scholarly journals Early Corticosteroid Therapy for Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia Irrespective of Used Antibiotics in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Ae Yang ◽  
Hyun-Mi Kang ◽  
Jung-Woo Rhim ◽  
Jin-Han Kang ◽  
Kyung-Yil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Oral Prednisolone ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

Antibiotics’ effect on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection still remains controversial. A prospective study of 257 children with MP pneumonia during a recent epidemic (2015–2016) was conducted. All MP pneumonia patients were treated with corticosteroids within 24–36 h after admission. Initially, oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg) or intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP; 1–2 mg/kg) was administered for mild pneumonia patients, and IVMP (5–10 mg/kg/day) for severe pneumonia patients. If patients showed a persistent fever for 36–48 h or disease progression, additive IVMP (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) was given. Thirty-three percent of patients received only a broad-spectrum antibiotic without a macrolide. The mean age and the male-to-female ratio was 5.6 ± 3.1 years and 1:1, respectively. Seventy-four percent of patients showed immediate defervescence within 24 h, and 96% of patients showed defervescence within 72 h with improvements in clinical symptoms. Three percent of patients (8/257) who received additive IVMP also showed clinical improvement within 48 h without adverse reactions. There were no clinical or laboratory differences between patients treated with a macrolide (n = 172) and without (n = 85). Early corticosteroid therapy might reduce disease morbidity and prevent disease progression in MP pneumonia patients without side effects, and antibiotics may have limited effects on MP infection.

scholarly journals Early Corticosteroid Therapy for Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia Irrespective of Used Antibiotics in Children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Ae Yang ◽  
Hun-Mi Kang ◽  
Jung-Woo Rhim ◽  
Jin-Han Kang ◽  
Kyung-Yil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Oral Prednisolone ◽  
Intravenous Methylprednisolone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Prospective Study

Antibiotics’ effect on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection still remains controversial. A prospective study of 257 children with MP pneumonia during a recent epidemic (2015-2016) was conducted. All MP pneumonia patients were treated with corticosteroids within 24-36 h after admission. Initially, oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg) or intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) (1-2 mg/kg) was administered for mild pneumonia patients, and IVMP (5 -10 mg/kg/day) for severe pneumonia patients. If patients showed persistent fever for 36-48 hours or disease progression, additive IVMP (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) was given. Eighty-five patients received only a broad-spectrum antibiotic without macrolide. The mean age and the male:female ratio were 5.6 ± 3.1 years, respectively. Seventy-four percent of patients (190/257) showed immediate defervescence within 24 h, and 95.7% (246/257) of patients showed defervescence within 72 h with improvements in clinical symptoms. Eight patients who received additive IVMP also showed clinical improvement within 48 h without adverse reactions. There were no clinical or laboratory differences between patients treated with a macrolide (n = 172) and without (n = 85). Early corticosteroid therapy might reduce disease morbidity and prevent disease progression in MP pneumonia patients without side effects, and antibiotics may have limited effects on MP infection.

scholarly journals The Value of Neutrophil/monocyte Ratio in Early Diagnosis of Children Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Yao ◽  
Yao Xie ◽  
Fei Chen ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

Abstract Background:To investigate the value of blood cell analysis in early diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MP). Methods:The clinical parameters, including patient characteristics, clinical symptoms, imaging characteristics and laboratory examination data of the patients hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital from January 2018 to March 2020 due to community-acquired pneumonia were collected for retrospective analysis. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software for statistical analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The levels of white blood cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (NEU), absolute monocyte count (MON), platelet count (PLT), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR), mean platelet volume/platelet count (MPV/PLT) and neutrophil/monocyte ratio (NMR) in children with bacterial pneumonia (BP)were significantly higher than those of children withMP and children withviral pneumonia (VP), the NMR level in children withMP was higher than that of children with VP,the NMR levelsin the three groups of children were significantly different (P<0.05).Combined with the NMR level, the children’s age andpulmonary consolidation information,the AUC areas of MP, BP and VP had high accuracy fordifferential diagnosis of MP. Conclusion:As a comprehensive indicator of neutrophils and monocytes, NMR may differentiate pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae, bacterial and viral infections, which provides new direction for early differential diagnosis of pneumonia.

scholarly journals Correlation between Clinical Symptoms of Various Colorectal Diseases and Colonoscopic Findings

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Roman Kidwai ◽  
Anup Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Colorectal Diseases ◽  
Male To Female

