scholarly journals Reducing Effect of Farnesylquinone on Lipid Mass in C. elegans by Modulating Lipid Metabolism

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xihua Jia ◽  
Manglin Xu ◽  
Aigang Yang ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Etoac Fraction ◽  
Worm Model

Bioassay-guided fractionation of marine-derived fungi revealed that the EtOAc fraction from the fermentation broth of a mutated fungal strain Streptomyces nitrosporeus YBH10-5 had lipid-lowering effects in HepG2 cells. Chromatographic separation of the EtOAc fraction resulted in the isolation of 11 PKS-based derivatives, including a structurally unique meroterpenoid namely nitrosporeunol H (1). The structure of compound 1 was determined by the analysis of spectroscopic data. Further bioassay resulted in farnesylquinone (2) and its analogues to exert in vivo fat-reducing effects in C. elegans worm model. The underlying mode of action of compound 2 in the context of live worms was investigated, uncovering that compound 2 enhanced the mitochondrial β-oxidation rate and changed the transcriptional level of energy metabolism genes. Additional experiments revealed that compound 2 exerted its effects in C. elegans partially through repressing FAT-5, an isoform of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) which catalyzes the conversion of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids, thereafter leading to the modification of the fatty acid profile. Thus, compound 2 was suggested to be a promising lead for further optimization to treat obesity.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids inhibit ACE2-controlled SARS-CoV-2 binding and cellular entry

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Goc ◽  
Aleksandra Niedzwiecki ◽  
Matthias Rath
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Lipid Compounds

AbstractThe strain SARS-CoV-2, newly emerged in late 2019, has been identified as the cause of COVID-19 and the pandemic declared by WHO in early 2020. Although lipids have been shown to possess antiviral efficacy, little is currently known about lipid compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding and entry properties. To address this issue, we screened, overall, 17 polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids, as wells as lipid-soluble vitamins. In performing target-based ligand screening utilizing the RBD-SARS-CoV-2 sequence, we observed that polyunsaturated fatty acids most effectively interfere with binding to hACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Using a spike protein pseudo-virus, we also found that linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid significantly block the entry of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, eicosapentaenoic acid showed higher efficacy than linolenic acid in reducing activity of TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L proteases, but neither of the fatty acids affected their expression at the protein level. Also, neither reduction of hACE2 activity nor binding to the hACE2 receptor upon treatment with these two fatty acids was observed. Although further in vivo experiments are warranted to validate the current findings, our study provides a new insight into the role of lipids as antiviral compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 strain.

scholarly journals Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 impairs the reparative properties of macrophages and microglia in the brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen F.J. Bogie ◽  
Elien Grajchen ◽  
Elien Wouters ◽  
Aida Garcia Corrales ◽  
Tess Dierckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Efflux Transporter ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽  
Phenotypic Shift ◽  
The Brain

Failure of remyelination underlies the progressive nature of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Macrophages and microglia are crucially involved in the formation and repair of demyelinated lesions. Here we show that myelin uptake temporarily skewed these phagocytes toward a disease-resolving phenotype, while sustained intracellular accumulation of myelin induced a lesion-promoting phenotype. This phenotypic shift was controlled by stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), an enzyme responsible for the desaturation of saturated fatty acids. Monounsaturated fatty acids generated by SCD1 reduced the surface abundance of the cholesterol efflux transporter ABCA1, which in turn promoted lipid accumulation and induced an inflammatory phagocyte phenotype. Pharmacological inhibition or phagocyte-specific deficiency of Scd1 accelerated remyelination ex vivo and in vivo. These findings identify SCD1 as a novel therapeutic target to promote remyelination.

scholarly journals Επιπτώσεις των μεταβολικών διαταραχών και των γλυκοτοξινών στο αναπαραγωγικό σύστημα αρρένων μυών και επίμυων

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Δημήτριος Μοσχονάς
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Advanced Glycation End Products ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products

