Effect of Zeolite Addition on the Properties of Bioplastic Composites of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Urea

Bioplastic composites based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and urea have been successfully synthesised at various amount of zeolites. Urea inclusion into the bioplastics was supposed to result in nitrogen slow-release composites. The bioplastic composites were prepared by solvent casting the precursor gel containing 0.5 % (w/w) urea in CMC in the petri dishes. The zeolites content was varied at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 % (w/w to CMC). It showed that the addition of zeolites to the bioplastic composites up to 0.5% increased their tensile strength. More addition of zeolites decreased the strain of the bioplastic composite. It could be due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between CMC and zeolites. The amount of urea absorbed in the bioplastics increased as the amount of zeolites increases. It is possibly to be due to the strong interaction between urea and zeolites. The ammonium ions may interact with interchangeable cations in the zeolite. This interaction will also extend the time for the bioplastics to biodegrade. The presence of zeolites in the CMC polymer chains is useful to give nitrogen slow-release composites.

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Effect of Polyethylene Glycol in Nanocellulose/PLA Composites

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.821.89 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 821 ◽

pp. 89-95

Author(s):

Wanasorn Somphol ◽

Thipjak Na Lampang ◽

Paweena Prapainainar ◽

Pongdhorn Sae-Oui ◽

Surapich Loykulnant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Aspect Ratio ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Solvent Casting ◽

Casting Method ◽

Mediated Oxidation

Poly (lactic acid) or PLA was reinforced by nanocellulose and polyethylene glycol (PEG), which were introduced into PLA matrix from 0 to 3 wt.% to enhance compatibility and strength of the PLA. The nanocellulose was prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder and characterized by TEM, AFM, and XRD to reveal rod-like shaped nanocellulose with nanosized dimensions, high aspect ratio and high crystallinity. Films of nanocellulose/PEG/PLA nanocomposites were prepared by solvent casting method to evaluate the mechanical performance. It was found that the addition of PEG in nanocellulose-containing PLA films resulted in an increase in tensile modulus with only 1 wt% of PEG, where higher PEG concentrations negatively impacted the tensile strength. Furthermore, the tensile strength and modulus of nanocellulose/PEG/PLA nanocomposites were higher than the PLA/PEG composites due to the existence of nanocellulose chains. Visual traces of crazing were detailed to describe the deformation mechanism.

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Graft Polymers Derived from Natural Rubber

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3542530 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 99-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. F. Bloomfield ◽

F. M. Merrett ◽

F. J. Popham ◽

P. Mc L. Swift

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Transfer Reaction ◽

Polymer Chains ◽

Vinyl Monomers ◽

Grafted Polymer ◽

Polymeric Chains ◽

Graft Polymers ◽

Direct Growth

Abstract Graft polymers result when vinyl monomers are polymerized in the presence of natural rubber, either in solution or as latex, and some of the polymeric chains become attached to the rubber molecules. The properties of the natural rubber can be widely modified according to the nature and the amount of the grafted polymer. The polymer-modified natural rubber appears to be produced by direct growth of polymer chains on to rubber molecules rather than by a transfer reaction involving the rubber. Graft polymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate with natural rubber can be compounded and cured to give light-colored articles of good tensile strength, and rubber-methyl methacrylate graft polymers have outstanding flex-cracking and fatigue resistance.

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α-Cellulose-Based Films: Effect of Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) Incorporation on Physicochemical and Antibacterial Performance

10.21203/rs.3.rs-269221/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xinyu Lu ◽

Han Que ◽

Haoquan Guo ◽

Chenrong Ding ◽

Xu Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Composite Film ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Mixed System ◽

Cellulose Film ◽

Sodium Lignosulfonate ◽

Pure Cellulose ◽

Antibacterial Performance

Abstract A homogeneous α-cellulose film was prepared by regeneration method from ZnCl2/CaCl2/cellulose mixed system and was further combined with sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) by crosslinking through interaction hydrogen bonds and “bridge linkages”. The physicochemical and antibacterial performance of films were all investigated and results showed that modified films exhibited stronger tensile strength, higher thermal stability, lower hydrophilic effect, better UV shielding as compared with those of pure cellulose film, and especially, better antibacterial ability derived from the presence of phenolic and sulfonate groups in SLS. This study proposed a simple and sustainable method for fabricating a multifunctional and environmentally friendly composite film by using two main lignocellulose resources as raw materials.

