scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Evacuation Routes in Central Tokyo Assuming a Large-Scale Evacuation in Case of Earthquake Disasters

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayoko Yamamoto ◽  
Ximing Li
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Evacuation Routes

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Post-Earthquake Safety Assessment System for High-Rise Buildings Using Acceleration Measurements

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 1758
Author(s):  
Koji Tsuchimoto ◽  
Yasutaka Narazaki ◽  
Billie F. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Steel Building ◽  
Earthquake Safety

After a major seismic event, structural safety inspections by qualified experts are required prior to reoccupying a building and resuming operation. Such manual inspections are generally performed by teams of two or more experts and are time consuming, labor intensive, subjective in nature, and potentially put the lives of the inspectors in danger. The authors reported previously on the system for a rapid post-earthquake safety assessment of buildings using sparse acceleration data. The proposed framework was demonstrated using simulation of a five-story steel building modeled with three-dimensional nonlinear analysis subjected to historical earthquakes. The results confirmed the potential of the proposed approach for rapid safety evaluation of buildings after seismic events. However, experimental validation on large-scale structures is required prior to field implementation. Moreover, an extension to the assessment of high-rise buildings, such as those commonly used for residences and offices in modern cities, is needed. To this end, a 1/3-scale 18-story experimental steel building tested on the shaking table at E-Defense in Japan is considered. The importance of online model updating of the linear building model used to calculate the Damage Sensitive Features (DSFs) during the operation is also discussed. Experimental results confirm the efficacy of the proposed approach for rapid post-earthquake safety evaluation for high-rise buildings. Finally, a cost-benefit analysis with respect to the number of sensors used is presented.

scholarly journals Real-Time Safety Evaluation for Slope during Construction Using Numerical Forecast and Sensor Monitoring Platform

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherong Zhang ◽  
Dejun Hou ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Xuexing Cao ◽  
Fenghua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Data Feedback ◽  
Numerical Forecast ◽  
Slope Safety

Geology uncertainties and real-time construction modification induce an increase of construction risk for large-scale slope in hydraulic engineering. However, the real-time evaluation of slope safety during construction is still an unsettled issue for mapping large-scale slope hazards. In this study, the real-time safety evaluation method is proposed coupling a construction progress with numerical analysis of slope safety. New revealed geological information, excavation progress adjustment, and the support structures modification are updating into the slope safety information model-by-model restructuring. A dynamic connection mapping method between the slope restructuring model and the computable numerical model is illustrated. The numerical model can be generated rapidly and automatically in database. A real-time slope safety evaluation system is developed and its establishing method, prominent features, and application results are briefly introduced in this paper. In our system, the interpretation of potential slope risk is conducted coupling dynamic numerical forecast and monitoring data feedback. The real case study results in a comprehensive real-time safety evaluation application for large slope that illustrates the change of environmental factor and construction state over time.

Experimental Investigations of the Burning Behaviour of Transport Package Impact Limiters and of Fire Spread Impact Onto the Cask

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Erenberg ◽  
Claus Bletzer ◽  
Martin Feldkamp ◽  
André Musolff ◽  
Marko Nehrig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Test ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Thermal Testing ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
The Impact

Accident safe packages for the transport of spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste shall fulfil international IAEA safety requirements. Compliance is shown by consecutive mechanical and thermal testing. Additional numerical analysis are usually part of the safety evaluation. For damage protection some package designs are equipped with wood filled impact limiters encapsulated by steel sheets. The safety of these packages is established in compliance with IAEA regulations. Cumulative mechanical and fire tests are conducted to achieve safety standards and to prevent loss of containment. Mechanical reliability is proven by drop tests. Drop testing might cause significant damage of the impact limiter steel sheets and might enable sufficient oxygen supply to the impact limiter during the fire test to ignite the wood filling. The boundary conditions of the fire test are precisely described in the IAEA regulatory. During the test the impact limiter will be subjected to a 30 minute enduring fire phase. Subsequent to the fire phase any burning of the specimen has to extinguish naturally and no artificial cooling is allowed. At BAM a large-scale fire test with a real size impact limiter and a wood volume of about 3m3 was conducted to investigate the burning behaviour of wood filled impact limiters in steel sheet encapsulation. The impact limiter was equipped with extensive temperature monitoring equipment. Until today burning of such impact limiters is not sufficiently considered in transport package design and more investigation is necessary to explore the consequences of the impacting fire. The objective of the large scale test was to find out whether a self-sustaining smouldering or even a flaming fire inside the impact limiter was initiated and what impact on the cask is resulting. The amount of energy, transferred from the impact limiter into the cask is of particular importance for the safety of heavy weight packages. With the intention of heat flux quantification a new approach was made and a test bench was designed.

Dispatching Technology Application in India Large Scale Blackout

2014 ◽  
Vol 716-717 ◽  
pp. 1409-1412
Author(s):  
Jia Yin Sui ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Wei Yue Zhou ◽  
Peng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Network Defense ◽  
Large Scope ◽  
Grid Construction

Scheduling technology plays an important role in avoiding the occurrence of large scope blackout. India "7.30", "7.31" blackout indicates dispatching mechanism is not reasonable. It is more important that it violates scheduling and supervision direction. The network defense mechanism is not perfect. It is lack of dynamic analysis and safety evaluation capacity. Dispatching technology can be a basis for China's high-voltage power grid construction, dispatching management and establishing a perfect accident recovery plan.

scholarly journals A Belief Rule-Based Safety Evaluation Approach for Complex Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Jiang Jiang ◽  
Yingwu Chen ◽  
Kewei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Reasoning Algorithm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Estimation Of Uncertainty

