scholarly journals Splice-Variant Knock-Out of TGFβ Receptors Perturbates the Proteome of Ovarian Carcinoma Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12647
Author(s):  
Liora Jacobs Catane ◽  
Ofra Moshel ◽  
Yoav Smith ◽  
Ben Davidson ◽  
Reuven Reich
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Cellular Motility ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tgfβ Receptors ◽  
Tgfβ Receptor

The aim of this study was to analyze the biological role of different transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) receptor splice variants in ovarian carcinoma (OC). Specific receptor variant knockouts (KO) were prepared using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system in two OC cell lines, TβRI variant 1 (TβRIv1) KO in ES-2 cells and TβRII variant 1 (TβRIIv1) KO in OVCAR-8 cells. Control and KO cells were compared by proteomic analysis, functional tests, analysis of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) drivers, and Western blot of signaling proteins. Proteomic analysis revealed significant changes in protein pathways in the KO cells. TβRIv1 KO resulted in a significant reduction in both cellular motility and invasion, while TβRIIv1 KO significantly reduced cellular motility and increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. Both receptor variant KOs reduced MET protein levels. Of the EMT drivers, a significant decrease in TWIST protein expression, and increase in SNAIL protein and MALAT1 mRNA levels were observed in the TβRIIv1 KO compared to control. A significant decrease in JNK1 and JNK2 activation was found in the TβRIv1 KO compared to control cells. These findings provide new insight regarding the biological role of the TGFβ receptor variants in the biology and potentially the progression of OC.

The role of DUBs in the post-translational control of cell migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Lambies ◽  
Antonio García de Herreros ◽  
Víctor M. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tgfβ Receptors ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Multistep Process

Abstract Cell migration is a multifactorial/multistep process that requires the concerted action of growth and transcriptional factors, motor proteins, extracellular matrix remodeling and proteases. In this review, we focus on the role of transcription factors modulating Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT-TFs), a fundamental process supporting both physiological and pathological cell migration. These EMT-TFs (Snail1/2, Twist1/2 and Zeb1/2) are labile proteins which should be stabilized to initiate EMT and provide full migratory and invasive properties. We present here a family of enzymes, the deubiquitinases (DUBs) which have a crucial role in counteracting polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of EMT-TFs after their induction by TGFβ, inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia. We also describe the DUBs promoting the stabilization of Smads, TGFβ receptors and other key proteins involved in transduction pathways controlling EMT.

scholarly journals Effects of Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamides Targeting Human TGF-β1 on the Malignant Phenotypes of Liver Cancer Cells

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Takagi ◽  
Yutaka Midorikawa ◽  
Tadatoshi Takayama ◽  
Hayato Abe ◽  
Kyoko Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Liver Cancer Cells ◽  
Tgf Β1

Synthetic pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides bind to the minor groove of double-helical DNA with high affinity and specificity, and inhibit the transcription of corresponding genes. In liver cancer, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression is correlated with tumor grade, and high-grade liver cancer tissues express epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. TGF-β1 was reported to be involved in cancer development by transforming precancer cells to cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TGF-β1-targeting PI polyamide on the growth of liver cancer cells and CSCs and their TGF-β1 expression. We analyzed TGF-β1 expression level after the administration of GB1101, a PI polyamide that targets human TGF-β1 promoter, and examined its effects on cell proliferation, invasiveness, and TGF-β1 mRNA expression level. GB1101 treatment dose-dependently decreased TGF-β1 mRNA levels in HepG2 and HLF cells, and inhibited HepG2 colony formation associated with downregulation of TGF-β1 mRNA. Although GB1101 did not substantially inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells compared to untreated control cells, GB1101 significantly suppressed the invasion of HLF cells, which displayed high expression of CD44, a marker for CSCs. Furthermore, GB1101 significantly inhibited HLF cell sphere formation by inhibiting TGF-β1 expression, in addition to suppressing the proliferation of HLE and HLF cells. Taken together, GB1101 reduced TGF-β1 expression in liver cancer cells and suppressed cell invasion; therefore, GB1101 is a novel candidate drug for the treatment of liver cancer.

scholarly journals Transplantation of Telocytes Attenuates Unilateral Ureter Obstruction-Induced Renal Fibrosis in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 2056-2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Zheng ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Guisheng Qi ◽  
Mushuang Hu ◽  
Chao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Collagen I ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tgf Β1

