scholarly journals On Coating Techniques for Surface Protection: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Fotovvati ◽  
Navid Namdari ◽  
Amir Dehghanghadikolaei
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Common Purpose ◽  
Coating Methods ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation

A wide variety of coating methods and materials are available for different coating applications with a common purpose of protecting a part or structure exposed to mechanical or chemical damage. A benefit of this protective function is to decrease manufacturing cost since fabrication of new parts is not needed. Available coating materials include hard and stiff metallic alloys, ceramics, bio-glasses, polymers, and engineered plastic materials, giving designers a variety freedom of choices for durable protection. To date, numerous processes such as physical/chemical vapor deposition, micro-arc oxidation, sol–gel, thermal spraying, and electrodeposition processes have been introduced and investigated. Although each of these processes provides advantages, there are always drawbacks limiting their application. However, there are many solutions to overcome deficiencies of coating techniques by using the benefits of each process in a multi-method coating. In this article, these coating methods are categorized, and compared. By developing more advanced coating techniques and materials it is possible to enhance the qualities of protection in the future.

scholarly journals Thermal Spray Techniques for Developing a Carbide Coating

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 692-700
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Spray ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Thermal Spray Coating ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Flame Spray ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Spray Process ◽  
Coating Methods

In the industries, different components of different materials are being used in a different service environment, in the view of this requirement day by day specific surface properties are demanding by industries to enhance the product life cycle. A range of surface protection techniques are accessible for various apps with a common goal of protecting a part or object that is subjected to a chemical environment. This process leads to decreases manufacturing cost as no need to fabricate a new part. Commercially Coating materials include strong and rigid metal alloys, ceramics and polymers, composites material are available for durable protection. There are different methods of thermal spray such as flame spray, D-gun spray, high-velocity oxy-fuel Spray, Plasma Spray, and cold spray process have been introduced and investigated. Even though each method has distinct values and procedures that limit their applications. However, there are many things to understand that are used to overcome the lack of thermal spray coating methods by combining process parameters. In this article, we have discussed the various coating materials have been used commercially, and further categorized and compared various thermal spray processes.

Application of Thermal Spraying Techniques Used for the Surface Protection of Boiler Tubes in Power Plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-134
Author(s):  
Gaurav Prashar ◽  
Hitesh Vasudev
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Cold Spraying ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Boiler Tubes

Distinct methods of depositing the coatings are available according to the intended area of application with a sole objective to protect the surface of structural component like boiler, boiler tubes, and heat exchangers from any mechanical or chemical damage. The main benefit is to minimize the manufacturing cost of a new component and also its fabrication. Thermal spraying is the commonly used technique to tailor the surface properties with a cost-effective approach. The different techniques of thermal spraying such as plasma, HVOF, cold spraying, etc. were investigated and introduced. Although each of these processes has advantages, there are also certain disadvantages associated with them, which limit their application. In the chapter, different methods of depositing coating by thermal spray are discussed and compared. By developing advanced techniques and new coating materials, the life and efficiency of power plants can be enhanced in the future.

scholarly journals Phosphate Porous Coatings Enriched with Selected Elements via PEO Treatment on Titanium and Its Alloys: A Review

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rokosz ◽  
Tadeusz Hryniewicz ◽  
Łukasz Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Porous Coatings ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic

This paper shows that the subject of porous coatings fabrication by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), known also as Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO), is still current, inter alia because metals and alloys, which can be treated by the PEO method, for example, titanium, niobium, tantalum and their alloys, are increasingly available for sale. On the international market, apart from scientific works/activity developed at universities, scientific research on the PEO coatings is also underway in companies such as Keronite (Great Britain), Magoxid-Coat (Germany), Mofratech (France), Machaon (Russia), as well as CeraFuse, Tagnite, Microplasmic (USA). In addition, it should be noted that the development of the space industry and implantology will force the production of trouble-free micro- and macro-machines with very high durability. Another aspect in favor of this technique is the rate of part treatment, which does not exceed several dozen minutes, and usually only lasts a few minutes. Another advantage is functionalization of fabricated surface through thermal or hydrothermal modification of fabricated coatings, or other methods (Physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sol-gel), including also reoxidation by PEO treatment in another electrolyte. In the following chapters, coatings obtained both in aqueous solutions and electrolytes based on orthophosphoric acid will be presented; therein, dependent on the PEO treatment and the electrolyte used, they are characterized by different properties associated with their subsequent use. The possibilities for using coatings produced by means of plasma electrolytic oxidation are very wide, beginning from various types of catalysts, gas sensors, to biocompatible and antibacterial coatings, as well as hard wear coatings used in machine parts, among others, used in the aviation and aerospace industries.

