Spirulina Platensis Supplementation Coupled to Strength Exercise Improves Redox Balance and Reduces Intestinal Contractile Reactivity in Rat Ileum

The blue alga Spirulina platensis has presented several pharmacological activities, highlighting its actions as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In addition, there are few studies with the influence of strength training on physiological parameters, as intestinal contractility and oxidative cell damage. We evaluated the influence of S. platensis supplementation, strength training, and its association on contractile reactivity of rat ileum, as well as the balance of oxidative stress/antioxidant defenses. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into; sedentary (S); S + supplemented with algae at 50 (S50), 150 (S150), and 500 mg/kg (S500); trained (T); and T + supplemented (T50, T150, and T500). Contractile reactivity was analyzed by kymographs; oxidative stress on ileum by the malondialdehyde (MDA) formation; and the antioxidant capacity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. S. platensis supplementation reduced the reactivity of rat ileum to carbachol (CCh) and KCl, while training reduced only the CCh efficacy. In addition, association potentiated the reduction on contractile reactivity. Supplementation reduced the oxidative stress and increased oxidation inhibition; training alone did not alter this parameter, however association potentiated this beneficial effect. Therefore, this study demonstrated that both supplementation and its association with strength training promote beneficial effects regarding intestinal contractile reactivity and oxidative stress, providing new insights for intestinal disorders management.

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Supplementation with Spirulina platensis Prevents Uterine Diseases Related to Muscle Reactivity and Oxidative Stress in Rats Undergoing Strength Training

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13113763 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 3763

Author(s):

Paula Benvindo Ferreira ◽

Anderson Fellyp Avelino Diniz ◽

Francisco Fernandes Lacerda Júnior ◽

Maria da Conceição Correia Silva ◽

Glêbia Alexa Cardoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Strength Training ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Spirulina Platensis ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Food Supplementation ◽

Stress Reactions ◽

Rat Uterus ◽

Dpph Method ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Strength training increases systemic oxygen consumption, causing the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn, provokes oxidative stress reactions and cellular processes that induce uterine contraction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of Spirulina platensis (SP), an antioxidant blue algae, on the contractile and relaxation reactivity of rat uterus and the balance of oxidative stress/antioxidant defenses. Female Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (CG), trained (TG), and T + supplemented (TG50, TG100) groups. Reactivity was analyzed by AQCAD, oxidative stress was evaluated by the malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and the antioxidant capacity was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Strength training increased contractile reactivity and decreased the pharmaco-mechanical component of relaxing reactivity in rat uterus. In addition, training decreased oxidation inhibition in the plasma and exercise increased oxidative stress in the uterine tissue; however, supplementation with algae prevented this effect and potentiated the increase in antioxidant capacity. Therefore, this study demonstrated that food supplementation prevents changes in reactivity and oxidative stress induced by strength training in a rat uterus, showing for the first time, that the uterus is a target for this exercise modality and antioxidant supplementation with S. platensis is an alternative means of preventing uterine dysfunction.

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Effects of Apocynin on Heart Muscle Oxidative Stress of Rats with Experimental Diabetes: Implications for Mitochondria

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10030335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Estefanía Bravo-Sánchez ◽

Donovan Peña-Montes ◽

Sarai Sánchez-Duarte ◽

Alfredo Saavedra-Molina ◽

Elizabeth Sánchez-Duarte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Oxidase Inhibitor ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Transport Chain ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes one of the public health problems today. It is characterized by hyperglycemia through a defect in the β-cells function and/or decreased insulin sensitivity. Apocynin has been tasted acting directly as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, exhibiting beneficial effects against diabetic complications. Hence, the present study’s goal was to dissect the possible mechanisms by which apocynin could mediate its cardioprotective effect against DM-induced oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats were assigned into 4 groups: Control (C), control + apocynin (C+A), diabetes (D), diabetes + apocynin (D+A). DM was induced with streptozotocin. Apocynin treatment (3 mg/kg/day) was applied for 5 weeks. Treatment significantly decreased blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. In cardiac tissue, ROS levels were higher, and catalase enzyme activity was reduced in the D group compared to the C group; the apocynin treatment significantly attenuated these responses. In heart mitochondria, Complexes I and II of the electron transport chain (ETC) were significantly enhanced in the D+A group. Total glutathione, the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the GSH/ oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio were increased in the D+A group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were without change. Apocynin enhances glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity, preserving the antioxidant defense and mitochondrial function.