Background/Aims: Previous studies imply that telocytes may have a protective effect on fibrosis in various organs, including the liver, colon, and heart. The effect of telocytes on renal fibrosis remains unknown. Herein, this study was designed to investigate the effect of telocytes on renal fibrosis and the potential mechanisms involved. Methods: In a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis model, telocytes were injected via the tail vein every other day for 10 days. The degree of renal damage and fibrosis was determined using histological assessment. The expression of collagen I, fibronectin, epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, and Smad2/3 phosphorylation was examined by western blot analyses. Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed in vivo to detect the levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and various growth factors. Results: Telocytes attenuated renal fibrosis, as evidenced by reduced interstitial collagen accumulation, decreased expression of fibronectin and collagen I, upregulation of E-cadherin, and downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin. Furthermore, telocytes decreased serum TGF-β1 levels, suppressed Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and increased the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in rat kidney tissue following UUO. Blockage of HGF counteracted the protective effect of telocytes on UUO-treated kidneys. Through the detection of HGF mRNA levels in vitro, we found that telocytes had no effect on HGF expression compared with renal fibroblasts. Conclusion: Telocytes attenuated UUO-induced renal fibrosis in rats, likely through enhancing the expression of HGF in an indirect manner.

Antioxidant expression in experimental hydronephrosis: role of mechanical stretch and growth factors

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (6) ◽  
pp. F789-F798 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Ricardo ◽  
G. Ding ◽  
M. Eufemio ◽  
J. R. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Mechanical Stretch ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Injury ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Experimental Hydronephrosis

We assessed whether levels of renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes are perturbed in rats following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The mechanism of catalase perturbation was investigated using proximal tubule suspensions following stimulation with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and interleukin (IL)-1 and in a proximal tubular cell line (OKC) subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch, which mimics the early hydrodynamic derangement after UUO. Levels of catalase and copperzinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) mRNA from 96-h UUO rats showed a 5.5-fold (P < 0.001) and 5.0-fold (P < 0.001) decrease, respectively, compared with the contralateral unobstructed kidney (CUK). Levels of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide showed a significant 1.8-fold (P < 0.0001) and 14.0-fold (P < 0.0001) increase, respectively, in 96-h UUO kidney slice cultures. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed Cu,Zn-SOD and catalase mRNA and protein transcription expressed in proximal tubules of UUO and CUK specimens. Catalase mRNA levels were markedly downregulated following a 1-h exposure of isolated proximal tubules to TGF-beta (0.1–10 ng) and IL-1 (1–5 ng), in comparison to control proximal tubular suspensions. OKC subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch for 1–24 h had marked decrements in catalase mRNA levels, compared with unstretched cells at the same time point. These results indicate that a primary downregulation of proximal tubular Cu,Zn-SOD and catalase expression develops in the proximal tubules of UUO with consequent increments in cortical oxidant levels. These findings suggest that either an early mechanical disturbance produced by UUO or local tubular generation of cytokines can reduce tubular catalase expression. The downregulation of catalase mRNA expression, together with increased oxidant stress in the rat renal cortex post-UUO, may amplify the proinflammatory state of experimental hydronephrosis culminating in tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis.

scholarly journals TGF-β Signaling and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition during Palatal Fusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Nakajima ◽  
Charles F. Shuler ◽  
Alexander Gulka ◽  
Jun-ichi Hanai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Fusion Process ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Morphological Process ◽  
Palatal Fusion ◽  
Genetically Engineered Mice

Signaling by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays an important role in development, including in palatogenesis. The dynamic morphological process of palatal fusion occurs to achieve separation of the nasal and oral cavities. Critically and specifically important in palatal fusion are the medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells, which are initially present at the palatal midline seam and over the course of the palate fusion process are lost from the seam, due to cell migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and/or programed cell death. In order to define the role of TGF-β signaling during this process, several approaches have been utilized, including a small interfering RNA (siRNA) strategy targeting TGF-β receptors in an organ culture context, the use of genetically engineered mice, such as Wnt1-cre/R26R double transgenic mice, and a cell fate tracing through utilization of cell lineage markers. These approaches have permitted investigators to distinguish some specific traits of well-defined cell populations throughout the palatogenic events. In this paper, we summarize the current understanding on the role of TGF-β signaling, and specifically its association with MEE cell fate during palatal fusion. TGF-β is highly regulated both temporally and spatially, with TGF-β3 and Smad2 being the preferentially expressed signaling molecules in the critical cells of the fusion processes. Interestingly, the accessory receptor, TGF-β type 3 receptor, is also critical for palatal fusion, with evidence for its significance provided by Cre-lox systems and siRNA approaches. This suggests the high demand of ligand for this fine-tuned signaling process. We discuss the new insights in the fate of MEE cells in the midline epithelial seam (MES) during the palate fusion process, with a particular focus on the role of TGF-β signaling.

