◽  
Yantao Shen,
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Voltage Frequency ◽  
The Relationship

This study is designed to determine the proper electrical signals that induce various perceptual qualities. These perceptions are chosen from a wide range of feelings, comfort and even surface qualities such as smoothness or flatness. The goal is to derive the relationship between the electrical signal properties (i.e. voltage, frequency and duty cycle) and the perceived qualities which are understood by human observers and reveal any pattens in their reports. A total of 144 measurements are collected from 8 participants. The results are analyzed using numerous statistical methods. In the end, the governing factors are identified and a signal with specific properties is is determined for each of the perception qualities. A great number of plots are included in this study to facilitate the process of choosing the appropriate signal for each factor.

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