scholarly journals Serology for Borrelia spp. in Northwest Italy: A Climate-Matched 10-Year Trend

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Giacomo Stroffolini ◽  
Francesco Vladimiro Segala ◽  
Tommaso Lupia ◽  
Silvia Faraoni ◽  
Luca Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
One Health ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Human Sample ◽  
Increasing Trend

Ticks are hematophagous parasites that can transmit a variety of human pathogens, and their life cycle is dependent on several climatic factors for development and survival. We conducted a study in Piedmont and Aosta Valley, Italy, between 2009 and 2018. The study matched human sample serologies for Borrelia spp. with publicly available climatic and meteorological data. A total of 12,928 serological immunofluorescence assays (IFA) and Western blot (WB) tests were analysed. The median number of IFA and WB tests per year was 1236 (range 700–1997), with the highest demand in autumn 2018 (N = 289). In the study period, positive WB showed an increasing trend, peaking in 2018 for both IgM (N = 97) and IgG (N = 61). These results were consistent with a regional climatic variation trending towards an increase in both temperature and humidity. Our results suggest that coupling data from epidemiology and the environment, and the use of a “one health” approach, may provide a powerful tool in understanding disease transmission and strengthen collaboration between specialists in the era of climate instability.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change and human activity on the runoff in the upper reaches of the Shiyang River, Northwest China

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Jianhua Xu ◽  
Zhongsheng Chen ◽  
Benfu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Potential Evaporation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shiyang River Basin ◽  
Runoff Change ◽  
Increasing Trend

Based on the hydrological and meteorological data of the upper reaches of Shiyang River basin in Northwest China from 1960 to 2009, this paper analyzed the change in runoff and its related climatic factors, and estimated the contribution of climate change and human activity to runoff change by using the moving T test, cumulative analysis of anomalies and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that temperature revealed a significant increasing trend, and potential evaporation capacity decreased significantly, while precipitation increased insignificantly in the past recent 50 years. Although there were three mutations in 1975, 1990 and 2002 respectively, runoff presented a slight decreasing trend in the whole period. The contributions of climate change and human activity to runoff change during the period of 1976-2009 were 45% and 55% respectively.

scholarly journals Flutuação Populacional de Diclidophlebia sp. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) em Miconia sellowiana Naudin 1851 (Melastomataceae) em Curitiba, Paraná

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385
Author(s):  
Marliton Rocha Barreto ◽  
Dalva Luiz de Queiroz ◽  
Luis Amilton Foerster
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Population Fluctuation ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Forest Entomology ◽  
Pioneer Plant

Imaturos e adultos de psilídeos causam diversos danos às plantas, pela sucção de seiva e injeção de toxinas o que induz, muitas das vezes, à deformação de folhas e brotações, levando a necrose, senescência de folhas e em algumas espécies, a formação de galhas. Dentre eles, o gênero Diclidophlebia Crawford, contém 25 espécies descritas sendo que sete delas atacam Melastomatacea. Miconia sellowiana é uma planta pioneira, com ampla distribuição e, no Paraná é encontrada em várias regiões fitogeográficas. Este trabalho apresenta dados relativos à flutuação populacional de uma espécie de Diclidophlebia sp. em M. sellowiana. O presente trabalho foi realizado na “Reserva Mata Viva” do Centro Politécnico da Universidade Federal do Paraná, em Curitiba, PR. Coletas quinzenais entre maio/2018 e julho/2019 foram realizadas para obtenção de ovos, imaturos e adultos do psilídeo. Os dados meteorológicos (temperatura, umidade e precipitação) foram obtidos do Sistema Meteorológico do Paraná – Simepar. Foram obtidos 1.013 ovos, 866 imaturos e 1.101 adultos. A presente pesquisa permitiu ampliar a compreender sobre a flutuação populacional de Diclidophlebia sp.. Os resultados mostraram que as baixas temperaturas são favoráveis para a produção de ovos e adultos do psilídio, mas não afeta os imaturos. Os demais fatores climáticos analisados não tiveram influência em nenhuma fase do ciclo de vida do Diclidophlebia sp., apesar de ocorrem baixas coletas no período mais chuvoso. Além disso, pelo fato de a espécie ter sido coletada em todas as fases de desenvolvimento e em todos os meses do ano fica evidenciando o seu polivoltinismo.   Palavras-chave: Entomologia Florestal. Liviinae. Melastomatacea.   Abstract Immatures and adults of psyllids cause several damages to the plants, by the sap suction and  toxins injection which often lead to the  leaves and buds deformation, necrosis,  leaves senescence and in some species, the  galls formation. Among them, the genus Diclidophlebia Crawford, containing 25 described species, seven of which attack Melastomatacea. Miconia sellowiana is a pioneer plant, with wide distribution and, in Paraná it is found in several phytogeographic regions. This work presents data related to the population fluctuation of a species of Diclidophlebia sp. in M. sellowiana. The present work was carried out in “Reserva Mata Viva” of Polytechnical Center of Federal University of, in Curitiba – PR. Biweekly collections between May/2018 and July/2019 were carried out to obtainimmature and adults eggs. Meteorological data (temperature, humidity and precipitation) were obtained from the Paraná Meteorological System - Simepar. During the experiment, 1,013 eggs, 866 immature and 1,101 adults were obtained. This research allowed us to broaden our understanding of the population fluctuation of Diclidophlebia sp.. The results showed that low temperatures are favorable for the  eggs and adults  production of the psyllid, but it does not affect the immature ones.The other climatic factors analyzed had no influence on any stage of the life cycle of Diclidophlebia sp., despite low collections in the rainiest period. In addition, due to the fact that the species was collected in all the development stages and in all months of the year, evidencing thus its polyvoltinism.   Keywords: Forest Entomology. Liviinae. Melastomatacea.  