scholarly journals Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EndoMT): Roles in Tumorigenesis, Metastatic Extravasation and Therapy Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Platel ◽  
Sébastien Faure ◽  
Isabelle Corre ◽  
Nicolas Clere
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Endothelial To Mesenchymal Transition

Cancer cells evolve in a very complex tumor microenvironment, composed of several cell types, among which the endothelial cells are the major actors of the tumor angiogenesis. Today, these cells are also characterized for their plasticity, as endothelial cells have demonstrated their potential to modify their phenotype to differentiate into mesenchymal cells through the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). This cellular plasticity is mediated by various stimuli including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and is modulated dependently of experimental conditions. Recently, emerging evidences have shown that EndoMT is involved in the development and dissemination of cancer and also in cancer cell to escape from therapeutic treatment. In this review, we summarize current updates on EndoMT and its main induction pathways. In addition, we discuss the role of EndoMT in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and its potential implication in cancer therapy resistance.

Blocking core fucosylation of TGF-β1 receptors downregulates their functions and attenuates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (4) ◽  
pp. F1017-F1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongli Lin ◽  
Dapeng Wang ◽  
Taihua Wu ◽  
Cui Dong ◽  
Nan Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Renal Tubular Cells ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Core Fucosylation ◽  
Tgf Β1

Posttranslational modification of proteins could regulate their multiple biological functions. Transforming growth factor-β receptor I and II (ALK5 and TGF-βRII), which are glycoproteins, play important roles in the renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the present study, we examined the role of core fucosylation of TGF-βRII and ALK5, which is regulated by α-1,6 fucosyltransferase (Fut8), in the process of EMT of cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. The typical cell model of EMT induced by TGF-β1 was constructed to address the role of core fucosylation in EMT. Core fucosylation was found to be essential for both TGF-βRII and ALK5 to fulfill their functions, and blocking it with Fut8 small interfering RNA greatly reduced the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 protein, caused the inactivation of TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling, and resulted in remission of EMT. More importantly, even with high levels of expressions of TGF-β1, TGF-βRII, and ALK5, blocking core fucosylation also could attenuate the EMT of HK-2 cells. Thus blocking core fucosylation of TGF-βRII and ALK5 may attenuate EMT independently of the expression of these proteins. This study may provide new insight into the role of glycosylation in renal interstitial fibrosis. Furthermore, core fucosylation may be a novel potential therapeutic target for treatment of renal tubular EMT.

TGF-β-induced EMT: mechanisms and implications for fibrotic lung disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. L525-L534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigham C. Willis ◽  
Zea Borok
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Fibrotic Lung Disease

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process whereby fully differentiated epithelial cells undergo transition to a mesenchymal phenotype giving rise to fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, is increasingly recognized as playing an important role in repair and scar formation following epithelial injury. The extent to which this process contributes to fibrosis following injury in the lung is a subject of active investigation. Recently, it was demonstrated that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induces EMT in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) in vitro and in vivo, and epithelial and mesenchymal markers have been colocalized to hyperplastic type II (AT2) cells in lung tissue from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), suggesting that AEC may exhibit extreme plasticity and serve as a source of fibroblasts and/or myofibroblasts in lung fibrosis. In this review, we describe the characteristic features of EMT and its mechanistic underpinnings. We further describe the contribution of EMT to fibrosis in adult tissues following injury, focusing especially on the critical role of TGF-β and its downstream mediators in this process. Finally, we highlight recent descriptions of EMT in the lung and the potential implications of this process for the treatment of fibrotic lung disease. Treatment for fibrosis of the lung in diseases such as IPF has heretofore focused largely on amelioration of potential inciting processes such as inflammation. It is hoped that this review will stimulate further consideration of the cellular mechanisms of fibrogenesis in the lung and especially the role of the epithelium in this process, potentially leading to innovative avenues of investigation and treatment.

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