The Serum Concentrations of Hedgehog-Interacting Protein, a Novel Biomarker, Were Decreased in Overweight or Obese Subjects

Although it was known that obesity is an independent risk factor for metabolic disorders including diabetes, the factors that link these diseases were obscure. The Hedgehog-interacting protein (Hhip) is a negative regulator in tissue remodeling, and inhibits the proliferation of adipocytes, and promotes their differentiation. In addition, Hhip was positively associated with diabetes. However, the relationship between Hhip and obesity in the human body remains unclear. An analysis of the relationship between Hhip and normal weight, overweight, and obesity levels. Participants receiving a physical checkup were recruited. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Serum Hhip levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subjects were classified into normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups based on their body mass index (BMI). The association between Hhip and obesity was examined by multivariate linear regression analysis. In total, 294 subjects who were either of a normal weight (n = 166), overweight (n = 90), or obese (n = 38) were enrolled. Hhip concentrations were 6.51 ± 4.86 ng/mL, 5.79 ± 4.33 ng/mL, and 3.97 ± 3.4 ng/mL in normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups, respectively (p for trend = 0.032). Moreover, the regression analysis showed that BMI (β = −0.144, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.397−0.046, p = 0.013) was negatively associated with Hhip concentrations after adjusting for sex and age. Being overweight (β = −0.181, 95% CI = −3.311−0.400, p = 0.013) and obese (β = −0.311, 95% CI = −6.393−2.384, p < 0.001) were independently associated with Hhip concentrations after adjusting for sex, age, fasting plasma glucose, the insulin level, and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Our results showed that overweight and obese subjects had lower Hhip concentrations than those of normal weight. Being overweight and obese were negatively associated with Hhip concentrations. Hhip might be a link between obesity and diabetes.

Download Full-text

The Relationship Between Hedgehog-interacting Protein Levels and Obesity: A Case Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-92123/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hsuan-Wen Chou ◽

Hao-Chang Hung ◽

An-Chi Lin ◽

Ching-Han Lin ◽

Ye-Fong Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Insulin Level ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Interacting Protein ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Obesity And Diabetes

Abstract Background Obesity is an independent risk factor for metabolic disorders including diabetes. The Hedgehog-interacting protein (Hhip) is a negative regulator in tissue remodeling, and inhibits the proliferation of adipocytes and promotes their differentiation. In addition, Hhip was positively associated with diabetes. However, relationship between Hhip and obesity in the human body remain unclear. Methods Participants receiving a physical checkup were recruited. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Serum Hhip levels were determined by ELISA. Subjects were classified into normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups based on their body mass index (BMI). The association between Hhip and obesity was examined by a multivariate linear regression analysis.Results In total, 294 subjects who were either of a normal weight (n=166), overweight (n=90), or obese (n=38) were enrolled. Hhip concentrations were 6.51±4.86, 5.79±4.33, and 3.97±3.4 ng/ml in normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups, respectively (p for trend=0.032). Moreover, the regression analysis showed that BMI (β=-0.144, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.397~-0.046, p=0.013) was negatively associated with Hhip concentrations after adjusting for sex and age. Being overweight (β=-0.181, 95% CI=-3.311~-0.400, p=0.013) and obese (β=-0.311, 95% CI=-6.393~-2.384, p<0.001) were independently associated with Hhip concentrations after adjusting for sex, age, fasting plasma glucose, the insulin level, and other cardiometabolic risk factors.Conclusions Our results showed that overweight and obese subjects had lower Hhip concentrations than those of a normal weight. Being overweight and obese were negatively associated with Hhip concentrations. Hhip might be a link between obesity and diabetes.

Download Full-text

Cigarette Smoking Is Negatively Associated with the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Men with Normal Weight but Positively Associated with Stroke in Men

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2019/1853018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Su Wang ◽