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Isotypic one-dimensional coordination polymers:catena-poly[[dichloridocadmium]-μ-5,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylato-κ2N5:N6] andcatena-poly[[dichloridomercury(II)]-μ-5,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylato-κ2N5:N6]

Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications ◽

10.1107/s2056989016012093 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 72 (8) ◽

pp. 1214-1218 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Montserrat Alfonso ◽

Helen Stoeckli-Evans

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Coordination Polymers ◽

Rotation Axis ◽

Dimethyl Ester ◽

Polymer Chains ◽

Coordination Geometry ◽

One Dimensional ◽

The Difference ◽

Title One

The isotypic title one-dimensional coordination polymers, [CdCl2(C18H14N4O4)]n, (I), and [HgCl2(C18H14N4O4)]n, (II), are, respectively, the cadmium(II) and mercury(II) complexes of the dimethyl ester of 5,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid. In both compounds, the metal ions are located on a twofold rotation axis and a second such axis bisects the Car—Carbonds of the pyrazine ring. The metal ions are bridged by binding to the N atoms of the two pyridine rings and have anMN2Cl2bisphenoidal coordination geometry. The metal–Npyrazinedistances are much longer than the metal–Npyridinedistances; the difference is 0.389 (2) Å for the Cd—N bonds but only 0.286 (5) Å for the Hg—N bond lengths. In the crystals of both compounds, the polymer chains are linkedviapairs of C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming corrugated slabs parallel to theacplane.

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Mechanical Strength Properties of Injectable Carbonate Apatite Cement with Various Concentration of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.758.56 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 758 ◽

pp. 56-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Arief Cahyanto ◽

Atina Ghina Imaniyyah ◽

Myrna Nurlatifah Zakaria ◽

Zulia Hasratiningsih

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Control Group ◽

Carbonate Apatite ◽

Initial Finding ◽

Polymeric Additives ◽

Diametral Tensile Strength

Mechanical strength is one of the key factors for clinical application of injectable carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) cement. Incorporation of polymeric additives into the mixing liquid of injectable bone cement has been known to improve cement injectability. The aim of this study is to determine whether incorporation of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na CMC) into the mixing liquid would affect the diametral tensile strength (DTS) of injectable CO3Ap cement. In the present study, Na CMC, a polymeric additive and a cellulose derivative, was used to promote the injectability of CO3Ap cement. Three groups of CO3Ap cement samples consist of CaCO3 and CaHPO4 powder in each group were mixed with 0.5 %, 1%, and 2% Na CMC solution incorporated to 0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4 solution. As a control, powder mixed with 0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4 solution was used. Samples were kept in an incubator (37°C, 100% relative humidity, 24 hours). The mechanical strength properties were evaluated by diametral tensile strength (DTS). The average DTS of samples containing 0.5%, 1%, and 2% Na CMC were 3.19 MPa, 3.57 MPa, and 3.06 MPa, respectively. While the average DTS of the control group was 3.29 MPa. The groups containing Na CMC in all concentrations showed no statistical difference (p>0.05) on DTS compared to the control group. The injectability improved as the concentration of Na CMC increased. In conclusion, revealed that Na CMC does not affect the mechanical strength of CO3Ap cement. Therefore, it may be considered as an effective material to promote cement injectability. Further study of additives that can be used to promote the injectability of CO3Ap cement and enhance the mechanical strength awaits based on this initial finding.

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Different Molecular Interaction between Collagen and α- or β-Chitin in Mechanically Improved Electrospun Composite

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md17060318 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 318 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hyunwoo Moon ◽

Seunghwan Choy ◽

Yeonju Park ◽

Young Mee Jung ◽

Jun Mo Koo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Molecular Interactions ◽

Molecular Interaction ◽

Molecular Hydrogen ◽

Correlation Spectroscopy ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Secondary Interaction

Although collagens from vertebrates are mainly used in regenerative medicine, the most elusive issue in the collagen-based biomedical scaffolds is its insufficient mechanical strength. To solve this problem, electrospun collagen composites with chitins were prepared and molecular interactions which are the cause of the mechanical improvement in the composites were investigated by two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS). The electrospun collagen is composed of two kinds of polymorphs, α- and β-chitin, showing different mechanical enhancement and molecular interactions due to different inherent configurations in the crystal structure, resulting in solvent and polymer susceptibility. The collagen/α-chitin has two distinctive phases in the composite, but β-chitin composite has a relatively homogeneous phase. The β-chitin composite showed better tensile strength with ~41% and ~14% higher strength compared to collagen and α-chitin composites, respectively, due to a favorable secondary interaction, i.e., inter- rather than intra-molecular hydrogen bonds. The revealed molecular interaction indicates that β-chitin prefers to form inter-molecular hydrogen bonds with collagen by rearranging their uncrumpled crystalline regions, unlike α-chitin.