Background: About 30% of patients presenting to surgical outpatient department has lower gastrointestinal (LGI) symptoms. Colonoscopy is a low risk and at the same time investigation of choice in these patients which allows visualization of the entire colon and the terminal portion of ileum. This study was done to find out the diagnostic accuracy of colonoscopy in relation to the clinical symptoms of the disease.  Methods: This was a prospective, hospital based study from February 2014 to March 2019 carried out at Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital. The colonoscopy diagnosis was compared with the clinical symptoms and further confirmed with histological examination.  Results: 341 patients underwent colonoscopy. There were 234 (68.62%) males and 107 (31.37%) females with the male to female ratio of 2.18: 1. The age ranged from 16 to 81 with the mean age of 59.63±10.37. The most common presenting symptom was per rectal bleeding (40.34%) the after were alteration in bowel habit (17.30%), constipation (12.90%), hematochezia (11.43%). The least common indication for colonoscopy was unexplained anemia. Haemorrhoids were the most common findings consisting 32.55%. In 19.94% it was normal. Majority had various inflammatory conditions, among them 10.85% had proctocolitis, 2.34% were suspected to have ulcerative colitis. There were 17(4.98%) patients with colonic and 13(3.18%)with rectal carcinoma. 10.55% had colorectal polyps. Out of 111 patients suspected to have hemorrhoids clinically 102 had same findings on colonoscopy. Similarly 34 patients presenting with chronic diarrhea with bleeding and 59 with alteration in bowel habit where inflammatory conditions were suspected had similar findings on colonoscopy in 29 and 34 patients respectively. Similarly the suspicion of malignancy on clinical basis was also correlated on colonoscopy. The inflammatory conditions diagnosed on colonoscopy were confirmed in 85.04 % by histology. Similarly malignancy and the presence of polyps diagnosed on colonoscopy were confirmed by histology in 97.05% and in 97.22% cases respectively. Conclusion: Colonoscopy is a safe and effective investigation to diagnose various colorectal conditions. There was a correlation between the clinical symptoms and the colonoscopicdiagnosis especially in conditions like inflammatory and neoplastic colorectal diseases. When combined with histology the diagnostic accuracy can be near 100% in conditions like inflammatory and benign or malignant diseases.

scholarly journals Ethambutol Pharmacokinetic Variability Is Linked to Body Mass in Overweight, Obese, and Extremely Obese People

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1502-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Hall ◽  
Mark A. Swancutt ◽  
Claudia Meek ◽  
Richard D. Leff ◽  
Tawanda Gumbo
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Two Compartment Model ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Male To Female

ABSTRACTWe conducted a prospective study of 18 adult volunteers (male-to-female ratio of 1) whose body mass index fell into categories of <25, 25 to 40, or >40 kg/m2, who received a single oral dose of 1,600 mg ethambutol. Only individuals with normal renal function were recruited. The minimum body mass (M) was 45.6 kg, the median was 90.8 kg, and the maximum weight was 160.4 kg. Ethambutol pharmacokinetics were best described by a two-compartment model. Inclusion of weight as a covariate dramatically improved the model, with a relative likelihood approaching infinity. The typical clearance was 42.6 liters/h. Ethambutol systemic clearance was proportional to (M/45.6)3/4and thus obeyed fractal geometry-based laws. This means that the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) actually decreased for obese patients compared to that for leaner patients, reducing chances of concentration-dependent toxicity. On the other hand, such reduced AUCs could lead to therapy failure. Thus, new and individualized ethambutol dosing regimens need to be designed for obese and extremely obese patients.

scholarly journals A prospective study on morphological alteration of megakaryocytes amongst megaloblastic anemia cases along with their clinic-haematological manifestations