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Effect ofBifidobacterium lactisHN019 on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in subjects with and without the metabolic syndrome

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114518001861 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 120 (6) ◽

pp. 645-652 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Luciana J. Bernini ◽

Andréa N. Colado Simão ◽

Cínthia H. B. de Souza ◽

Daniela F. Alfieri ◽

Liliane G. Segura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Baseline Values ◽

And Oxidative Stress

AbstractBeneficial effects of probiotics have been reported on body weight, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammatory state and oxidative stress in healthy subjects and in many metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects ofBifidobacterium lactisHN019 on inflammatory state and nitro-oxidative stress in patients with and without the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The usual diets of the thirty-three subjects were supplemented with probiotic milk for 90 d. Inflammatory markers and oxidative measurements were performed. In relation to the baseline values, subjects in both groups showed a decrease in homocysteine (P=0·02 andP=0·03, respectively), hydroperoxides (P=0·02 andP=0·01, respectively) and IL-6 levels (P=0·02). Increases in adiponectin (P=0·04) and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx,P=0·001) levels were only seen in the group with the MetS in relation to the baseline values, whereas only the individuals without the MetS had increases in total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter levels (P=0·002). In conclusion,B. lactisHN019 have several beneficial effects on inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in healthy subjects and the MetS patients. Patients with the MetS showed a specific improvement in adiponectin and NOx levels, whereas a specific favourable effect was shown in the antioxidant defenses in healthy subjects. If the results obtained in the present study are confirmed, supplementation of fermented milk with probiotics in healthy subjects and patients with the MetS must be further discussed.

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Isosteviol ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats by inhibiting ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-17-0681 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 238 (1) ◽

pp. 47-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sheng-Gao Tang ◽

Xiao-Yu Liu ◽

Ji-Ming Ye ◽

Ting-Ting Hu ◽

Ying-Ying Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Signal Pathways ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Glucose Plasma

Diabetes-induced injury of myocardium, defined as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), accounts for significant mortality and morbidity in diabetic population. Alleviation of DCM by a potent drug remains considerable interests in experimental and clinical researches because hypoglycemic drugs cannot effectively control this condition. Here, we explored the beneficial effects of isosteviol sodium (STVNa) on type 1 diabetes-induced DCM and the potential mechanisms involved. Male Wistar rats were induced to diabetes by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). One week later, diabetic rats were randomly grouped to receive STVNa (STZ/STVNa) or its vehicle (STZ). After 11 weeks of treatment or 11 weeks treatment following 4 weeks of removal of the treatment, the cardiac function and structure were evaluated and related mechanisms were investigated. In diabetic rats, oxidative stress, inflammation, blood glucose and plasma advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were significantly increased, whereas superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD-2) expression and activity were decreased. STVNa treatment inhibited cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation, showed similar ratio of heart to body weight and antioxidant capacities almost similar to the normal controls, which can be sustained at least 4 weeks. Moreover, STVNa inhibited diabetes-inducted stimulation of both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signal pathways. However, blood glucose, plasma AGE and insulin levels were not altered by STVNa treatment. These results indicate that STVNa may be developed into a potent therapy for DCM. The mechanism underlying this therapeutic effect involves the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibiting ERK and NF-κB without changing blood glucose or AGEs.

