scholarly journals Resistance in the Genus Spodoptera: Key Insect Detoxification Genes

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Frédérique Hilliou ◽  
Thomas Chertemps ◽  
Martine Maïbèche ◽  
Gaëlle Le Goff
Keyword(s):  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Cytochromes P450 ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes species that are among the most important crop pests in the world. These polyphagous species are able to feed on many plants, including corn, rice and cotton. In addition to their ability to adapt to toxic compounds produced by plants, they have developed resistance to the chemical insecticides used for their control. One of the main mechanisms developed by insects to become resistant involves detoxification enzymes. In this review, we illustrate some examples of the role of major families of detoxification enzymes such as cytochromes P450, carboxyl/cholinesterases, glutathione S-transferases (GST) and transporters such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in insecticide resistance. We compare available data for four species, Spodoptera exigua, S. frugiperda, S. littoralis and S. litura. Molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of these genes in resistance will be described, including the duplication of the CYP9A cluster, over-expression of GST epsilon or point mutations in acetylcholinesterase and ABCC2. This review is not intended to be exhaustive but to highlight the key roles of certain genes.

Effect of Plant Essential Oils and Their Major Constituents on Cypermethrin Tolerance Associated Detoxification Enzyme Activities in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2167-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torranis Ruttanaphan ◽  
Wanchai Pluempanupat ◽  
Chutikan Aungsirisawat ◽  
Polnarong Boonyarit ◽  
Gaelle Le Goff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Cytochromes P450 ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Essential Oil Compounds

Abstract Essential oils are well known to act as biopesticides. This research evaluated the acute toxicity and synergistic effect of essential oil compounds in combination with cypermethrin against Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The effects of distillation extracts of essential oils from Alpinia galanga Zingiberaceae (Zingiberales) rhizomes and Ocimum basilicum Lamiaceae (Lamiales) leaves; one of their primary essential oil compounds 1,8-cineole; and linalool were studied on second-instar S. litura by topical application under laboratory conditions. The results showed that A. galanga had the highest control efficiency, whereas1,8-cineole provided a moderate efficacy. The mixtures of linalool, 1,8-cineole, O. basilicum, or A. galanga with cypermethrin were synergistic on mortality. Activity measurements of the main detoxification enzymes show that linalool and 1,8-cineole inhibit the activity of cytochromes P450 and carboxylesterases, which could explain their synergistic effect. Based on our results, the use of these mixtures represents an ideal eco-friendly approach, helping to manage cypermethrin resistance of S. litura.

scholarly journals Knock-Down of Gossypol-Inducing Cytochrome P450 Genes Reduced Deltamethrin Sensitivity in Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hafeez ◽  
Sisi Liu ◽  
Saad Jan ◽  
Le Shi ◽  
G. Mandela Fernández-Grandon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P450 Monooxygenases

Plants employ an intricate and dynamic defense system that includes physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms to counteract the effects of herbivorous attacks. In addition to their tolerance to phytotoxins, beet armyworm has quickly developed resistance to deltamethrin; a widely used pyrethroid insecticide in cotton fields. The lethal concentration (LC50) required to kill 50% of the population of deltamethrin to gossypol-fed Spodoptera exigua larvae was 2.34-fold higher than the control group, suggesting a reduced sensitivity as a consequence of the gossypol diet. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) treatment was found to synergize with deltamethrin in gossypol-fed S. exigua larvae. To counteract these defensive plant secondary metabolites, beet armyworm elevates their production of detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s). Gossypol-fed beet armyworm larvae showed higher 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD) activities and exhibited enhanced tolerance to deltamethrin after 48 and 72 h when compared to the control. Moreover, gossypol pretreated S. exigua larvae showed faster weight gain than the control group after transferring to a deltamethrin-supplemented diet. Meanwhile, gossypol-induced P450s exhibited high divergence in the expression level of two P450 genes: CYP6AB14 and CYP9A98 in the midgut and fat bodies contributed to beet armyworm tolerance to deltamethrin. Knocking down of CYP6AB14 and CYP9A98, via double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) in a controlled diet, rendered the larvae more sensitive to the insecticide. These data demonstrate that generalist insects can exploit secondary metabolites from host plants to enhance their defense systems against other toxic chemicals. Impairing this defense pathway by RNA interference (RNAi) holds a potential to eliminate the pest’s tolerance to insecticides and, therefore, reduce the required dosages of agrochemicals in pest control.