scholarly journals Impact of climate change and human activity on the runoff in the upper reaches of the Shiyang River, Northwest China

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Jianhua Xu ◽  
Zhongsheng Chen ◽  
Benfu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Potential Evaporation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shiyang River Basin ◽  
Runoff Change ◽  
Increasing Trend

Based on the hydrological and meteorological data of the upper reaches of Shiyang River basin in Northwest China from 1960 to 2009, this paper analyzed the change in runoff and its related climatic factors, and estimated the contribution of climate change and human activity to runoff change by using the moving T test, cumulative analysis of anomalies and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that temperature revealed a significant increasing trend, and potential evaporation capacity decreased significantly, while precipitation increased insignificantly in the past recent 50 years. Although there were three mutations in 1975, 1990 and 2002 respectively, runoff presented a slight decreasing trend in the whole period. The contributions of climate change and human activity to runoff change during the period of 1976-2009 were 45% and 55% respectively.

scholarly journals Provenance Trials of the Mexican Spruces in Nursery Conditions: Three Species Endangered by Climatic Variation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
José Marcos Torres-Valverde ◽  
José Ciro Hernández-Díaz ◽  
Artemio Carrillo-Parra ◽  
Eduardo Mendoza-Maya ◽  
Christian Wehenkel
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Picea Species

The three Mexican spruces’ distributions are fragmented, which could lead to phenological, morphological and genetic differentiation, partially caused by local adaptation. In this study, we examined the effect that climatic variables had on the survival and growth of 5641 Picea seedlings, coming from eight seed provenances of three species and produced in identical nursery conditions. The respective responses of each species and provenance can be considered as a proxy of the genetic differentiation and adaptation of each population. A cluster analysis revealed: (i) significant differences in genetic quantitative traits among the three Picea species and (ii) significant correlations between genetic quantitative traits and climatic factors.

scholarly journals Effects of climatic factors on the net primary productivity in the source region of Yangtze River, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Yuan ◽  
Yongqiang Wang ◽  
Jijun Xu ◽  
Zhiguang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Increasing Trend

AbstractThe ecosystem of the Source Region of Yangtze River (SRYR) is highly susceptible to climate change. In this study, the spatial–temporal variation of NPP from 2000 to 2014 was analyzed, using outputs of Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach model. Then the correlation characteristics of NPP and climatic factors were evaluated. The results indicate that: (1) The average NPP in the SRYR is 100.0 gC/m2 from 2000 to 2014, and it shows an increasing trend from northwest to southeast. The responses of NPP to altitude varied among the regions with the altitude below 3500 m, between 3500 to 4500 m and above 4500 m, which could be attributed to the altitude associated variations of climatic factors and vegetation types; (2) The total NPP of SRYR increased by 0.18 TgC per year in the context of the warmer and wetter climate during 2000–2014. The NPP was significantly and positively correlated with annual temperature and precipitation at interannual time scales. Temperature in February, March, May and September make greater contribution to NPP than that in other months. And precipitation in July played a more crucial role in influencing NPP than that in other months; (3) Climatic factors caused the NPP to increase in most of the SRYR. Impacts of human activities were concentrated mainly in downstream region and is the primary reason for declines in NPP.