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Comparative study of the antioxidant and immunomodulant activities between yeast and lab fermented papaya

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v8i1.395 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Cristiana Caliceti ◽

Francesca Fortini ◽

Giorgio Aquila ◽

Eleonora Pagnotta ◽

Luisa Ugolini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Immunomodulatory Activity ◽

Embryonic Brain ◽

Free System ◽

Cell Free System ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase Release

Background: Dietary supplements of Carica papaya Linn fermented with yeast using a biotechnological process have well recognized positive effects on immunological, hematological, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters, utilized as biomarkers of chronic and degenerative diseases. Although many natural products fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have shown beneficial effects on the immune system and on antioxidant defenses, formulations of papaya fermented with LAB have not yet been studied.Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the immunomodulatory activity linked to the type of papaya fermentation (yeast vs LAB) in macrophages and to evaluate whether the type of fermentation differently modulates oxidative stress both in cell free system and in a model of embryonic brain cells.Methods: Cytotoxicity was evaluated through cell proliferation kinetic and lactate dehydrogenase release assays; immunomodulatory activity through the transcriptional activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) by qRT-PCR in RAW 264.7 macrophages; antioxidant capacity was assessed, in cell free system and in pheochromocytoma cells embryonic brain cells, by measuring the intracellular ROS levels through a fluorescent dye.Results: Our data showed that all the formulations studied are safe at low concentrations (3-6 mg/ml); the LAB- fermented formulations promoted the expression of iNOS and TNFα more efficiently than yeast-fermented papaya preparation (p <0.001). In a cell free system, the LAB-fermented formulation acted as mild scavengers of ROS while, in cells, both formulations didn’t show any significant effect.Conclusions: This study corroborates previous reports showing the efficacy of yeast fermented papaya as a potent immunostimulant and highlights the beneficial contribution of lactic bacteria fermentation.Keywords: papaya, lactic fermentation, immunostimulant activity, antioxidant activity

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Dietary Salvia hispanica L. reduces cardiac oxidative stress of dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rats

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2019-0769 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 761-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agustina Creus ◽

Adriana Chicco ◽

Silvina M. Álvarez ◽

María S. Giménez ◽

Yolanda Bolzón de Lombardo

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Related Factor ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Salvia Hispanica ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Chia Seed ◽

Salvia Hispanica L

Salvia hispanica L., commonly known as chia seed, has beneficial effects upon some signs of metabolic syndrome (MS), such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. However, its action on cardiac oxidative stress associated with MS remains unknown. The goal of this study was to analyze the possible beneficial effects of chia seed (variety Salba) upon the oxidative stress of left ventricle heart muscle (LV) of a well-established dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rat model induced by feeding them a sucrose-rich diet (SRD). Male Wistar rats received an SRD for 3 months. After that, for 3 additional months, half of the animals continued with the SRD, while the other half received the SRD containing chia as the source of dietary fat instead corn oil (SRD+chia). In the LV of SRD-fed rats, chia seed improved/reverted the depleted activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase, and ameliorated manganese superoxide dismutase messenger RNA (mRNA) levels increasing the expression of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Improved the glutathione redox estate, reactive oxygen species, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances contents normalizing the p47NOX subunit mRNA level. Furthermore, chia normalized hypertension and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers. The findings show that chia seed intake impacts positively upon oxidative imbalance of LV of dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rats. Novelty Healthy effects of chia seed involve an improvement of cardiac antioxidant defenses through Nrf2 induction. Chia seed intake reduces cardiac oxidative stress markers of dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rats. Dietary chia seed restores cardiac unbalanced redox state of dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rats.

