scholarly journals Long COVID: Distinction between Organ Damage and Deconditioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3782
Author(s):  
Johannes Kersten ◽  
Michael Baumhardt ◽  
Paul Hartveg ◽  
Luis Hoyo ◽  
Elina Hüll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Second Step ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Functional Complaints ◽  
Observation Period

(1) Background: Long COVID syndrome refers to long-term sequelae of the novel viral disease, which occur even in patients with initially mild disease courses. However, there is still little evidence of the actual organic consequences and their frequency, and there is no standardized workup to diagnose long COVID syndrome yet. In this study, we aim to determine the efficiency of a stepwise diagnostic approach for reconvalescent COVID-19 patients with cardiopulmonary symptoms. (2) Methods: The diagnostic workup for long COVID syndrome included three steps. In the first step, the focus was on broad applicability (e.g., blood tests and body plethysmography). In the second step, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and cardiac MRI (CMR) were used. The third step was tailored to the individual needs of each patient. The observation period lasted from 22 February to 14 May 2021. (3) Results: We examined 231 patients in our long COVID unit (mean [SD] age, 47.8 [14.9], 132 [57.1%] women). Acute illness occurred a mean (SD) of 121 (77) days previously. Suspicious findings in the first visit were seen in 80 (34.6%) patients, prompting further diagnostics. Thirty-six patients were further examined with CPET and CMR. Of those, 16 (44.4%) had pathological findings. The rest had functional complaints without organ damage (“functional long COVID”). Cardiopulmonary sequelae were found in asymptomatic as well as severe courses of the initial COVID-19 disease. (4) Conclusions: A structured diagnostic pathway for the diagnosis of long COVID syndrome is practicable and rational in terms of resource allocation. With this approach, manifest organ damage can be accurately and comprehensively diagnosed and distinguished from functional complaints.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic in the Disguise of Multi System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Sanaei Dashti ◽  
Kamyar Ebrahimi ◽  
Reza Shahriarirad ◽  
Shabnam Hajiani Ghotbabadi ◽  
Shiva Aminnia
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Public Crisis ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Atypical Presentations ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Abstract Although nearly a year has passed since the emerge of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with it, a serious and novel pediatric condition called children's multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) has subsequently emerged. In order to achieve a better understanding and management of the disease, documentation and reporting of atypical cases is justified, particularly with the growing number of children with inflammatory syndrome with clinical features simulating MIS during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Based on similar reports from numerous countries with temporal relation to COVID-19 infection in the community, it is essential for general pediatricians to be on alert for such atypical presentations and early referral to tertiary care should be considered as appropriate. Here we four cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Early diagnosis and treatment of patients meeting full or partial criteria for MIS are critical to preventing end-organ damage and other long-term complications, especially during times of public crisis and global health emergencies, such as the novel coronavirus pandemic.

scholarly journals The possible role of molecular mimicry in SARS-CoV-2-mediated autoimmunity: an immunobiochemical basis

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. e560
Author(s):  
Dženan Kovačić ◽  
Jovana Jotanović ◽  
Jasmina Laković
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
First Time

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), persists as a threat to global health and continues to be a rapidly evolving condition. Although COVID19 is negatively correlated with the existing comorbidities in terms of the clinical outcome, the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to mediate the novel, or to exacerbate the existing autoimmune conditions, has generated considerable interest, due to its potential implications both with regard to patients suffering from autoimmune conditions, as well as to the long-term consequences of the disease. However, although molecular mimicry has been postulated as a potential causative factor in post-COVID19 autoimmunity and multi-organ damage, a substantial body of research needs to emerge in order to achieve a more definitive conclusion. We investigated the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 peptide sequences behaving as molecular mimics with a potential to trigger an autoimmune response. Thus, on the basis of analysis in silico, we were able to develop a plausible case for the molecular mimicry as a potential aetiological mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-mediated autoimmunity, both in a multi-organ damage context or outside of the viral phase of infection. Interestingly, this is the first time that the peptide sequence of MACROD1 has been implicated in the COVID-19 autoimmunity. Additionally, we also confirm that PARP9 and PARP14 may be involved in the process.

Margaret Mahy: An Adlerian Reading

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
KATHRYN WALLS
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Alfred Adler ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Margaret Mahy ◽  
The Individual

According to the ‘Individual Psychology’ of Alfred Adler (1870–1937), Freud's contemporary and rival, everyone seeks superiority. But only those who can adapt their aspirations to meet the needs of others find fulfilment. Children who are rejected or pampered are so desperate for superiority that they fail to develop social feeling, and endanger themselves and society. This article argues that Mahy's realistic novels invite Adlerian interpretation. It examines the character of Hero, the elective mute who is the narrator-protagonist of The Other Side of Silence (1995) , in terms of her experience of rejection. The novel as a whole, it is suggested, stresses the destructiveness of the neurotically driven quest for superiority. Turning to Mahy's supernatural romances, the article considers novels that might seem to resist the Adlerian template. Focusing, in particular, on the young female protagonists of The Haunting (1982) and The Changeover (1984), it points to the ways in which their magical power is utilised for the sake of others. It concludes with the suggestion that the triumph of Mahy's protagonists lies not so much in their generally celebrated ‘empowerment’, as in their transcendence of the goal of superiority for its own sake.

SARS-COV2 virus and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Mohamed J. Saadh ◽  
Bashar Haj Rashid M ◽  
Roa’a Matar ◽  
Sajeda Riyad Aldibs ◽  
Hala Sbaih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine to control the spread of this fatal disease.