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A Robust, Tough and Multifunctional Polyurethane/Tannic Acid Hydrogel Fabricated by Physical-Chemical Dual Crosslinking

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12010239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 239 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jie Wen ◽

Xiaopeng Zhang ◽

Mingwang Pan ◽

Jinfeng Yuan ◽

Zhanyu Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Tannic Acid ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Self Healing ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Biomedical Field ◽

Physical Crosslinking

Commonly synthetic polyethylene glycol polyurethane (PEG–PU) hydrogels possess poor mechanical properties, such as robustness and toughness, which limits their load-bearing application. Hence, it remains a challenge to prepare PEG–PU hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties. Herein, a novel double-crosslinked (DC) PEG–PU hydrogel was fabricated by combining chemical with physical crosslinking, where trimethylolpropane (TMP) was used as the first chemical crosslinker and polyphenol compound tannic acid (TA) was introduced into the single crosslinked PU network by simple immersion process. The second physical crosslinking was formed by numerous hydrogen bonds between urethane groups of PU and phenol hydroxyl groups in TA, which can endow PEG–PU hydrogel with good mechanical properties, self-recovery and a self-healing capability. The research results indicated that as little as a 30 mg·mL−1 TA solution enhanced the tensile strength and fracture energy of PEG–PU hydrogel from 0.27 to 2.2 MPa, 2.0 to 9.6 KJ·m−2, respectively. Moreover, the DC PEG–PU hydrogel possessed good adhesiveness to diverse substrates because of TA abundant catechol groups. This work shows a simple and versatile method to prepare a multifunctional DC single network PEG–PU hydrogel with excellent mechanical properties, and is expected to facilitate developments in the biomedical field.

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Study on the unsaturated hydrogen bond behavior of bio-based polyamide 56

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly-2019-0004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 23-31

Author(s):

Shouyun Zhang ◽

Jinghong Ma

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Bond ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Metal Oxides ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Polymer Chains ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Bond Behavior ◽

Unit Structure

AbstractIn this paper, the unsaturated hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) of the bio-based polyamide 56 (PA56) with an odd-even unit structure were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. It was proved that the bio-based PA56 had less saturated H-bonds, which became attenuated and blue-shifted at the temperature exceeding 260°C. Besides, as H-bond was decayed and broken, new unsaturated H-bonds readily formed. Moreover, the experimental results obtained strongly indicate that the unsaturated H-bonds of bio-based polyamide 56 could react with polar metal oxides. Besides, the intercalation of montmorillonite was found to have a significant influence on the hydrogen bond between polymer chains.

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catena-Poly[[[4-amino-3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-κ2N1,N5](dicyanamido-κN)copper(II)]-μ2-dicyanamido-κ2N:N′]: coordination polymer chains linked into a bilayer by hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions

Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry ◽

10.1107/s205322961400504x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 359-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zouaoui Setifi ◽

Fatima Setifi ◽

Mohamed Saadi ◽

Djamil-Azzeddine Rouag ◽

Christopher Glidewell

Keyword(s):

Coordination Polymer ◽

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Polymer Chains ◽

Stacking Interactions ◽

Terminal Ligand ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Bridging Ligand ◽

Pyramidal Geometry ◽

Π Stacking ◽

Square Pyramidal Geometry

In the title compound, [Cu(C2N3)2(C12H10N6)]nor [Cu(dca)2(abpt)]n, where abpt is 4-amino-3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole and dca is the dicyanamide anion, the CuIIcentre is five-coordinate with an approximately square-pyramidal geometry. One of the two dicyanamide ligands is a terminal ligand, but the other one acts as a μ1,5-bridging ligand between pairs of CuIIcentres, so generating a one-dimensional coordination polymer. A combination of N—H...N and C—H...N hydrogen bonds, augmented by π–π stacking interactions, links the coordination polymer chains into a bilayer structure. Comparisons are made with some related CuIIcomplexes containing dca ligands and heteroaromatic co-ligands.

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Preparation and Application of Electrospinning Membranes of Thermoplastic Carboxymethyl Cellulose/PLA for Removal of Cu2+ from Aqueous Solutions

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.724.61 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 724 ◽

pp. 61-64

Author(s):

Ying Li ◽

Xiao Yan Lin ◽

Zhe Chen ◽

Xue Guang Luo ◽

Wei Li Zuo

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Composite Membrane ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Contact Time ◽

Electrospinning Process ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

The Cross

A composite membrane of thermoplastic carboxymethyl cellulose (TCMC) /PLA was prepared by electrospinning process, and crossliked by epichlorohydrin solution at different temperature. The cross-linking temperature was optimized by characterizing the morphology and tensile strength of the film. The optimal cross-linking temperature was 50°C. A composite membrane was used to remove Cu2+ from aqueous solutions, and the effects of initial concentration of Cu2+ and contact time on the removal efficiency of Cu2+ were investigated. The removal efficiency of Cu2+ was 13.78%, at the initial concentration of 40 mg·L-1 and contact time of 30s.

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