Jie Chen ◽

Yuzhong Wang ◽

Yu Yang ◽

Danyu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

The Relationship

Background. The prevalence of diabetes and potentially related complications, including stroke, is rapidly increasing in China. The long-term effects of lifestyle may affect glucose metabolism in the general population. Although some studies have shown an association between smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the relationship remains unclear. Furthermore, the relationship between smoking and stroke in patients with T2DM has not been fully elucidated. Objective. We investigated the influence of cigarette smoking on T2DM and stroke in China. Detailed questionnaires about smoking status and anthropometric measurement were completed by participants, and oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), and blood lipids were measured. Results. In total, 8196 adults aged 40 years or older were included. We found a reduced risk of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and T2DM in male smokers with normal weight (body mass index BMI<25 kg/m2 or waist circumference WC<90 cm) compared with nonsmokers after adjusting for age, alcohol intake, physical activity, educational level, family history of diabetes, SBP, DBP, TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C. However, no significant association was detected in male current smokers with overweight/obesity or female smokers. In addition, compared with nonsmokers without T2DM, current smokers with T2DM had a significantly higher risk of stroke (odds ratio: 2.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.25–5.57; P=0.011) after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions. Smoking was negatively associated with T2DM in Chinese men of normal body weight, but no significant association was found for men with overweight/obesity or women. In addition, smoking was positively associated with nonfatal stroke, especially in patients with T2DM. Further prospective studies are needed to examine the association between smoking, diabetes, and stroke in different ethnic groups.

Download Full-text

Arginine 16 Glycine Polymorphism inβ2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Is Associated with Obesity, Hyperlipidemia, Hyperleptinemia, and Insulin Resistance in Saudis

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2012/945608 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maha H. Daghestani ◽

Arjumand Warsy ◽

Mazin H. Daghestani ◽

Ali N. Al-odaib ◽

Abdelmoneim Eldali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Hip Circumference ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Arg16gly Polymorphism ◽

Adrenergic Receptor Gene

Background. Several studies have shown an association between codon 16 polymorphism of theβ2AR gene and obesity.Methods. We studied the association between Arg16Gly polymorphism and obesity and its influence on anthropometric parameters, lipids, insulin resistance and leptin in Saudi individuals. The study group included 329 individuals (males: 109 and females: 220). Metabolic parameters, including glucose, lipids, insulin, and leptin were analyzed and anthropometric parameters including waist and hip circumference, waist/hip (W/H) ratio, and body mass index (BMI) were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated. Genotyping was conducted by DNA sequencing of 353 bp fragments, carrying the Arg16Gly polymorphic site.Results and Conclusion. Overweight and obese subjects had a significantly higher frequency of Gly16 (0.375 and 0.38, resp.) compared with normal-weight subjects (0.200). In addition, subjects carrying Gly16 allele regardless of their BMI had greater waist and hip circumference, W/H ratio, plasma lipids, leptin, glucose level, and insulin resistance as judged from the HOMA-IR, compared to those with the wild-type allele. The findings of this study show a significant association between the Arg16Gly polymorphism inβ2AR gene and the development of insulin resistance, overweight, and obesity in Saudi populations with an influence on the levels of lipid and leptin.

Download Full-text

Association of Irisin with Fat Mass, Resting Energy Expenditure, and Daily Activity in Conditions of Extreme Body Mass Index

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/857270 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

María Pardo ◽

Ana B. Crujeiras ◽

María Amil ◽

Zaida Aguera ◽

Susana Jiménez-Murcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Daily Activity ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Daily Physical Activity ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Treatment Of Obesity

FNDC5/irisin has been recently postulated as beneficial in the treatment of obesity and diabetes because it is induced in muscle by exercise, increasing energy expenditure. However, recent reports have shown that WAT also secretes irisin and that circulating irisin is elevated in obese subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate irisin levels in conditions of extreme BMI and its correlation with basal metabolism and daily activity. The study involved 145 female patients, including 96 with extreme BMIs (30 anorexic (AN) and 66 obese (OB)) and 49 healthy normal weight (NW). The plasma irisin levels were significantly elevated in the OB patients compared with the AN and NW patients. Irisin also correlated positively with body weight, BMI, and fat mass. The OB patients exhibited the highest REE and higher daily physical activity compared with the AN patients but lower activity compared with the NW patients. The irisin levels were inversely correlated with daily physical activity and directly correlated with REE. Fat mass contributed to most of the variability of the irisin plasma levels independently of the other studied parameters.Conclusion. Irisin levels are influenced by energy expenditure independently of daily physical activity but fat mass is the main contributing factor.