The Possible Role of Hydroxylation in the Detoxification of Atrazine in Mature Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides Nash) Grown in Hydroponics

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Marcacci ◽  
Muriel Raveton ◽  
Patrick Ravanel ◽  
Jean-Paul Schwitzguébel
Keyword(s):  
Cytochromes P450 ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Chrysopogon Zizanioides ◽  
Retention Factors ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Major Metabolic Pathway

The resistance mechanism of vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides) to atrazine was investigated to evaluate its potential for phytoremediation of environment contaminated with the herbicide. Plants known to metabolise atrazine rely on hydroxylation mediated by benzoxazinones, conjugation catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferases and dealkylation probably mediated by cytochromes P450. All three possibilities were explored in mature vetiver grown in hydroponics during this research project. Here we report on the chemical role of benzoxazinones in the transformation of atrazine.Fresh vetiver roots and leaves were cut to extract and study their content in benzoxazinones known to hydroxylate atrazine, such as 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)- one (DIBOA), 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) and their mono- and di-glucosylated forms. Identification of benzoxazinones was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and comparison of retention factors (Rf) and UV spectra with standards: although some products exhibited the same Rf as standards, UV spectra were different. Furthermore, in vitro hydroxylation of atrazine could not be detected in the presence of vetiver extracts. Finally, vetiver organs exposed to [14C]-atrazine did not produce any significant amount of hydroxylated products, such as hydroxyatrazine (HATR), hydroxydeethylatrazine (HDEA), and hydroxy-deisopropylatrazine (HDIA). Altogether, these metabolic features suggest that hydroxylation was not a major metabolic pathway of atrazine in vetiver.

scholarly journals Expression of human glutathione S-transferases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confers resistance to the anticancer drugs adriamycin and chlorambucil

1990 ◽  
Vol 268 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Black ◽  
J D Beggs ◽  
J D Hayes ◽  
A Bartoszek ◽  
M Muramatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases

Adaptation and resistance to chemicals in the environment is a critical part of the evolutionary process. As a result, a wide variety of defence systems that protect cells against chemical insult have evolved. Such chemical resistance mechanisms appear to play a central role in determining the sensitivity of human tumours to treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs. The glutathione S-transferases (GST) are important detoxification enzymes whose over-expression has been associated with drug-resistance. In order to evaluate this possibility we have expressed the human Alpha-class and Pi-class GST cDNAs that encode GST B1B1 and GST pi in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The expression of GST B1B1 or GST pi resulted in a marked reduction in the cytotoxic effects of chlorambucil, a bifunctional alkylating agent, and an anthracycline, adriamycin. These data provide direct evidence that the over-expression of GST in cells can confer resistance to anticancer drugs.

scholarly journals Human Drug Efflux Transporter ABCC5 Confers Sensitivity and Acquired Resistance to Pemetrexed in Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihui Chen ◽  
Zhipeng Wang ◽  
Shouhong Gao ◽  
Kejin Wu ◽  
Fang Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Mcf 7

