scholarly journals Phytosterols in Seaweeds: An Overview on Biosynthesis to Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12691
Author(s):  
Soo-In Sohn ◽  
Periyasamy Rathinapriya ◽  
Sekaran Balaji ◽  
Devasahayam Jaya Balan ◽  
Thirukannamangai Krishnan Swetha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents

Seaweed extracts are considered effective therapeutic alternatives to synthetic anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agents, owing to their availability, low cost, greater efficacy, eco-friendliness, and non-toxic nature. Since the bioactive constituents of seaweed, in particular, phytosterols, possess plenty of medicinal benefits over other conventional pharmaceutical agents, they have been extensively evaluated for many years. Fortunately, recent advances in phytosterol-based research have begun to unravel the evidence concerning these important processes and to endow the field with the understanding and identification of the potential contributions of seaweed-steroidal molecules that can be used as chemotherapeutic drugs. Despite the myriad of research interests in phytosterols, there is an immense need to fill the void with an up-to-date literature survey elucidating their biosynthesis, pharmacological effects, and other biomedical applications. Hence, in the present review, we summarize studies dealing with several types of seaweed to provide a comprehensive overview of the structural determination of several phytosterol molecules, their properties, biosynthetic pathways, and mechanisms of action, along with their health benefits, which could significantly contribute to the development of novel drugs and functional foods.

scholarly journals A Novel Transparent pH Sensor Based on a Nanostructured ITO Electrode Coated with [3,3′-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2]-Doped Poly(pyrrole)

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Pruna ◽  
Francisco Palacio ◽  
Isabel Fuentes ◽  
Clara Viñas ◽  
Francesc Teixidor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Ito Electrode ◽  
Sensitive Electrode

A novel transparent and nanostructured ion-sensitive electrode based on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated with cobaltbis(dicarbollide)-doped poly(pyrrole) (PPy) is presented in this work. This metallacarborane-doped PPy was used as conducting polymer due to its high stability and chemical resistance. The ion-sensitive electrode was coupled to a miniaturized and low-cost potentiostat, in a final autonomous kit for potentiometric determination of pH. Qualitative calibration of the system revealed Nernstian behavior, resulting promising for novel point-of-care biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Biomedical Applications of Silver Nanoparticles: An Up-to-Date Overview

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra-Cristina Burdușel ◽  
Oana Gherasim ◽  
Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu ◽  
Laurențiu Mogoantă ◽  
Anton Ficai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Tissue Restoration

During the past few years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) became one of the most investigated and explored nanotechnology-derived nanostructures, given the fact that nanosilver-based materials proved to have interesting, challenging, and promising characteristics suitable for various biomedical applications. Among modern biomedical potential of AgNPs, tremendous interest is oriented toward the therapeutically enhanced personalized healthcare practice. AgNPs proved to have genuine features and impressive potential for the development of novel antimicrobial agents, drug-delivery formulations, detection and diagnosis platforms, biomaterial and medical device coatings, tissue restoration and regeneration materials, complex healthcare condition strategies, and performance-enhanced therapeutic alternatives. Given the impressive biomedical-related potential applications of AgNPs, impressive efforts were undertaken on understanding the intricate mechanisms of their biological interactions and possible toxic effects. Within this review, we focused on the latest data regarding the biomedical use of AgNP-based nanostructures, including aspects related to their potential toxicity, unique physiochemical properties, and biofunctional behaviors, discussing herein the intrinsic anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities of silver-based nanostructures.

Far Infrared-assisted Sample Extraction and Solvent Removal for Capillary Electrophoretic Determination of the Bioactive Constituents in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Luyan Zhang ◽  
Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Solvent Removal ◽  
Sample Extraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽  
Capillary Electrophoretic

Background: Sample preparation is crucially important for the capillary electrophoretic measurement of the bioactive constituents in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium because conventional solvent extraction is time-consuming and the solvent peaks seriously interfere with the measured capillary electropherograms. Objective: The objective of the present study is to establish far infrared-assisted sample preparation approaches for the analysis of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Methods: Synephrine and hesperidin in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were determined by capillary electrophoresis in combination with far infrared-assisted sample extraction and solvent removal. Results: The effects of detection potentials, irradiation times and the voltages applied to the infrared generator were investigated to acquire the optimal assay conditions. Synephrine and hesperidin could be well separated within 6 min at a separation voltage of 9 kV in an alkaline borate solution. Satisfactory linearity was observed over the concentration range of 0.001 to 1 mM with the detection limits of 0.43 and 0.52 μM for synephrine and hesperidin, respectively. The results exhibited that far infrared irradiations could enhance the efficiencies of sample extraction and solvent removal during the sample preparation of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. The extraction time was significantly reduced to 6 min while the interference of the solvent peaks towards the electropherograms was eliminated. Conclusion: Far infrared-accelerated extraction and solvent removal were employed in the capillary electrophoretic determination of the bioactive constituents in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium with satisfactory results. The ease, simplicity, efficiency and low cost of the novel sample preparation approaches indicate they may find a wide range of applications.

scholarly journals Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of Azithromycin, Ofloxacin and Ceftriaxone in Ciprofloxacin resistant Salmonella causing enteric fever

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Shamima Kawser ◽  
Md. Ruhul Amin Miah ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh ◽  
Khandker Md. Nurus Sabah ◽  
Tanzima Begum
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