Plenty of hazards underlie complex systems, which have negative effects on the normal functionality of engineering events. To minimize the uncertainty, a comprehensive preevent checkout is necessarily required to judge if the engineering events will be carried out successfully under current circumstance, through which further improvements can be made. A generic belief rule-based safety evaluation approach for large-scale complex systems is proposed. The overall system is firstly decomposed and filtered into the measurable attributes that may potentially contribute to uncertainty. Belief structure is then applied to measure the uncertainty of vagueness and incompleteness and represent heterologous information in a unified scheme. With this scheme, a rule base is established with all antecedents, consequents, and attributes presented in belief degrees, which is used to determine the relationship between attributes, aggregate the influences, and generate the final inference with evidential reasoning algorithm. In the end, an estimation of uncertainty is achieved in the representation of distribution. It describes how the systems perform with given conditions and sources. A numeric case in aerospace program is provided for feasibility illustration.

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Research of Construction Safety of Large Cross

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 437-440
Author(s):  
Wen Dong Ma ◽  
Xiao Guang Wu ◽  
Heng Da Chen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Fuzzy Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Using the fuzzy evaluation theory,through the establishment of the safety of large cross construction of fuzzy evaluation model, using AHP to evaluate the safety of large cross construction, the comprehensive safety evaluation,and points out its advantages and disadvantages. The fuzzy control is conducive to the management level of large-scale cross constructionsafety improve, to the great guidance for other types ofcity rail traffic.

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Highway Traffic Patterns in Hurricane Irma Evacuation

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110018
Author(s):  
Mahyar Ghorbanzadeh ◽  
Simone Burns ◽  
Linoj Vijayan Nair Rugminiamma ◽  
Eren Erman Ozguven ◽  
Wenrui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Traffic Impacts ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Congestion Index ◽  
Hurricane Irma

The State of Florida is significantly vulnerable to catastrophic hurricanes that cause widespread infrastructural damage and claim lives annually. In 2017, Hurricane Irma, a Category 4 hurricane, took on the entirety of Florida, causing the state’s largest evacuation ever as 7 million residents fled the hurricane. Floridians fleeing the hurricane faced the unique challenge of where to go, since Irma made an unusual landfall from the south, enveloping the entire state, forcing evacuees to drive farther north, and creating traffic jams along Florida’s evacuation routes that were worse than during any other hurricane in Florida's history. This study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal traffic impacts of Irma on Florida’s major highways based on real-time traffic data before, during, and after the hurricane made landfall. First, we conducted a time-series-based analysis to evaluate the temporal evacuation patterns of this large-scale evacuation. Second, we developed a metric, namely the congestion index (CI), to assess the spatiotemporal evacuation patterns on I-95, I-75, I-10, I-4, and turnpike (SR-91) highways with a focus on both evacuation and returning traffic. Third, we employed a geographic information system-based analysis to visually illustrate the CI values of corresponding highway sections with respect to different dates and times. Findings clearly showed that imperfect forecasts and the uncertainty surrounding Irma’s predicted path resulted in high levels of congestion and severe delays on Florida’s major evacuation routes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Vaccine Safety After the First Public Sector Introduction of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine—Navi Mumbai, India, 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley T Longley ◽  
Kashmira Date ◽  
Stephen P Luby ◽  
Pankaj Bhatnagar ◽  
Adwoa D Bentsi-Enchill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background In December 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified the first typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) (Typbar-TCV). While no safety concerns were identified in pre- and post-licensure studies, WHO’s Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety recommended robust safety evaluation with large-scale TCV introductions. During July–August 2018, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) launched the world’s first public sector TCV introduction. Per administrative reports, 113,420 children 9 months–14 years old received TCV. Methods We evaluated adverse events following immunization (AEFI) using passive and active surveillance via 1) reports from the passive NMMC AEFI surveillance system, 2) telephone interviews with 5% of caregivers of vaccine recipients 48 hours and 7 days post-vaccination, and 3) chart abstraction for adverse events of special interest (AESI) among patients admitted to 5 hospitals using the Brighton Collaboration criteria followed by ascertainment of vaccination status. Results We identified 222/113,420 (0.2%) AEFI through the NMMC AEFI surveillance system: 211 (0.19%) minor, 2 (0.002%) severe, and 9 (0.008%) serious. At 48 hours post-vaccination, 1,852/5,605 (33%) caregivers reported one or more AEFI, including injection site pain (n=1,452, 26%), swelling (n=419, 7.5%), and fever (n=416, 7.4%). Of the 4,728 interviews completed at 7 days post-vaccination, the most reported AEFI included fever (n=200, 4%), pain (n=52, 1%), and headache (n=42, 1%). Among 525 hospitalized children diagnosed with an AESI, 60 were vaccinated; no AESI were causally associated with TCV. Conclusions No unexpected safety signals were identified with TCV introduction. This provides further reassurance for the large-scale use of Typbar-TCV among children 9 months–14 years old.

scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Urban Large Scale Sewage Treatment Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 906-912
Author(s):  
Gao Ping ◽  
Zhang Luyan ◽  
Fu Gui
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Accident Tree ◽  
And Control

In recent years, accidents of urban large scale sewage treatment plant at home and abroad have took a big loss to countries and individuals. Based on field research and scientific analysis of one large sewage treatment plant this paper use the safety check list to evaluate its safety and get that the main risk factors which should be focused on are poisoning and suffocation, electrical injuries, fire and explosion. Using accident tree method to analyze electrical equipment accidents we know that in order to prevent electric shock accident first is to use the safety equipment and control leakage events due to dirty and wet.

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