Coating Materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Mintu Maan Dutta ◽  
Mridusmita Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Vapor Phase Deposition ◽  
Anticorrosion Coatings ◽  
Beam Surface

The ever-growing interest in nanocoating and its enthralling protective properties makes it a very capable candidate for next generation protecting systems. The future of these special nanocoating markets will be expanding in different industries such as marine, building, and defense. The main purpose of coatings involves the use of thin films (nanoscale dimensions) that are applied to the surface of materials, which improve the material functionalities. Some of the improved functionalities include anti-corrosion, easy-to-clean (anti-graffiti), anti-icing, anti-fogging, anti-fouling, etc. Some of the common techniques used for nanocoating are chemical vapor phase deposition, physical vapor phase deposition, Sol-gel methods, electro-spark deposition, electrochemical deposition, and laser beam surface treatment. Commercial application of nanocoating nanotechnology includes self-cleaning coatings, depolluting coatings, ultraviolet (UV) light protective coatings, anticorrosion coatings, thermal resistance, anti-fouling coatings, and anti-graffiti coatings.

scholarly journals Toprak İşleme Makinalarının Aktif Elemanlarında Yüzey Kaplama Uygulamaları

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Yaşar Serhat Saygılı ◽  
Bülent Çakmak
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Coating Methods ◽  
Phase Coating ◽  
Phase Liquid

Tillage machines such as plow, cultivator, rotavator, and rototiller are widely used for this purpose. However, one of the major problems in working with tillage machines is the wear of active parts over time. Abrasion occurs differently in active parts of tillage machines and can cause the machines used to lose the functionality expected of them. It is preferred to cover the active parts with wear-resistant coating materials to reduce the level of wear to meet both agro technical demands and high tillage efficiency. The way of wear the active parts of the machines; it is abrasive wear caused by friction against solid materials in the soil (clods, stones, harder materials, etc.) and/or adhesive wear caused by soil moisture. Reducing the wear on the active parts with the coating process to be made will both prevent material loss caused by abrasion in the active part and increase the efficiency/effectiveness of the machine. Because of the limited number of studies on this subject in the agricultural sector shows that the subject is open to improvement. In this study, the use of new coating methods used in other production sectors (especially in mold manufacturing) for the last decade in coating the active parts of soil tillage machines and their effects on product performance and life by increasing wear resistance are compiled. Coating methods that can be adapted to the agricultural sector can be listed as; Gas Phase, Liquid Phase and Melted/Semi-Melted Phase. Among these, studies on Plasma Thermal Spraying (Molten / Semi-Molten Phase Coating Methods) and thin film coating (Vapor Phase Coating Methods) are prominent. On the other hand, it is predicted that the desired wear resistance can be further improved by applying different coating methods and combinations.

scholarly journals Hard Coating Materials Based on Photo-Reactive Silsesquioxane for Flexible Application: Improvement of Flexible and Hardness Properties by High Molecular Weight

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1564
Author(s):  
Jong Tae Leem ◽  
Woong Cheol Seok ◽  
Ji Beom Yoo ◽  
Sangkug Lee ◽  
Ho Jun Song
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Pencil Hardness ◽  
Coated Film ◽  
Flexible Application

EPOSS of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) mixture structure and LPSQ of ladder-like polysilsesquioxane (LPSQ) structure were synthesized via sol–gel reaction. EPSQ had a high molecular weight due to polycondensation by potassium carbonate. The EPSQ film showed uniform surface morphology due to regular double-stranded structure. In contrast, the EPOSS-coated film showed nonuniform surface morphology due to strong aggregation. Due to the aggregation, the EPOSS film had shorter d-spacing (d1) than the EPSQ film in XRD analysis. In pencil hardness and nanoindentation analysis, EPSQ film showed higher hardness than the EPOSS film due to regular double-stranded structure. In addition, in the in-folding (r = 0.5 mm) and out-folding (r = 5 mm) tests, the EPSQ film did not crack unlike the EPOSS coated film.