Download Full-text

Determining the Joint Effect of Obesity and Diabetes on All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular-Related Mortality following an Ischemic Stroke

Stroke Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2018/4812712 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Colleen Bauza ◽

Renee’ Martin ◽

Sharon D. Yeatts ◽

Keith Borg ◽

Gayenell Magwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Joint Effect ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Proportional Hazards Regression ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Related Mortality

Although obesity and diabetes mellitus, or diabetes, are independently associated with mortality-related events (e.g., all-cause mortality and cardiovascular-related mortality) following an ischemic stroke, little is known about the joint effect of obesity and diabetes on mortality-related events following an ischemic stroke. The aim of this study is to evaluate the joint effect of obesity and diabetes on mortality-related events in subjects with a recent ischemic stroke. Data from the multicenter Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) trial was analyzed for this study. The joint effect of obesity and diabetes on mortality-related events was estimated via Cox proportional hazards regression models. No difference in the hazard of all-cause mortality following an ischemic stroke was observed between obese subjects with diabetes and underweight/normal-weight subjects without diabetes. In contrast, obese subjects with diabetes had an increased hazard of cardiovascular-related mortality following an ischemic stroke compared with underweight/normal-weight subjects without diabetes. Additionally, there was evidence of an attributable proportion due to interaction as well as evidence of a highly statistically significant interaction on the multiplicative scale for cardiovascular-related mortality. In this clinical trial cohort of ischemic stroke survivors, obesity and diabetes synergistically interacted to increase the hazard of cardiovascular-related mortality.

Download Full-text

Association Between Bone Mineral Density And Serum Creatinine In People < 46 Years Old

10.21203/rs.3.rs-634897/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanru Guo ◽

Xianyang Zhu

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Lumbar Bone Mineral Density ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Mineral Density ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Purpose: To research the relationship between serum creatinine and lumbar bone mineral density in people aged <46 years. Methods: A total of 10,968 subjects from the American Nhanes database were included in this cross-sectional study, including 5,744 males (mean age 26.2 years) and 5224 females (mean age 26.7 years). The exposure factor is the serum creatinine value, and the outcome indicator is the lumbar bone mineral density. This study mainly used multivariate linear regression analysis to test the relationship between lumbar bone mineral density and serum creatinine. Results: In the multivariate linear regression analysis, serum creatinine was positively correlated with lumbar bone mineral density (β = 0.122, 95%CI: 0.047-0.198), but in the subgroup analysis stratified by sex, this positive correlation only exists in the female population (Β = 0.186, 95%CI: 0.070-0.301).Conclusions: Our study found that in women aged <46 years with normal renal function, there is a positive correlation between serum creatinine and lumbar BMD. And in those people, the determination of serum creatinine can provide a sensitive biomarker for the early identification and treatment of Osteopenia or osteoporosis.

Download Full-text

Relationship Between Selected Performance Tests and Non-contact Sports Injuries in Male Wushu Players

Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy ◽

10.32598/ptj.10.4.459.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 239-249

Author(s):

Abbas Ghafouri ◽

◽

Fariba Mohammadi ◽

Behnaz Ganji ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Lower Extremities ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Balance Test ◽

Limb Injuries ◽

The Relationship

Purpose: Several tests have been proposed as injury predictor inventories in various sports; however, it is important to recognize which test is more appropriate to predict the injuries of a particular sport. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between selected functional tests and lower limb injuries in elite male wushu athletes. Methods: In total, 40 wushu player were recruited from the national league (Mean±SD age: 25.1±4.9 y, weight: 67.3±7.7 kg, height: 175.3±4.7 cm). Functional Movement Screening (FMS), Tuck jump, single and double leg squats, Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and Stork balance tests were performed in this research. All of the study variables were measured before the national competition, and after the competition, the rate of the injuries were assessed. The correlation between them was evaluated, subsequently. Descriptive data were used to describe the collected results. Besides, multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the study variables. Results: Multivariate linear regression analysis data suggested that LESS, stroke balance test, single-leg squat, and SEBT failed to predict lower extremities injuries; however, Tuck jump, FMS, and double leg squat could predict lower extremities injuries. Conclusion: Based on the collected results, among the studied tests, trainers and researchers are suggested to employ the Tuck jump, FMS, and double leg squat tests to predict injuries in wushu male players; this test can also be used to prevent injuries in players.