Ramification of Global and Local Climatic Variability on Resurgent Cases of Dengue in Delhi, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Netrananda Sahu ◽  
Martand Mani Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Monsoon Index ◽  
Vector Borne

It has become evident that the global climate is changing rapidly over the past few decades. The variation and change in the global climatic factors have a notable impact on the local climate of a region. The changing climate is widely regarded as one of the most serious global health threats of the 21st century. Among various kinds of diseases, the most vulnerable to these changes are vector-borne diseases. In the Indian context, particularly Delhi city is the most vulnerable to dengue, a kind of vector-borne disease having its highest impact. We sought to identify and explore the correlation and influence of the global climatic phenomena and local climatic factors with the reported number of dengue cases in Delhi. The temporal expansions of reported dengue cases in Delhi have a variation from its first major outbreak in the city during the year 1996 to 2015. A statistical tool like Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) is used in this study to establish the interrelationship and the level of impact and local climatic variation on dengue. An exceptional negative correlation value of r = -0.82 between the monsoon index and the dengue incidences was reported during the positive years and also maintains a very high positive correlation with other global climatic indices. The study here finds that there is a strong correlation of climatic variation which further influences the epidemiology of dengue in Delhi.

scholarly journals Malaria and the climate in Karachi: An eight year review

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (ICON-Suppl) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fivzia Herekar ◽  
Sundus Iftikhar ◽  
Ahsana Nazish ◽  
Sabeen Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Medical Chart Review ◽  
Special Supplement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Open Access Article

Background and Objective: Malaria is an arthropod-borne infectious disease transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles and claims millions of lives globally every year. Reasons for failure to eradicate this disease are multifactorial. The seasonality of the malaria is principally determined by climatic factors conducive for breeding of the vector. We aimed to study the relationship between climatic variability and the seasonality of malaria over an eight-year duration. Methods: This was a retrospective medical chart review of 8,844 confirmed cases of malaria which presented to The Indus Hospital, Karachi from January 2008 to November 2015. Cases were plotted against meteorological data for Karachi to elicit monthly variation. Results: A secular incline and seasonality in malaria cases over the duration of 8 years was seen. More cases were reported in the summer, rainy season compared with the other three seasons in each year. There was significant association with specific climate variables such as temperature, moisture, and humidity. Conclusion: There is a marked seasonal variation of malaria in Karachi, influenced by various environmental factors. Identification of the ‘the concentrated period’ of malaria can be helpful for policymakers to deploy malaria control interventions. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1712 How to cite this:Herekar F, Iftikhar S, Nazish A, Rehman S. Malaria and the climate in Karachi: An eight year review. Pak J Med Sci. Special Supplement ICON 2020. 2020;36(1):S33-S37. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1712 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals AFM-Based Correlative Microscopy Illuminates Human Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya V. Bhat ◽  
Jared D. W. Price ◽  
Tanya E. S. Dahms
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Fitness Landscape ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
The Many

Microbes have an arsenal of virulence factors that contribute to their pathogenicity. A number of challenges remain to fully understand disease transmission, fitness landscape, antimicrobial resistance and host heterogeneity. A variety of tools have been used to address diverse aspects of pathogenicity, from molecular host-pathogen interactions to the mechanisms of disease acquisition and transmission. Current gaps in our knowledge include a more direct understanding of host-pathogen interactions, including signaling at interfaces, and direct phenotypic confirmation of pathogenicity. Correlative microscopy has been gaining traction to address the many challenges currently faced in biomedicine, in particular the combination of optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM, generates high-resolution surface topographical images, and quantifies mechanical properties at the pN scale under physiologically relevant conditions. When combined with optical microscopy, AFM probes pathogen surfaces and their physical and molecular interaction with host cells, while the various modes of optical microscopy view internal cellular responses of the pathogen and host. Here we review the most recent advances in our understanding of pathogens, recent applications of AFM to the field, how correlative AFM-optical microspectroscopy and microscopy have been used to illuminate pathogenicity and how these methods can reach their full potential for studying host-pathogen interactions.