Abstract AimPemetrexed, a new generation antifolate drug, is approved for the treatment for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, but factors affecting the efficacy and resistance of it have yet to be fully explicit. ATP-binding cassette transporters have been reported as prognostic and adverse effects predictors of many xenobiotics. This study was designed to explore whether ABC transporters affect pemetrexed resistance and may contribute to treatment regimen optimization for breast cancer.MethodsFirstly, the expression of ABC transporters family members was measured in cell lines, thereafter examined the potential role of ABC transporter in conferring resistance to pemetrexed in primary cancer cell lines isolated from 34 breast cancer patients, and then the role of ABCC5 in mediating transport of pemetrexed and apoptosis pathway in MCF-7 cell lines was assessed. Finally, the functions of ABCC5 on therapeutic effect of pemetrexed was evaluated in breast cancer bearing mice.ResultsThe expressions of ABCC2, ABCC4, ABCC5 and ABCG2 were significantly increased in pan-resistance cell lines, and the ABCC5, the most obvious one, was 5.21 times higher than that of the control group. The expression of ABCC5 was inversely correlated with sensitivity (IC50) of pemetrexed (r = 0.741; p<0.010) in breast cancer cell lines from 34 patients. Further, we found expression of ABCC5 influenced the efflux and cytotoxicity of pemetrexed in MCF-7 cell line, and the IC50 were 0.06 μg/ml and 0.20 μg/ml in ABCC5 knock-down and over-expression cells, respectively. In vivo study, we found ABCC5 affected sensitivity of pemetrexed in breast cancer bearing mice, and the tumor volume was much larger in ABCC5 over-expression group than that in control group (2.7 folds vs 1.2 folds).ConclusionsOur results indicated ABCC5 was associated with pemetrexed sensitivity and resistance in vitro and in vivo, and may be a biomarker for regimen optimization of pemetrexed in breast cancer treatment.

A Review on The Role of VEGF in Tamoxifen Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2006-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Mansouri ◽  
Nikta Feizi ◽  
Ali Mahdi ◽  
Keivan Majidzadeh-A ◽  
Leila Farahmand
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Tamoxifen Resistance ◽  
Tumor Proliferation ◽  
Vegf Receptors ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Tamoxifen Resistant ◽  
Resistant Cells

Background: Certain molecular deviations can lead to the development of breast cancer. For instance, estrogen and estrogen receptors play a significant role in inducing tumor proliferation. However, the efficacy of endocrine therapy through the administration of anti-estrogen drugs, such as Tamoxifen, is challenged by acquired resistance. Methods: Relevant articles were retrieved from Medline and google scholar. All were screened to select the ones discussing the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis and Tamoxifen resistance. The molecular interactions contributing in the resistant network were studied from the eligible articles. Results: Tamoxifen resistance occurs as a consequence of over-activated signal transduction pathways such as RTK s dependent cascades. It has been shown that microvessel count was greater in Tamoxifen resistant tissues than in responsive ones. Conclusion: In this review, the interaction between estrogen, Tamoxifen, VEGF, and VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) in Tamoxifen resistant cells has been discussed. VEGF and estrogen-independent growth cascades, especially MAPK have a positive feedback loop in Tamoxifen resistant cells. It has been proposed that over-activated pathways in Tamoxifen resistant cells induce pin1 mediated VEGF over-expression, which in turn result in enhanced activation of MAPK.

scholarly journals Age- and sex-related ABC transporter expression in pyrethroid-susceptible and –resistant Aedes aegypti

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie C. Rault ◽  
Ellis J. Johnson ◽  
Scott T. O’Neal ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Sarah E. McComic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

AbstractResistance mechanisms to synthetic insecticides often include point mutations and increased expression of genes encoding detoxification enzymes. Since pyrethroids are the main adulticides used against Aedes aegypti, which vectors pathogens such as Zika virus, understanding resistance to this insecticide class is of significant relevance. We focused on adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the pyrethroid-resistant Puerto Rico (PR) strain of Ae. aegypti. We investigated the expression patterns of six ABC transporters previously characterized as differentially expressed in insecticide-challenged mosquitoes, or increased mRNA expression in pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti, by comparing PR to the Rockefeller (Rock) susceptible strain. No constitutive differential expression between strains was detected, but expression differences for these genes was influenced by sex and age, suggesting that their role is independent from resistance in PR. Instead, ABC transporters may be induced after insecticide exposure. Challenging mosquitoes with deltamethrin, with or without ABC transporter modulators, showed that Rock and PR responded differently, but a contribution of ABC transporters to deltamethrin toxicity is suspected. Moreover, the effect of dexamethasone, which enhanced the inhibition of nerve firing by deltamethrin, was observed using a Drosophila central nervous system preparation, showing synergy of these two compounds through the potential inhibition of ABC transporters.