Download Full-text

Food Craving in Obese Subjects: Its Correlation with Atherogenic Index and Feeding Behavior-Related Gene Expression

Acta de Investigación Psicológica ◽

10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2021.3.388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 5-16

Author(s):

Nadia Mabel Pérez-Vielma ◽

Ángel Miliar-García ◽

Modesto Gómez-López ◽

María Delfina Marín-Soto ◽

Gerardo Leija-Alva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

High Energy ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Food Craving ◽

Transcriptional Modulation ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

The Relationship

Obesity is influenced by environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors; particularly genes related to the regulation of lipids and addictive behavior. Food craving (FC) is a physiological and behavioral response that triggers the intense desire to ingest food, particularly food with high energy, fat, and/or sweet content. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the prevalence of FC in obese subjects and blood lipids as well as to determine the transcriptional modulation of CART, DRD2, and FTO. Method: Transverse, comparative, and randomized study including 21 obese participants (BMI, ≥30 kg/m2] and 20 normal weight participants (BMI, ≤25 kg/m2). We determined CART, DRD2, and FTO expressions; evaluated blood lipid levels; and obtained trait scores on the Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait, a multifactorial instrument validated for the Mexican population. Results: The DRD2 expression was significantly increased (p = 0.027) and the CART expression was significantly decreased (p = 0.001) in obese participants compared with normal weight participants. The FTO expression did not show significant differences. Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait showed scores of ≥72 in obese participants. Conclusions: Linear regression model analysis showed that FC is a predictor of atherogenic index (ATH), independently of BMI, and of the gene expression modulation of CART and DRD2.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Teachers’ Spirituality and Ethical Ideology on Their Preference of Reporting Wrongdoings at Schools

International Education Studies ◽

10.5539/ies.v9n5p85 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Asiye TOKER GOKCE

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Correlation Matrix ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

The Other ◽

Ethical Ideology ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Individual Level ◽

Internal Whistleblowing ◽

The Relationship

<p class="apa">This paper aimed to examine whistleblowing in point of individual level. Three sets of hypotheses were developed concerning the relationships between (1) religiosity and ethical ideology, (2) ethical ideology and intentions to different modes of whistleblowing, and (3) religiosity and intentions to different modes of whistleblowing. Descriptive statistics, Correlation matrix, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The sample includes 323 teachers in Turkey. The results confirmed that religiosity was negatively associated with relativism, and positively associated with idealism while they rejected any relation between the ethical ideology and intention to whistleblowing modes. The results confirmed only the positive relationship between religiosity and internal whistleblowing, while rejecting the other hypotheses. Few studies have investigated the relationship between whistleblowing modes and ethical ideology. Therefore, examining religiosity, ethical ideology, and whistleblowing in an education context in Turkey, this paper believed to contribute the literature with regard to Islamic perspective.</p>

Download Full-text

Lumbar Posterior Muscle and Local Kyphosis in Patients with Degenerative Thoracolumbar Kyphosis: A Case-Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-112205/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shuai Xu ◽

Chen Guo ◽

Yan Liang ◽

Zhenqi Zhu ◽

Haiying Liu

Keyword(s):

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Control Group ◽

Thoracolumbar Kyphosis ◽

Local Kyphosis ◽

The Mean ◽

Whole Spine ◽

The Relationship ◽

T2 Mri ◽

Control Study

Abstract Purpose: To explore the relationship between thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), body mass index (BMI) and the content of lumbar posterior muscles in patients with degenerative thoracolumbar kyphosis (DTLK) combined with lumbar stenosis syndrome (LSS).Methods: 126 patients with DTLK and LSS (DTLK group) and 87 patients with simple LSS (control group) were retrospectively included with well-matched demographics. TLK and lumbar lordosis (LL) were obtained on the X-ray of the whole spine. Lumbar crossing indentation value (LCIV) was introduced to evaluate the content of the lumbar muscles, with was measured from T12-L1 to L4-L5 at T2-MRI axial imaging. Three subgroups of normal weight, overweight and obesity were respectively divided into in both groups according to BMI. Three subgroups of increased LL, normal LL normal and decreased LL were also divided into in DTLK group.Results: The mean LCIV (mLCIV) of the DTLK group was less than control group and LCIV showed an increasing trend in DTLK group from T12-L1 to L4-L5. Different from control group, there were no significances in gender and BMI distribution of mLCIV in DTLK group (P>0.05). LCIV in increased LL subgroup was larger than that of normal LL and less LL subgroup (P<0.01). There were no relationship between TLK and BMI in both groups. BMI was positively correlated with mLCIV in control group(P=0.004). TLK and LCIV were negatively correlated (P<0.001) in DTLK group with LCIV=13.75-0.48×TLK.Conclusion: LCIV in DTLK group was less than control group with no gender- and BMI-difference. LCIV and TLK were mutually predictable in DTLK with LCIV=13.75-0.48×TLK.

Download Full-text