scholarly journals Studies on Bd0934 and Bd3507, Two Secreted Nucleases from Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, Reveal Sequential Release of Nucleases during the Predatory Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Bukowska-Faniband ◽  
Tilde Andersson ◽  
Rolf Lood
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Bdellovibrio Bacteriovorus ◽  
Exogenous Dna ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Predatory Bacteria

ABSTRACT Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is an obligate predatory bacterium that invades and kills a broad range of Gram-negative prey cells, including human pathogens. Its potential therapeutic application has been the subject of increased research interest in recent years. However, an improved understanding of the fundamental molecular aspects of the predatory life cycle is crucial for developing this bacterium as a “living antibiotic.” During intracellular growth, B. bacteriovorus secretes an arsenal of hydrolases, which digest the content of the host cell to provide growth nutrients for the predator, e.g., prey DNA is completely degraded by the nucleases. Here, we have, on a genetic and molecular level, characterized two secreted DNases from B. bacteriovorus, Bd0934 and Bd3507, and determined the temporal expression profile of other putative secreted nucleases. We conclude that Bd0934 and Bd3507 are likely a part of the predatosome but are not essential for the predation, host-independent growth, prey biofilm degradation, and self-biofilm formation. The detailed temporal expression analysis of genes encoding secreted nucleases revealed that these enzymes are produced in a sequential orchestrated manner. This work contributes to our understanding of the sequential breakdown of the prey nucleic acid by the nucleases secreted during the predatory life cycle of B. bacteriovorus. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance is a major global concern with few available new means to combat it. From a therapeutic perspective, predatory bacteria constitute an interesting tool. They not only eliminate the pathogen but also reduce the overall pool of antibiotic resistance genes through secretion of nucleases and complete degradation of exogenous DNA. Molecular knowledge of how these secreted DNases act will give us further insight into how antibiotic resistance, and the spread thereof, can be limited through the action of predatory bacteria.

scholarly journals Temporal Viral Genome-Protein Interactions Define Distinct Stages of Productive Herpesviral Infection

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill A. Dembowski ◽  
Neal A. DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Hsv 1

ABSTRACTHerpesviruses utilize multiple mechanisms to redirect host proteins for use in viral processes and to avoid recognition and repression by the host. To investigate dynamic interactions between herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA and viral and host proteins throughout infection, we developed an approach to identify proteins that associate with the infecting viral genome from nuclear entry through packaging. To accomplish this, virus stocks were prepared in the presence of ethynyl-modified nucleotides to enable covalent tagging of viral genomes after infection for analysis of viral genome-protein interactions by imaging or affinity purification. Affinity purification was combined with stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) mass spectrometry to enable the distinction between proteins that were brought into the cell by the virus or expressed within the infected cell before or during infection. We found that input viral DNA progressed within 6 h through four temporal stages where the genomes sequentially (i) interacted with intrinsic antiviral and DNA damage response proteins, (ii) underwent a robust transcriptional switch mediated largely by ICP4, (iii) engaged in replication, repair, and continued transcription, and then (iv) transitioned to a more transcriptionally inert state engagingde novo-synthesized viral structural components while maintaining interactions with replication proteins. Using a combination of genetic, imaging, and proteomic approaches, we provide a new and temporally compressed view of the HSV-1 life cycle based on input genome-proteome dynamics.IMPORTANCEHerpesviruses are highly prevalent and ubiquitous human pathogens. Studies of herpesviruses and other viruses have previously been limited by the ability to directly study events that occur on the viral DNA throughout infection. We present a new powerful approach, which allows for the temporal investigation of viral genome-protein interactions at all phases of infection. This work has integrated many results from previous studies with the discovery of novel factors potentially involved in viral infection that may represent new antiviral targets. In addition, the study provides a new view of the HSV-1 life cycle based on genome-proteome dynamics.

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