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4127
Author(s):  
Benazeer Mansuri ◽  
Komal P. Thekdi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Common Complaint ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Megaloblastic anemias are hematologic disorders in which abnormal DNA synthesis causes blood and bone marrow disorders. The cause of thrombocytopenia in megaloblastic anemia has been postulated as hypoproduction in some studies, whereas ineffective thrombopoeisis has been proposed in other. Objective was to study spectrum of clinic-hematological features in megaloblastic anemia and comparative bone marrow aspiration study of thrombocytopenia secondary to megaloblastic anemia, hypoproduction and hyper-destruction. This study was done to understand the various megakaryocytic alterations in hematological disorders presenting with thrombocytopenia due to different mechanisms.Methods: Total 85 cases of thrombocytopenia included in the study. Bone marrow finding in 33 cases of thrombocytopenia of megaloblastic etiology were compared with 34 cases of marrow proven hypo productive thrombocytopenia (aplastic anemia, acute leukemia) and 19 cases of hyper destructive thrombocytopenia (immune thrombocytopenia).Results: Most common age group presenting megaloblastic anemia is 11-20 year, with male to female ratio is1.2:1, most common complaint were generalized weakness and fever. In megaloblastic anemia 24.33%, 60% and 15.67% of the cases shows increase, decrease and normal megakaryocytes respectively. Dysplastic megakaryocytes were observed in 24.3%, 27% and 20.5% of the cases of megaloblastic anemia, acute leukaemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura respectively.Conclusions: Both hypoproduction and ineffective thrombopoiesis are the underlying path mechanisms in megaloblastic thrombocytopenia as evidenced by the marrow findings. We hereby infer that megaloblastic thrombocytopenia is to be included as a separate category apart from hypo proliferative and hyper destructive groups. The presence of dysplastic megakaryocyte should not prompt an interpretation

PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF BODY FLUIDS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN SOUTH INDIA.

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Earla Lakshmi Bai ◽  
Buddaiahgari Swathi ◽  
Siva Chaithanya Bangi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Atypical Cells ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Male To Female

Body cavities uid analysis is done routinely in both clinical pathology and cytology departments of Pathological laboratory. Any imbalance between uid 1. formation and removal leads to effusion, as stated by Starling's law The peritoneal, pleural, cerebrospinal and pericardial uids comprise the major chunk of 2 body uids . Accumulation of uid in various body cavities can occur in vast range of benign conditions and it also a frequent clinical presentation and complication of malignant disorder. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Osmania general hospital Hyderabad, Telangana, India, during January 2020 to December 2020 and analyzed 880 uid samples collected from patients for cell count and cytology. The data collected was tabulated using Microsoft excel and analyzed using standard statistical tools. RESULTS -Of total 880 uids analyzed peritoneal uid (42%) constitutes the major type of uid sent frequently for analysis followed by cerebrospinal uid (41%) with male to female ratio of 1.9:1. 62.7% of uids had clear gross appearance . Of total 880 uid samples analyzed 649 samples (73.7%) had shown lymphocyte predominance. Of total 880 uids samples analyzed 9 samples (1%) were found positive for atypical cells, conrmed on cytology suggesting there malignant origin. CONCLUSION: uid aspiration from body cavities constitutes one of the common day care procedures for clinicians. Effusion uid analysis is key in delineating the background cause in the patient ranging from reactive, inammatory and malignant conditions. Fluid cell count coupled by cytological analysis of uids in pathology laboratory is a time tested tool having good sensitivity and specicity when interpreted along with biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Early Travel-Associated COVID-19 Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham M. Marei ◽  
Mohamed M. Emara ◽  
Omar M. Elsaied ◽  
Gheyath K. Nasrallah ◽  
Tawanda Chivese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Male To Female

Background: SARS-CoV-2 continues to claim hundreds of thousands of people's lives. It mostly affects the elderly and those with chronic illness but can also be fatal in younger age groups. This article is the first comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological and clinical outcomes of the travel-associated SARS-CoV-2 cases until April 19, 2020.Methods: Demographic and clinical data of travel-associated SARS-CoV-2 cases were collected for the period between January 16, 2020 and April 19, 2020. More than one hundred and eighty databases were searched, including the World Health Organization (WHO) database, countries' ministries websites, and official media sites. Demographic and clinical data were extracted and analyzed.Results: A total of 1,186 cases from 144 countries meeting the inclusion criteria were reported and included in the analysis. The mean age of the cases was 44 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Travel-associated cases originated from more than 40 countries, with China, Italy, and Iran reporting the highest numbers at 208, 225, and 155, respectively. Clinical symptoms varied between patients, with some reporting symptoms during the flights (117 cases; 9.87%). A total of 312 (26.31%) cases were hospitalized, of which 50 cases (4.22%) were fatal.Conclusion: Major gaps exist in the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of the COVID-19 travel-associated cases due to a lack of reporting and sharing data of many counties. The identification and implementation of methodologies for measuring traveler's risk to coronavirus would help in minimizing the spread of the virus, especially in the next waves.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN ACUTE APPENDICITIS: COMPARISON WITH PER-OPERATIVE FINDINGS AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL REPORT

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Sasmita Parida ◽  
Bibekananda Nayak ◽  
Jayashree Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Bowel Loop ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Operative Findings ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Histopathological Results ◽  
Male To Female