The therapeutic alternatives available for use against ciprofloxacin resistant enteric fever isolates in an endemic area are limited. The antibiotics currently available are the quinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and azithromycin. In this study, the MICs of various drugs were determined for 100 enteric fever isolates (72 Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and 28 Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A ). Ciprofloxacin resistant (1oo%) Salmonella strains were sensitive to ofloxacin and ceftriaxone showing MICs of 0.0078-2 g /ml and 0.0156-2g /ml respectively. Salmonella strains (98%) had MIC values 1-32 g /ml for azithromycin. These results indicate that ofloxacin and ceftriaxone may be convenient alternative antimicrobial agents for Salmonella isolates.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i1.15818 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (01): 26-30  

Microextraction and Chromatographic Analysis of Budesonide Epimers in Exhaled Breath Condensate

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1032-1040
Author(s):  
Laleh Samini ◽  
Maryam Khoubnasabjafari ◽  
Mohamad M. Alimorad ◽  
Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki ◽  
Hak-Kim Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Breath Condensate

Background: Analysis of drug concentrations in biological fluids is required in clinical sciences for various purposes. Among other biological samples, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a potential sample for follow up of drug concentrations. Methods: A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure followed by a validated liquid chromatography method was employed for the determination of budesonide (BDS) in EBC samples collected using a homemade setup. EBC is a non-invasive biological sample with possible applications for monitoring drug concentrations. The proposed analytical method is validated according to the FDA guidelines using EBC-spiked samples. Its applicability is tested on EBC samples collected from healthy volunteers receiving a single puff of BDS. Results: The best DLLME conditions involved the use of methanol (1 mL) as a disperser solvent, chloroform (200 μL) as an extraction solvent, and centrifugation rate of 3500 rpm for 5 minutes. The method was validated over a concentration range of 21-210 μg·L-1 in EBC. Inter- and intra-day precisions were less than 10% where the acceptable levels are less than 20%. The validated method was successfully applied for the determination of BDS in EBC samples. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the developed method can be used for the extraction and quantification of BDS in EBC samples using a low cost method.

Development and Validation of an Eco-Friendly and Low-Cost Method for the Quantification of Cefepime Hydrochloride in Powder for Injectable Solution Using Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-464
Author(s):  
Danilo F. Rodrigues ◽  
Hérida R.N. Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Injectable Formulation ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Lactam Ring ◽  
Development And Validation

Background: A simple, eco-friendly and low-cost Infrared (IR) method was developed and validated for the analysis of Cefepime Hydrochloride (CEF) in injectable formulation. Different from some other methods, which employ organic solvents in the analyses, this technique does not use these types of solvents, removing large impacts on the environment and risks to operators. Objective: This study aimed at developing and validating a green analytical method using IR spectroscopy for the determination of CEF in pharmaceutical preparations. Methods: The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and the quantification of CEF was performed in the spectral region absorbed at 1815-1745 cm-1 (stretching of the carbonyl group of β- lactam ring). Results: The validated method showed to be linear (r = 0.9999) in the range of 0.2 to 0.6 mg/pellet of potassium bromide, as well as for the parameters of selectivity, precision, accuracy, robustness and Limits of Detection (LOD) and Quantification (LOQ), being able to quantify the CEF in pharmaceutical preparations. The CEF content obtained by the IR method was 103.86%. Conclusion: Thus, the method developed may be an alternative in the quality control of CEF sample in lyophilized powder for injectable solution, as it presented important characteristics in the determination of the pharmaceutical products, with low analysis time and a decrease in the generation of toxic wastes to the environment.

Graphene Modified Molecular Imprinting Electrochemical Sensor for Determining the Content of Dopamine

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-634
Author(s):  
Rong Liu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Tongsheng Zhong ◽  
Liping Long
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Molecular Imprinting ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Specific Selectivity ◽  
Pulse Voltammetry

Background: The unnatural levels of dopamine (DA) result in serious neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. Electrochemical methods which have the obvious advantages of simple operation and low-cost instrumentation were widely used for determination of DA. In order to improve the measurement performance of the electrochemical sensor, molecular imprinting technique and graphene have always been employed to increase the selectivity and sensitivity. Methods: An electrochemical sensor which has specific selectivity to (DA) was proposed based on the combination of a molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) with a graphene (GR) modified gold electrode. The performance and effect of MIP film were investigated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the solution of 5.0 ×10-3 mol/L K3[Fe(CN)6] and K4[Fe(CN)6] with 0.2 mol/L KCl at room temperature. Results: This fabricated sensor has well repeatability and stability, and was used to determine the dopamine of urine. Under the optimized experiment conditions, the current response of the imprinted sensor was linear to the concentration of dopamine in the range of 1.0×10-7 ~ 1.0×10-5 mol/L, the linear equation was I (µA) = 7.9824+2.7210lgc (mol/L) with the detection limit of 3.3×10-8 mol/L. Conclusion: In this work, a highly efficient sensor for determination of DA was prepared with good sensitivity by GR and great selectivity of high special recognization ability by molecular imprinting membrane. This proposed sensor was used to determine the dopamine in human urine successfully.

Non-enzymatic determination of purine nucleotides using a carbon dot modified glassy carbon electrode

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (30) ◽  
pp. 3866-3873 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Karthikeyan ◽  
D. James Nelson ◽  
S. Abraham John
Keyword(s):  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Purine Nucleotides ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Carbon Dot ◽  
Enzymatic Determination ◽  
Sensitive Determination

Selective and sensitive determination of one of the purine nucleotides, inosine (INO) using a low cost carbon dot (CD) modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.2) was demonstrated in this paper.

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