Η παχυσαρκία αποτελεί συστηματική διαταραχή με επιπτώσεις σε διάφορα όργανα μεταξύ των οποίων και το ουροποιογεννητικό σύστημα. Η υπεργλυκαιμία, η υπερλιπιδαιμία και το οξειδωτικό stress, στα πλαίσια της παχυσαρκίας οδηγούν στο σχηματισμό τοξικών μεταβολικών προϊόντων, των τελικών προϊόντων προχωρημένης γλυκοζυλίωσης (advanced glycation end products - AGEs), που εναποτίθενται στους ιστούς με βλαπτικές επιδράσεις. Η εξωγενής πρόσληψη και η ενδογενής συσσώρευση συμβάλλουν στην παθογένεια μεταβολικών και αναπαραγωγικών διαταραχών τόσο σε άνδρες όσο και σε γυναίκες. Η παρούσα μελέτη αξιολόγησε την επίδραση διατροφής υψηλής περιεκτικότητας σε κορεσμένα λιπαρά οξέα [saturated fatty acids (SAFA)] στο λιπιδαιμικό και μεταβολικό προφίλ (επίπεδα AGE, οξειδωτικό stress) καθώς επίσης και στις ιστοπαθολογικές (έκφραση AGE, RAGE, απόπτωση) και μορφομετρικές παραμέτρους του αναπαραγωγικού συστήματος αρρένων μυών C57BL6 in vivo. Μετά την εκδήλωση παχυσαρκίας τα αποτελέσματα της χορήγησης διατροφής πλούσιας σε μονοακόρεστα λιπαρά οξέα [monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)] ή ίσης περιεκτικότητας MUFA και SAFA εκτιμήθηκαν. Τα πειραματόζωα της ομάδας SAFA παρουσίασαν υψηλές συγκεντρώσεις χοληστερόλης (p < .05) σε σύγκριση με τους μάρτυρες, ενώ τα επίπεδα AGE και υπεροξειδίων δεν διέφεραν στατιστικά σημαντικά μεταξύ των διαφόρων ομάδων πειραματισμού. Αυξημένη εναπόθεση AGE ανιχνεύθηκε για πρώτη φορά στα γαμετικά κύτταρα με υψηλότερη ένταση χρώσης σε ζώα με υψηλή σε SAFA διατροφή, σε σύγκριση με τη MUFA ή MUFA-SAFA τροφή ή τους μάρτυρες (p = .018). Στα κύτταρα Leydig, η εντόπιση AGE ήταν υψηλότερη στην ομάδα πειραματοζώων με τροφή υψηλή σε λιπαρά σε σύγκριση με τους μάρτυρες (p < .05). Επίσης παρουσιάζουν αυξημένο αποπτωτικό δείκτη στα σπερματικά τους κύτταρα (p < .005). Επιπλέον παρατηρήθηκε μείωση της πτύχωσης του βλεννογόνου του προστάτη των ζώων, η οποία αντιστράφηκε μετά τη χορήγηση της τροφής MUFA. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτά αποτελούν το έναυσμα για περαιτέρω διερεύνηση του ρόλου του άξονα AGE–RAGE σε διαταραχές των όρχεων και του προστάτη στα πλαίσια της προκαλούμενης από τη διατροφή παχυσαρκίας. Απλές διατροφικές παρεμβάσεις θα μπορούσαν να έχουν ευεργετική επίδραση στη μεταβολική δυσλειτουργία του αναπαραγωγικού συστήματος πριν την εκδήλωση συστηματικών μεταβολικών διαταραχών, υποδεικνύοντας τη γλυκοζυλίωση ως υποσχόμενο θεραπευτικό στόχο.

scholarly journals Lipid-Overloaded Enlarged Adipocytes Provoke Insulin Resistance Independent of Inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1686-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong In Kim ◽  
Jin Young Huh ◽  
Jee Hyung Sohn ◽  
Sung Sik Choe ◽  
Yun Sok Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Proinflammatory Responses ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy

In obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy and proinflammatory responses are closely associated with the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue. However, it is largely unknown whether adipocyte hypertrophyper semight be sufficient to provoke insulin resistance in obese adipose tissue. Here, we demonstrate that lipid-overloaded hypertrophic adipocytes are insulin resistant independent of adipocyte inflammation. Treatment with saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids resulted in adipocyte hypertrophy, but proinflammatory responses were observed only in adipocytes treated with saturated fatty acids. Regardless of adipocyte inflammation, hypertrophic adipocytes with large and unilocular lipid droplets exhibited impaired insulin-dependent glucose uptake, associated with defects in GLUT4 trafficking to the plasma membrane. Moreover, Toll-like receptor 4 mutant mice (C3H/HeJ) with high-fat-diet-induced obesity were not protected against insulin resistance, although they were resistant to adipose tissue inflammation. Together, ourin vitroandin vivodata suggest that adipocyte hypertrophy alone may be crucial in causing insulin resistance in obesity.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids inhibit ACE2-controlled SARS-CoV-2 binding and cellular entry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Goc ◽  
Aleksandra Niedzwiecki ◽  
Matthias Rath
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Lipid Compounds

Abstract The strain SARS-CoV-2, newly emerged in late 2019, has been identified as the cause of COVID-19 and the pandemic declared by WHO in early 2020. Although lipids have been shown to possess antiviral efficacy, little is currently known about lipid compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding and entry properties. To address this issue, we screened, overall, 17 polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids, as wells as lipid-soluble vitamins. In performing target-based ligand screening utilizing the RBD-SARS-CoV-2 sequence, we observed that polyunsaturated fatty acids most effectively interfere with binding to hACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Using a spike protein pseudo-virus, we also found that linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid significantly block the entry of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, eicosapentaenoic acid showed higher efficacy than linolenic acid in reducing activity of TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L proteases, but neither of the fatty acids affected their expression at the protein level. Also, neither reduction of hACE2 activity nor binding to the hACE2 receptor upon treatment with these two fatty acids was observed. Although further in vivo experiments are warranted to validate the current findings, our study provides a new insight into the role of lipids as antiviral compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 strain.

Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Zahra Yari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

COVID-19: Opinion in Prevention and dietary based management hypothesis

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Talaat Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Antiviral Activities

The pandemic of COVID-19 had started in Wuhan city china in late 2019 with a subsequent worldwide spread. The viral infection can seriousely affect multiple organs mainly lungs, kidneys, heart, liver and brain and may lead to respiratory, renal, cardiac or hepatic failure.Vascular thrombosis of unexplained mechanism that may lead to widespread blood clots in multiple organs and cytokine storms that result of overstimulation of the immune system subsequent of lung damage may lead to sudden decompensation due to hypotension and more damage to liver, kidney, brain or lungs.Until now no drug had proved efficient in getting rid of the problem and controlling the pandemic mainly depends on preventive measures.Many preventive measures can be considered to prevent the worldwide spread of viral transmission. Polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids (PUFAs) and the medium chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFAs) and their corresponding monoglycerides had high antiviral activities against the enveloped viruses which reach to more than 10,000 -fold reduction in the viral titres in vitro and in vivo after testing of its gastric aspirate, and can contribute to the systemic immunity against the enveloped viruses.

scholarly journals Differential Deleterious Impact of Highly Saturated Versus Monounsaturated Fat Intake on Vascular Function, Structure, and Mechanics in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Elena Vega-Martín ◽  
Marta Gil-Ortega ◽  
Raquel González-Blázquez ◽  
Sara Benedito ◽  
Jesús Fernández-Felipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
The Impact

