Hydrogen Bonds in Blends of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), Poly(N-ethylacrylamide) Homopolymers, and Carboxymethyl Cellulose

Recently, it was reported that the physical crosslinking exhibited by some biopolymers could provide multiple benefits to biomedical applications. In particular, grafting thermoresponsive polymers onto biopolymers may enhance the degradability or offer other features, as thermothickening behavior. Thus, different interactions will affect the different hydrogen bonds and interactions from the physical crosslinking of carboxymethyl cellulose, the lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs), and the presence of the ions. This work focuses on the study of blends composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(N-ethylacrylamide), and carboxymethyl cellulose in water and water/methanol. The molecular features, thermoresponsive behavior, and gelation phenomena are deeply studied. The ratio defined by both homopolymers will alter the final properties and the gelation of the final structures, showing that the presence of the hydrophilic groups modifies the number and contributions of the diverse hydrogen bonds.

Download Full-text

Effect of Zeolite Addition on the Properties of Bioplastic Composites of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Urea

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.948.175 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 948 ◽

pp. 175-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Indriana Kartini ◽

Kukuh Handaru Iskandar ◽

Chotimah ◽

Eko Sri Kunarti ◽

Rochmadi

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Strong Interaction ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Slow Release ◽

Polymer Chains ◽

Solvent Casting ◽

Ammonium Ions ◽

Petri Dishes ◽

Urea Inclusion

Bioplastic composites based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and urea have been successfully synthesised at various amount of zeolites. Urea inclusion into the bioplastics was supposed to result in nitrogen slow-release composites. The bioplastic composites were prepared by solvent casting the precursor gel containing 0.5 % (w/w) urea in CMC in the petri dishes. The zeolites content was varied at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 % (w/w to CMC). It showed that the addition of zeolites to the bioplastic composites up to 0.5% increased their tensile strength. More addition of zeolites decreased the strain of the bioplastic composite. It could be due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between CMC and zeolites. The amount of urea absorbed in the bioplastics increased as the amount of zeolites increases. It is possibly to be due to the strong interaction between urea and zeolites. The ammonium ions may interact with interchangeable cations in the zeolite. This interaction will also extend the time for the bioplastics to biodegrade. The presence of zeolites in the CMC polymer chains is useful to give nitrogen slow-release composites.

Download Full-text

Roughness dynamic in surface growth: Layer-by-layer thin films of carboxymethyl cellulose/chitosan for biomedical applications

Biointerphases ◽

10.1116/1.4986057 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 04E401 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Marcelle B. M. Spera ◽

Thiago B. Taketa ◽

Marisa M. Beppu

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Surface Growth ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Growth Layer

Download Full-text

Chitosan-Based Biocompatible Copolymers for Thermoresponsive Drug Delivery Systems: On the Development of a Standardization System

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13111876 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1876

Author(s):

Lorenzo Marsili ◽

Michele Dal Bo ◽

Federico Berti ◽

Giuseppe Toffoli

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Special Focus ◽

Thermoresponsive Polymers ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Natural Polysaccharide ◽

Non Covalent Interactions ◽

Covalent Interactions ◽

Or Applications

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide that is considered to be biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic. The polymer has been used in drug delivery applications for its positive charge, which allows for adhesion with and recognition of biological tissues via non-covalent interactions. In recent times, chitosan has been used for the preparation of graft copolymers with thermoresponsive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcaprolactam (PNVCL) and poly-N-isopropylamide (PNIPAM), allowing the combination of the biodegradability of the natural polymer with the ability to respond to changes in temperature. Due to the growing interest in the utilization of thermoresponsive polymers in the biological context, it is necessary to increase the knowledge of the key principles of thermoresponsivity in order to obtain comparable results between different studies or applications. In the present review, we provide an overview of the basic principles of thermoresponsivity, as well as a description of the main polysaccharides and thermoresponsive materials, with a special focus on chitosan and poly-N-Vinyl caprolactam (PNVCL) and their biomedical applications.

Download Full-text

DLP 3D Printing Meets Lignocellulosic Biopolymers: Carboxymethyl Cellulose Inks for 3D Biocompatible Hydrogels

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12081655 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1655 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Giuseppe Melilli ◽

Irene Carmagnola ◽

Chiara Tonda-Turo ◽

Fabrizio Pirri ◽

Gianluca Ciardelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

3D Printing ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Digital Light Processing ◽

Chemically Modified ◽

Significant Step ◽

3D Printed ◽

Biomedical Field

The development of new bio-based inks is a stringent request for the expansion of additive manufacturing towards the development of 3D-printed biocompatible hydrogels. Herein, methacrylated carboxymethyl cellulose (M-CMC) is investigated as a bio-based photocurable ink for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. CMC is chemically modified using methacrylic anhydride. Successful methacrylation is confirmed by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. Aqueous formulations based on M-CMC/lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) photoinitiator and M-CMC/Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/LAP show high photoreactivity upon UV irradiation as confirmed by photorheology and FTIR. The same formulations can be easily 3D-printed through a DLP apparatus to produce 3D shaped hydrogels with excellent swelling ability and mechanical properties. Envisaging the application of the hydrogels in the biomedical field, cytotoxicity is also evaluated. The light-induced printing of cellulose-based hydrogels represents a significant step forward in the production of new DLP inks suitable for biomedical applications.