Preparation and Characterization of Zn-Containing Hydroxyapatite/TiO2 Composite Coatings on Ti Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Qi ◽  
Da Yi Yang ◽  
Jing Ying Zhang ◽  
Hong Jun Ai
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Bacteria Resistance

In order to improve the osteoblast growth and bacteria resistance, Zn-containing hydroxyapatite (Zn-HA) and titanium oxide (TiO2) composite coatings were prepared to improve binding between coating and Ti substrate. TiO2 film was prepared on the surface of Ti by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and Zn-HA coating was deposited on TiO2 using sol–gel technique. Phase structure, composition and microstructure of the surface coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), respectively. The adhesion strength between the coatings with different Zn content was measured by tensile testing. The results showed that there was no significant influence of Zn content on adhesion strength between coating and Ti substrate.

scholarly journals Oxazoline-based crosslinking reaction for coatings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Knospe ◽  
Patrick Böhm ◽  
Jochen Gutmann ◽  
Michael Dornbusch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Rheological Measurements ◽  
Excellent Adhesion

AbstractNowadays, coating materials must meet high demands in terms of mechanical, chemical and optical properties in all areas of application. Amongst others, amines and isocyanates are used as crosslinking components for curing reactions, meeting the highly demanding properties of the coatings industry. In this work, a new crosslinking reaction for coatings based on oxazoline chemistry is investigated with the objective to overcome disadvantages of established systems and fulfill the need for sustainable coating compounds. The oxazoline-group containing resin, synthesized from commercially available substances, undergoes cationic self-crosslinking polymerization to build up a network based on urethane and amide moieties. NMR-, IR- and ES-mass spectroscopy are suitable techniques to characterize the synthesized oxazoline monomers, which are linked to polyisocyanates and polymerized afterwards via self-polymerization. The progress of crosslinking is followed by changes in IR spectra and by rheological measurements to calculate time dependent values for storage and loss modulus. The glass transition temperature of the resulting coating is determined, too. Furthermore, sol–gel-analysis is performed to determine the degree of crosslinking. After application on steel and aluminium panels, application tests are performed. In addition to excellent adhesion to the substrate, the polymer network shows promising mechanical properties and with that it could represent a new technology for the coatings industry.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of a Sol–Gel AHEC Pore-Sealing Film Prepared on Micro Arc Oxidized AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Longlong Zhang ◽  
Yuanzhi Wu ◽  
Tian Zeng ◽  
Yu Wei ◽  
Guorui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Az31 Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Gel Spinning ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Pore Sealing ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation

The purpose of this study was to improve the cellular compatibility and corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy and to prepare a biodegradable medical material. An aminated hydroxyethyl cellulose (AHEC) coating was successfully prepared on the surface of a micro-arc oxide +AZ31 magnesium alloy by sol–gel spinning. The pores of the micro-arc oxide coating were sealed. A polarization potential test analysis showed that compared to the single micro-arc oxidation coating, the coating after sealing with AHEC significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the AZ31 magnesium alloy and reduced its degradation rate in simulated body fluid (SBF). The CCK-8 method and cell morphology experiments showed that the AHEC + MAO coating prepared on the AZ31 magnesium alloy had good cytocompatibility and bioactivity.

The Effect of Lithium Molybdate in Tungsten Trioxide Electrochromic Film

2017 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Thitinun Inmae ◽  
Lek Sikong ◽  
Kalayanee Kooptarnond
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Trioxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Oxide Glass ◽  
Cyclic Voltammogram ◽  
Colored State ◽  
Coating Methods ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Lithium Molybdate

Lithium molybdate doped tungsten trioxide electrochromic films were prepared from tungsten trioxide precursor and lithium molybdate powder by sol-gel and dip coating methods on fluorine doped tin oxide glass. The films, which synthesized were flat and amorphous structure, which confirmed by x-ray diffraction patterns. From UV-vis transmittance spectra within the wavelength from 400 to 800 nm. and cyclic voltammogram at the applying a potential of 1.0 V (bleached state) to -1.0 V (colored state) in sulfuric acid 0.5 M solution. The doping lithium molybdate 10 mol% films showed good result in terms of transmittance modulation, high diffusion coefficient and optimal surface area. Therefore, doping lithium molybdate 10 mol% has better outcome when compared to undoped lithium molybdate.

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