Vegetable oils such as palm oil (enriched in saturated fatty acids, SFA) and high-oleic-acid sunflower oil (HOSO, containing mainly monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA) have emerged as the most common replacements for trans-fats in the food industry. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of SFA and MUFA-enriched high-fat (HF) diets on endothelial function, vascular remodeling, and arterial stiffness compared to commercial HF diets. Five-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed a standard (SD), a HF diet enriched with SFA (saturated oil-enriched Food, SOLF), a HF diet enriched with MUFA (unsaturated oil-enriched Food, UOLF), or a commercial HF diet for 8 weeks. Vascular function was analyzed in the thoracic aorta. Structural and mechanical parameters were assessed in mesenteric arteries by pressure myography. SOLF, UOLF, and HF diet reduced contractile responses to phenylephrine and induced endothelial dysfunction in the thoracic aorta. A significant increase in the β-index, and thus in arterial stiffness, was also detected in mesenteric arteries from the three HF groups, due to enhanced deposition of collagen in the vascular wall. SOLF also induced hypotrophic inward remodeling. In conclusion, these data demonstrate a deleterious effect of HF feeding on obesity-related vascular alterations that is exacerbated by SFA.

scholarly journals Bioactive Lipids of Seaweeds from the Portuguese North Coast: Health Benefits versus Potential Contamination

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1366
Author(s):  
Cristina Soares ◽  
Sara Sousa ◽  
Susana Machado ◽  
Elsa Vieira ◽  
Ana P. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
The North ◽  
Atherogenicity Index ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The total lipid content and lipidic profile of seaweeds harvested in the North Coast and purchased in Portugal were determined in this paper. The amount of total lipids in the different species of seaweeds varied between 0.7 ± 0.1% (Chondrus crispus) and 3.8 ± 0.6% (Ulva spp.). Regarding the fatty acid content, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ranged between 0–35%, with Ulva spp. presenting the highest amount; monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) varied between 19 and 67%; and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were predominant in C. crispus (45–78%) and Gracilaria spp. (36–79%). Concerning the nutritional indices, the atherogenicity index (AI) was between 0.4–3.2, the thrombogenicity index (TI) ranged from 0.04 to 1.95, except for Gracilaria spp., which had a TI of 7.6, and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (HH) values ranged between 0.88–4.21, except for Gracilaria spp., which exhibited values between 0.22–9.26. The n6/n3 ratio was below 1 for most of the species evaluated, except for Ascophyllum nodosum, which presented a higher value, although below 2. Considering the PUFA/SFA ratio, seaweeds presented values between 0.11–1.02. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHCs) contamination of seaweeds under study was also quantified, the values found being much lower than the maximum levels recommended for foodstuff.

scholarly journals Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diets fed to sows on fatty acids in brain, muscle and skin of their piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
I De Gasperín ◽  
J.G. Vicente ◽  
J.M. Pinos-Rodríguez ◽  
F Montiel ◽  
R Loeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fat ◽  
Pork Lard ◽  
Piglet Survival

The aim of this research was to determine fatty acid profiles in piglet brain, skin, and muscle, and in the milk of sows fed fat with different saturation grades during gestation and lactation. At 42 days of gestation, 50 multiparous sows were randomly allocated to one of two treatments, namely a diet containing pork lard (n = 25) and a diet containing soybean oil (n = 25). The fats were provided at 3.6% during gestation and at 4% during lactation. The experimental diets were offered through the weaning of the piglets. The fatty acid profile of the milk was determined fourteen days after parturition. At weaning (21 days postpartum) and seven days later, one of the piglets (n = 64) from 16 sows allocated to each treatment was selected at random to determine fatty acid profiles in brain, skin and muscle. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in the diet with pork lard than in that with soybean oil, in which the polyunsaturated fat content was higher. A higher saturation of fatty acids was found in milk from the sows that consumed pork lard, which contained more saturated fatty acids than the milk from sows that consumed soybean oil. The fatty acid profiles in muscle and skin of the piglets were affected by the diet of the sows. However, the fatty acid profile of the piglets’ brains was not affected by the diet of their mothers. Keywords: fat saturation, lard, piglet survival, sow feeding, soybean oil

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