scholarly journals The Use of Copper Oxides as Cross-Linking Substances for Chloroprene Rubber and Study of the Vulcanizates Properties. Part I

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5535
Author(s):  
Piotr Kobędza ◽  
Aleksandra Smejda-Krzewicka ◽  
Krzysztof Strzelec
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Copper Oxides ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

The purpose of this work was to verify the ability to cross-link the chloroprene rubber (CR) by using copper oxides: copper(I) oxide or copper(II) oxide. The use of copper oxides arises from the need to limit the application of ZnO as a cross-linking agent of CR. The obtained results indicate that CR compositions cross-linked with copper oxides are characterized by good mechanical properties and a high cross-linking degree. The results show that the type and the amount of copper oxides influence the cross-linking of the CR and the properties of the vulcanizates. For compositions containing copper(II) oxide, the properties are linearly dependent on the amount of CuO. Such a relationship is difficult to notice in the case of the use of copper(I) oxide—when analyzing individual parameters, the best results are obtained for different samples. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) studies confirmed the possibility of cross-linking of chloroprene rubber with copper oxides. This is evidenced by the characteristic changes in the intensity of the bands. Structural changes in the material during heating were determined by the thermal analysis—differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Regardless of the type and amount of copper oxide, all compositions exhibit similar characteristics, and there are no significant changes in the glass transition temperature of the material.

A comparative study on the effect of higher acrylate on cross-linkable PMMA used as environment friendly latexes

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Sweta Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
Poly Propylene ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

The kinetics of emulsion polymerization of monomers methyl methacrylate (MMA)/ n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) was studied to investigate the effect of cross-linkable monomer poly(propylene glycol diacrylate) (PPGDA). The results showed that by the incorporation of PPGDA rate constant of reaction decreased. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the synthesized polymers. The thermal analysis of samples was done by differential scanning calorimetry, and the results were compared by the previous studies with MMA/ n-butyl acrylate (BA) and MMA/2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA). The glass transition temperature ( T g) values show that the latexes prepared using BA and EHA as comonomer was suitable for binder purpose, but in the present study the T g is not suitable in case of BMA as higher acrylate comonomer. That may be due to more cross-linking in MMA-BMA-PPGDA. The results conclude that the BA and EHA can be used as the binder, but the use of BMA is limited for the binder in coating applications.

scholarly journals Structural and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Modified by Various Peroxide Initiators

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przybysz ◽  
Hejna ◽  
Haponiuk ◽  
Formela
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Organic Peroxides ◽  
Reactive Processing ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Gel Fraction

The modification of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was successfully conducted during reactive processing in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) or di-(2-tert-butyl-peroxyisopropyl)-benzene (BIB). The peroxide initiators were applied in the various amounts of 0.5 or 1.0 pbw (part by weight) into the PCL matrix. The effects of the initiator type and its concentration on the structure and mechanical and thermal properties of PCL were investigated. To achieve a detailed and proper explication of this phenomenon, the decomposition and melting temperatures of DCP and BIB initiators were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The conjecture of the branching or cross-linking of PCL structure via used peroxides was studied by gel fraction content measurement. Modification in the presence of BIB in PCL was found to effectively increase gel fraction. The result showed that the cross-linking of PCL started at a low content of BIB, while PCL modified by high DCP content was only partially cross-linked or branched. PCL branching and cross-linking were found to have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of PCL. However, the effect of used initiators on poly(ε-caprolactone) properties strongly depended on their structure and content. The obtained results indicated that, for the modification towards cross-linking/branching of PCL structure by using organic peroxides, the best mechanical properties were achieved for PCL modified by 0.5 pbw BIB or 1.0 pbw DCP, while the PCL modified by 1.0 pbw BIB possessed poor mechanical properties, as it was related to over cross-linking.

Effect of Meta- and Para-Substitution of the Aromatic Diamines on the Properties of Poly(Amidoimidourethane)

2016 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Kobykhno ◽  
Oleg Tolochko ◽  
Ekaterina Vasilyeva ◽  
Andrei Didenko ◽  
Danila Kuznetcov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Polymer Structure ◽  
Multiblock Copolymers ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Aromatic Diamines

The paper experimentally studies the effect of meta and para- substitution of the amino groups in the diamine used in the synthesis of multiblock copolymers. The way for synthesis of new multiblock copolymers with the possibility of replacing the diamine in the polymer structure was shown. Thermal and mechanical properties of synthesized copolymers had been characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and by nanoindentation and tensile test.

scholarly journals Novel Bio-Based Epoxy Thermosets Based on Triglycidyl Phloroglucinol Prepared by Thiol-Epoxy Reaction

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dailyn Guzmán ◽  
David Santiago ◽  
Àngels Serra ◽  
Francesc Ferrando
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
High Transparency ◽  
Epoxy Curing ◽  
Curing Agents

The pure trifunctional glycidyl monomer from phloroglucinol (3EPO-Ph) was synthesized and used as feedstock in the preparation of novel bio-based thermosets by thiol-epoxy curing. The monomer was crosslinked with different commercially available thiols: tetrafunctional thiol (PETMP), trifunctional thiol (TTMP) and an aromatic dithiol (TBBT) as curing agents in the presence of a base. As catalyst, two different commercial catalysts: LC-80 and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP) and a synthetic catalyst, imidazolium tetraphenylborate (base generator, BG) were employed. The curing of the reactive mixtures was studied by using DSC and the obtained materials by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The results revealed that only the formulations catalyzed by BG showed a latent character. Already prepared thermosetting materials showed excellent thermal, thermomechanical and mechanical properties, with a high transparency. In addition to that, when compared with the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/PETMP material, the thermosets prepared from the triglycidyl derivative of phloroglucinol have better final characteristics and therefore this derivative can be considered as a partial or total renewable substitute of DGEBA in technological applications.