Concussion in sports in children and adolescents – to play or not to play?

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Return To School ◽  
The Novel ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
New Findings

A lot has been published on the topic concussion in sports during the last years, conscience was sharpened, much was structured and defined more precisely, help tools were developed and rules changed. This article summarizes the fifth edition of the recently published guidelines of the “International Consensus Conference on Concussion in Sport”. In addition, new findings regarding gender differences and recovery will be presented, as well as the modified “return-to-sport” and the novel “return-to-school” protocols. Despite increased knowledge many questions remain such as the therapy of persistent symptoms or long-term sequelae of recurrent concussions.

Studies of rootstocks for stone fruit breeds (sweet cherry) in the condition of Hissar valley in Tajikistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Rahima I. Ismoilova ◽  
Sodzhida D. Umarova
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Wild Cherry ◽  
Phenological Observation ◽  
Entire Observation Period ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Leaf System ◽  
Observation Period

This paper is about studying the rootstocks for stone fruit breeds (sweet cherry) in condition of Hissar valley in Tajikistan. Each type of rootstock has its own biological characteristics and imposes specific requirements for growing and development, both during reproduction in the mother plantation and during the growth of trees. For example, the root system in sour cherry is more superficial that of wild sweet cherry. Therefore, the care of trees grafted on sour cherry and wild cherry and of mother plantation bushes of these rootstocks cannot be same. Besides, there are very significant differences among the individual groups of rootstocks. Wild cherry, Mahaleb cherry and Lubskaya cherry are used as rootstocks in the conditions of the Hissar Valley in Tajikistan. High specificity of sweet cherry cultivar varieties depends on the rootstocks. Phenological observation were carried out in our experiments during years 2013-2018 in order to study their winter resistance, yield capacity and fruit quality. The same care for root and grafted plants was carried out during the entire observation period. At the same time a certain ratio between the leaf system of the rootstock and the graft was maintained by trimming the crown. As a result of the evolution and selection, we have identified the wild cherry forms which are distinguished by the highest yields. The most valuable cultivar varieties are Napoleon cherry and Bagration cherry. Compotes made of these varieties have received high evaluation in tasting.

Tertiary nitrification in pilot-plant plug-flow fixed-film reactors with long-term ammonium deficiency

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fruhen ◽  
K. Böcker ◽  
S. Eidens ◽  
D. Haaf ◽  
M. Liebeskind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Industrial Project ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Film Reactor ◽  
Observation Period

The objective of this study is to investigate to what extent the nitrification capacity of a pilot-plant fixed-film reactor changes during extensive periods of nutrient supply deficiency. The examined pilot-plant was an upflow reactor filled with swelling clay of medium grain size (6 to 8 mm). The experiments revealed that the maximum nitrification rate remained practically constant during the first weeks after the onset of unregulated ammonium supply. The capacity declined slowly, dropping to approximately 66% of the initial capacity after about ten weeks. Still ammonium peaks of up to 8 mg/l were readily nitrified throughout the entire period of the experiment. The reduction in nitrification capacity during the observation period did not result from decay processes of biomass but from the reactor becoming blocked and thus hampering transfer processes. It could be observed that the detached organisms attached again further up. This semi-industrial project demonstrated that a plug-flow fixed-film reactor can be used as effective means of tertiary nitrification.

The Acceptance of Party Unity in Parliamentary Democracies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Willumsen
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Ideal Policy ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Policy Incentives

The central argument of this book is that voting unity in European legislatures is not primarily the result of the ‘disciplining’ power of the leadership of parliamentary parties, but rather the result of a combination of ideological homogeneity through self-selection into political parties and the calculations of individual legislators about their own long-term benefits. Despite the central role of policy preferences in the subsequent behaviour of legislators, preferences at the level of the individual legislator have been almost entirely neglected in the study of parliaments and legislative behaviour. The book measures these using an until now under-utilized resource: parliamentary surveys. Building on these, the book develops measures of policy incentives of legislators to dissent from their parliamentary parties, and show that preference similarity amongst legislators explains a very substantial proportion of party unity, yet alone cannot explain all of it. Analysing the attitudes of legislators to the demands of party unity, and what drives these attitudes, the book argues that what explains the observed unity (beyond what preference similarity would explain) is the conscious acceptance by MPs that the long-term benefits of belonging to a united party (such as increased influence on legislation, lower transaction costs, and better chances of gaining office) outweigh the short-terms benefits of always voting for their ideal policy outcome. The book buttresses this argument through the analysis of both open-ended survey questions as well as survey questions on the costs and benefits of belonging to a political party in a legislature.

The Free Responsible Action of the Individual

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. DeJonge
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Responsible Action ◽  
Action Type ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

If, as Chapter 12 argues, much of Bonhoeffer’s resistance thinking remains stable even as he undertakes the novel conspiratorial resistance, what is new in his resistance thinking in the third phase? What receives new theological elaboration is the resistance activity of the individual, which in the first two phases was overshadowed by the resistance role played by the church. Indeed, as this chapter shows, Bonhoeffer’s conspiratorial activity is associated with what he calls free responsible action (type 6), and this is the action of the individual, not the church, in the exercise of vocation. As such, the conspiratorial activity is most closely related to the previously developed type 1 resistance, which includes individual vocational action in response to state injustice. But the conspiratorial activity differs from type 1 resistance as individual vocational action in the extreme situation.

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