  Objective: This study was under taken to compare the ultrasonographic findings with pre-operative findings and histo-pathological report and to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Methods: It was a prospective study done in the department of radio-diagnosis, SCBMCH, Cuttack. Patients with provisional diagnosis of acute appendicitis were subjected to ultrasound of abdomen and pelvis. Patients with positive USG findings were followed up for pre-operative findings and histo-pathological results. All the obtained data were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.Results: Among the 100 cases studied, 77 cases were proved as acute appendicitis based on surgical and histopathological results. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The disease was found to be more prevalent in second and third decade of life. Location of affected appendix was most commonly retro caecal. Mean diameter of the appendix was 8.56 mm. Target sign and non-compressible bowel loop was the most commonly detected ultrasonographic sign and the ultrasonographic sensitivity was 96.1% and specificity was 95.65% in our study.Conclusion: High resolution sonography with graded compression is a very useful diagnostic tool for diagnosis of appendicitis in problematic cases and in women in their reproductive period. It is also helpful in detecting complications of appendicitis and other abdominal diseases that mimic acute appendicitis.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of children with airway malacia complicated by pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Qiuyan Xu ◽  
Ge Dai ◽  
Yu Hong ◽  
Zhengrong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Delayed Recovery ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract Objective To summarize the pathogens and clinical presentation of children with airway malacia complicated by pneumonia. Methods Children hospitalized with airway malacia complicated by pneumonia were eligible for enrollment from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2019. Medical records of patients were reviewed for etiology, clinical characteristics, and laboratory examination results. Results A total of 164 pneumonia patients with airway malacia were admitted. The male-to-female ratio was 3:1. The age of patients ranged from 1 month to 4 years old. The median age was 6 (3–10) months. The most commonly detected pathogen were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (25/164, 15.24%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (18/164, 10.98%), and respiratory syncytial virus (16/164, 9.76%). Common signs among the 164 patients with confirmed airway malacia included cough (98.78%), wheezing (67.07%), fever (35.37%), intercostal retractions (23.17%), dyspnea (10.98%), cyanosis (11.11%), and crackles (50%). Compared with those without airway malacia, the incidence of premature delivery and mechanical ventilation was higher, and the duration of symptoms before admission (median, 13.5 d) and hospital stay (median 10.0 d) were longer. Of the children with pneumonia, 11.59% of those with airway malacia required supplemental oxygen compared with 4.88% of those without airway malacia (p < 0.05). Conclusion The median age of children with airway malacia was 6 months. The most common pathogen in patients with airway malacia complicated by pneumonia was Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Patients with airway malacia complicated by pneumonia often presented with a longer disease course, more severe symptoms, and had delayed recovery.

scholarly journals Đặc điểm bệnh u nguyên bào gan và kết quả điều trị ở trẻ em tại bệnh viện Nhi Đồng 2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngọc Phú Đặng
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right ◽  
Male To Female

CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT OF HEPATOBLASTOMA IN CHILDREN AT PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL 2 Objective: To determine the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical characteristics and evaluate the result in treatment of hepatoblastoma (HB) at Department of Hematology-Oncology, Children’s Hospital 2 from January 2011 to end of May 2019. Method: Cases series study in combination of retrospective and prospective. Results: From January 2011 to end of May 2019, there were 67 patients diagnosed with HB. The mean age at diagnosis was 22.7 ± 22.9 months with the most prevalent age group ranging from 6 months to 3 years. The male to female ratio was 1.8/1. The most common clinical symptoms were abdominal distention and hepatomegaly, approximately 7.5% HB cases were detected accidentally by ultrasound. Nearly 60% and 80% patients presented with anemia and thrombocytosis at admission, respectively.Almost tumors were unifocal locating in the right lobe of the liver and 58.2% cases belonged to standard risk group. Assessing treatment protocol in 54 HB patients demonstrate that number of patients undergoing hepatectomy after preoperative chemotherapy accounted for 82%. The most frequent acuteside effects after chemotherapy were myelotoxicity and infection. The proportion of fatal and relapsed cases was 31.5% and 12.9% respectively. Overall and event-free survival rate of the study after 3 years was 65.7% and 68.1% individually. Conclusion: Hepatoblastoma is a rare malignant childhood disease, pretty good response to chemotherapy followed by surgery. However mortality rate is rather high compared to worldwide reasearchs. Thus development of liver transplant is necessary to improve survival rate. Keywords: Hepatoblastoma, chemothearapy, surgery, liver transplant.

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