scholarly journals Thermal analysis: basic concept of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry for beginners

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Fatahah Asyqin Zainal ◽  
Jean Marc Saiter ◽  
Suhaila Idayu Abdul Halim ◽  
Romain Lucas ◽  
Chin Han Chan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Teaching Activities ◽  
Sample Decomposition ◽  
Calibration Baseline

AbstractWe present an overview for the basic fundamental of thermal analysis, which is applicable for educational purposes, especially for lecturers at the universities, who may refer to the articles as the references to “teach” or to “lecture” to final year project students or young researchers who are working on their postgraduate projects. Description of basic instrumentation [i.e. differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA)] covers from what we should know about the instrument, calibration, baseline and samples’ signal. We also provide the step-by-step guides for the estimation of the glass transition temperature after DSC as well as examples and exercises are included, which are applicable for teaching activities. Glass transition temperature is an important property for commercial application of a polymeric material, e.g. packaging, automotive, etc. TGA is also highlighted where the analysis gives important thermal degradation information of a material to avoid sample decomposition during the DSC measurement. The step-by-step guides of the estimation of the activation energy after TGA based on Hoffman’s Arrhenius-like relationship are also provided.

scholarly journals Combined thermal analysis of plant oils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Tamási ◽  
Kálmán Marossy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Glassy State ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Current Reversal

AbstractThe paper deals with the study of seven selected natural plant oils. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) methods were used. It has been found that most of the oils tested are in a glassy state at low temperature and have multiple transitions in the low temperature range. DSC shows complex melting-like processes or glass transition. For both DMA and TSD, the scaffold supportive method was used and found as a suitable one. DMA and TSD proved more sensitive than DSC and revealed at least two transitions between − 120 and − 40 °C. In the case of three oils (argan, avocado and sunflower), current reversal was observed by TSD; this symptom cannot be fully explained at the moment.

scholarly journals Films Based on a Blend of PVC with Copolymer of 3-Hydroxybutyrate with 3-Hydroxyhexanoate

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Evgeniy V. Belukhichev ◽  
Vera E. Sitnikova ◽  
Evgenia O. Samuylova ◽  
Mayya V. Uspenskaya ◽  
Daria M. Martynova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Packaging Film ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Environmental Friendliness

Polymeric packaging materials are one of the factors of environmental pollution. Reducing the environmental burden is possible by increasing the environmental friendliness of packaging materials. In this work, we study polymer films based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with a copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate with 3-hydroxyhexanoate P (3-GB) (3-GG) with different component ratios. The process of processing blends in the process of obtaining a packaging film is considered. The optical characteristics of the obtained films are determined. Thermal analysis of the obtained films was carried out using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), TGA, and thermomechanical analysis (TMA) methods. The degree of gelling of the resulting mixture was determined. It is shown that PHB has miscibility with PVC.

Research on compatibility and surface of high impact bio-based polyamide

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110055
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yuhui Zhang ◽  
Yuhan Xu ◽  
Xiucai Liu ◽  
Weihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
High Impact ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The super-tough bio-based nylon was prepared by melt extrusion. In order to improve the compatibility between bio-based nylon and elastomer, the elastomer POE was grafted with maleic anhydride. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) were used to study the compatibility and micro-distribution between super-tough bio-based nylon and toughened elastomers. The results of mechanical strength experiments show that the 20% content of POE-g-MAH has the best toughening effect. After toughening, the toughness of the super-tough nylon was significantly improved. The notched impact strength was 88 kJ/m2 increasing by 1700%, which was in line with the industrial super-tough nylon. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to study the crystallization behavior of bio-based PA56, and the effect of bio-based PA56 with high crystallinity on mechanical properties was analyzed from the microstructure.

Human cytokines characterized by dielectric thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 1707-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salaam Saleh ◽  
Druthiman Reddy Mantheni ◽  
Manik Pavan Kumar Maheswaram ◽  
Susan Moreno-Molek ◽  
Tobili Sam-Yellowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Dielectric Thermal Analysis ◽  
Human Cytokines

Physico Chemical Characterization of Nanofibrous Poly(Ε-Caprolactone) Electrospun Templates for Cell Adhesion

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (49) ◽  
pp. 2689-2694
Author(s):  
Karla A. Gaspar-Ovalle ◽  
Juan V. Cauich-Rodriguez ◽  
Armando Encinas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Static Water

ABSTRACTNanofibrous mats of poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) were fabricated by electrospinning. The nanofiber structures were investigated and characterized by scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, static water-contact-angle analysis and mechanical properties. The results showed that the nanofibrous PCL is an ideal biopolymer for cell adhesion, owing to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, structural stability and mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the fibrous structure of PCL does not alter its crystallinity. Studies of the mechanical properties, wettability and degradability showed that the structure of the electrospun PCL improved the tensile modulus, tensile strength, wettability and biodegradability of the nanotemplates. To evaluate the nanofibrous structure of PCL on cell adhesion, osteoblasts cells were seeded on these templates. The results showed that both adhesion and proliferation of the cells is viable on these electrospun PCL membranes. Thus electrospinning is a relatively inexpensive and scalable manufacturing technique for submicron to nanometer diameter fibers, which can be of interest in the commodity industry.

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