scholarly journals Human Drug Efflux Transporter ABCC5 Confers Acquired Resistance to Pemetrexed in Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihui Chen ◽  
Zhipeng Wang ◽  
Shouhong Gao ◽  
Kejin Wu ◽  
Fang Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Mcf 7

Abstract AimPemetrexed, a new generation antifolate drug, is approved for the treatment for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, but factors affecting the efficacy and resistance of it have yet to be fully explicit. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been reported as prognostic and adverse effects predictors of many xenobiotics. This study was designed to explore whether ABC transporters affect pemetrexed resistance and may contribute to treatment regimen optimization for breast cancer.MethodsFirstly, the expression of ABC transporters family members was measured in cell lines, thereafter examined the potential role of ABC transporter in conferring resistance to pemetrexed in primary cancer cell lines isolated from 34 breast cancer patients, and then the role of ABCC5 in mediating transport of pemetrexed and apoptosis pathway in MCF-7 cell line was assessed. Finally, the functions of ABCC5 on therapeutic effect of pemetrexed was evaluated in breast cancer bearing mice.ResultsThe expressions of ABCC2, ABCC4, ABCC5 and ABCG2 were significantly increased in pan-resistance cell line, and the ABCC5, the most obvious one, was 5.21 times higher than that of the control group. The expression of ABCC5 was inversely correlated with sensitivity (IC50) of pemetrexed (r = 0.741; p<0.001) in breast cancer cells from 34 patients. Furthermore, we found that the expression of ABCC5 influenced the efflux and cytotoxicity of pemetrexed in MCF-7 cell line, and the IC50 were 0.06 μg/ml and 0.20 μg/ml in ABCC5 knock-down and over-expression cells, respectively. In in vivo study, we found ABCC5 affected the sensitivity of pemetrexed in breast cancer bearing mice, and the tumor volume was much larger in ABCC5 over-expression group than that in control group (2.7 folds vs 1.3 folds).ConclusionsOur results indicated ABCC5 expression was associated with pemetrexed resistance in vitro and in vivo, and may be a biomarker for regimen optimization of pemetrexed in breast cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Exploring the role of RRM domains and conserved aromatic residues in RGG motif  of eIF4G-binding translation repressor protein Sbp1

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Nupur Bhatter ◽  
Rajan Iyyappan ◽  
Gayatri Mohanan ◽  
Purusharth I Rajyaguru
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Aromatic Residues ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Rna Granules

Background: RNA binding proteins play crucial role in determining if a given mRNA will be translated, stored, or degraded. Sbp1 is an RGG-motif containing protein that is implicated in affecting mRNA decapping and translation. Sbp1 represses translation by binding eIF4G1 through its RGG-motif and activates decapping when overexpressed. In this report, we have assessed the genetic interaction of Sbp1 with decapping activators such as Dhh1, Pat1, and Scd6. We have further analyzed the importance of different domains and specific conserved residues of Sbp1 in its ability to cause over-expression mediated growth defect. Method: Sequence alignment was performed to identify conserved aromatic residues to be mutated. Using site-directed mutagenesis several point mutations and domain deletions were created in Sbp1 expressed under a galactose-inducible promoter. The mutants were tested for their ability to cause growth defect upon over-expression. The ability of Sbp1 to affect over-expression mediated growth defect of other decapping activators was tested using growth assay. Live cell imaging was done to study localization of Sbp1 and its RRM-deletion mutants to RNA granules upon glucose starvation. Results: Mutation of several aromatic residues in the RGG-motif and that of the phosphorylation sites in the RRM domain of Sbp1 did not affect the growth defect phenotype. Deletion of another eIF4G1-binding RGG-motif protein Scd6 does not affect the ability of Sbp1 to cause growth defect. Moreover, absence of Sbp1 did not affect the growth defect phenotypes observed upon overexpression of decapping activators Dhh1 and Pat1. Strikingly deletion of both the RRM domains (RRM1 and RRM2) and not the RNP motifs within them compromised the growth defect phenotype. Sbp1 mutant lacking both RRM1 and RRM2 was highly defective in localizing to RNA granules.   Conclusion: This study identifies an important role of RRM domains independent of the RNP motif in Sbp1 function.

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