Download Full-text

A Robust, Tough and Multifunctional Polyurethane/Tannic Acid Hydrogel Fabricated by Physical-Chemical Dual Crosslinking

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12010239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 239 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jie Wen ◽

Xiaopeng Zhang ◽

Mingwang Pan ◽

Jinfeng Yuan ◽

Zhanyu Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Tannic Acid ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Self Healing ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Biomedical Field ◽

Physical Crosslinking

Commonly synthetic polyethylene glycol polyurethane (PEG–PU) hydrogels possess poor mechanical properties, such as robustness and toughness, which limits their load-bearing application. Hence, it remains a challenge to prepare PEG–PU hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties. Herein, a novel double-crosslinked (DC) PEG–PU hydrogel was fabricated by combining chemical with physical crosslinking, where trimethylolpropane (TMP) was used as the first chemical crosslinker and polyphenol compound tannic acid (TA) was introduced into the single crosslinked PU network by simple immersion process. The second physical crosslinking was formed by numerous hydrogen bonds between urethane groups of PU and phenol hydroxyl groups in TA, which can endow PEG–PU hydrogel with good mechanical properties, self-recovery and a self-healing capability. The research results indicated that as little as a 30 mg·mL−1 TA solution enhanced the tensile strength and fracture energy of PEG–PU hydrogel from 0.27 to 2.2 MPa, 2.0 to 9.6 KJ·m−2, respectively. Moreover, the DC PEG–PU hydrogel possessed good adhesiveness to diverse substrates because of TA abundant catechol groups. This work shows a simple and versatile method to prepare a multifunctional DC single network PEG–PU hydrogel with excellent mechanical properties, and is expected to facilitate developments in the biomedical field.

Download Full-text

Thermoresponsive Polymers with Functional Groups Selected for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications

ACS Symposium Series - Tailored Polymer Architectures for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications ◽

10.1021/bk-2013-1135.ch014 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 235-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Naohiko Shimada ◽

Atsushi Maruyama

Keyword(s):

Functional Groups ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Thermoresponsive Polymers

Download Full-text

Collagen-Based Materials Modified by Phenolic Acids—A Review

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13163641 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 3641

Author(s):

Beata Kaczmarek ◽

Olha Mazur

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Present Knowledge ◽

Polymeric Chain ◽

Mechanical Parameters ◽

Research Reporting ◽

Pure Collagen ◽

Different Types

Collagen-based biomaterials constitute one of the most widely studied types of materials for biomedical applications. Low thermal and mechanical parameters are the main disadvantages of such structures. Moreover, they present low stability in the case of degradation by collagenase. To improve the properties of collagen-based materials, different types of cross-linkers have been researched. In recent years, phenolic acids have been studied as collagen modifiers. Mainly, tannic acid has been tested for collagen modification as it interacts with a polymeric chain by strong hydrogen bonds. When compared to pure collagen, such complexes show both antimicrobial activity and improved physicochemical properties. Less research reporting on other phenolic acids has been published. This review is a summary of the present knowledge about phenolic acids (e.g., tannic, ferulic, gallic, and caffeic acid) application as collagen cross-linkers. The studies concerning collagen-based materials with phenolic acids are summarized and discussed.

Download Full-text

Poly(vinyl alcohol): Physical Approaches to Designing Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Conference Papers in Science ◽

10.1155/2014/403472 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Shathani Nkhwa ◽

Kristo Fernando Lauriaga ◽

Evren Kemal ◽

Sanjukta Deb

Keyword(s):

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Biocompatible Polymers ◽

Chemical Crosslinking ◽

Biocompatible Polymer ◽

Physical Methods ◽

Physically Crosslinked ◽

Physical Crosslinking

Poly(vinyl alcohol) is a non-toxic, biosynthetic polymer and biocompatible polymer that has the ability to form hydrogels either via chemical or physical crosslinking. Whilst chemical crosslinking provides greater control on the properties of the resultant hydrogel, physically crosslinked hydrogels or blends with other biocompatible polymers are more suited for biomedical applications. In this paper we report a systematic study on the effect of varying concentrations of PVA, physical methods of crosslinking, and PVA-gelatin and PVA-PVP blends on the physical and mechanical properties of the hydrogels.

Download Full-text