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A Role for Both V1a and V2 Receptors in Renal Heat Stress Injury Amplified by Rehydration with Fructose

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20225764 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (22) ◽

pp. 5764

Author(s):

Fernando E. García-Arroyo ◽

Itzel Muñoz-Jiménez ◽

Guillermo Gonzaga ◽

Edilia Tapia ◽

Horacio Osorio-Alonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Renal Damage ◽

Tap Water ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Stress Injury ◽

Mild Heat ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Vasopressin Receptors ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Chronic vasopressin secretion induced by recurrent mild heat stress exposure is significantly enhanced by limited rehydration with a fructose-containing beverage both in rodents and in humans. Moreover, this effect has been associated with upregulation of the polyol–fructokinase pathway and increased renal oxidative stress. Previously, we have shown that pharmacological inhibition of both V1a and V2 vasopressin receptors with conivaptan improved such renal alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the independent contributions of V1a and V2 receptors to the renal damage caused by mild heat stress and limited rehydration with a fructose-containing beverage. Osmotic minipumps were used to deliver either relcovaptan (0.64 mg/day) or tolvaptan (0.25 mg/day) in male Wistar rats for two weeks. Corresponding dilution vehicles were used as controls. To induce dehydration, rats were exposed to mild heat stress (37 °C for 1 h, Monday to Friday). All groups received a 10% fructose solution as a rehydration fluid for 2 h after mild heat stress. For the remainder of the day and on weekends, rats received tap water. The independent blockade of either the V1a or the V2 receptor prevented renal damage, reduced oxidative stress, and decreased plasma cortisol and systemic inflammation. However, the beneficial effects were regulated by different mechanisms. Tolvaptan inhibited polyol–fructokinase pathway overactivation, while relcovaptan prevented upregulation of the renin–angiotensin system and SGK1 expression. These data suggest that both V1a and V2 receptors participate in renal damage caused by heat stress-induced dehydration when fructose-containing beverages are used as rehydration fluids.

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A maternal low-protein diet and neonatal overnutrition result in similar changes to glomerular morphology and renal cortical oxidative stress measures in male Wistar rats

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2018-0288 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 164-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anderson Pedroza ◽

Diorginis Soares Ferreira ◽

David F. Santana ◽

Pedro Thiago da Silva ◽

Francisco Carlos Amanajás de Aguiar Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Renal Cortex ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Low Protein Diet ◽

Low Protein ◽

Oxidative Balance ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Glomerular Morphology

There is a strong correlation between inadequate gestational and postpartum nutrition and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. The present study investigated the effects of a maternal low-protein diet and neonatal overfeeding on the oxidative balance and morphology of the renal cortex of male Wistar rats. Two independent protocols were used. First, pregnant Wistar rats received diets containing either 17% (normal protein) or 8% (low protein) casein throughout pregnancy and lactation. Second, the litter size was reduced by one-third on the third postnatal day to induce overnourishment in offspring. At 30 days, the oxidative balance and morphology of the renal cortex were analyzed. There was a small but significant increase in renal corpuscle area in the low protein (LP, 5%) and overnutrition (ON, 8%) groups. Glomerular tuft area also increased in LP (6%) and ON (9%), as did glomerular cellularity (LP, +11%; ON, +12%). In the oxidative stress analyses, both nutritional insults significantly elevated lipid peroxidation (LP, +18%; ON, +135%) and protein oxidation (LP, +40%; ON, +65%) while significantly reducing nonenzymatic antioxidant defenses, measured as reduced glutathione (LP, –32%; ON, –45%) and total thiol content (LP, –28%; ON, –24%). We also observed a decrease in superoxide dismutase (LP, –78%; ON, –51%), catalase (LP, –18%; ON, –61%), and glutathione S-transferase (only in ON, –44%) activities. Our results demonstrate that nutritional insults, even those of a very different nature, during perinatal development can result in similar changes in oxidative parameters and glomerular morphology in the renal cortex.

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Dietary restriction and fibre supplementation: oxidative stress and metabolic shifting for cardiac health

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y03-097 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 81 (11) ◽

pp. 1042-1048 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yeda S Diniz ◽

Antonio C Cicogna ◽

Carlos R Padovani ◽

Maeli D.P Silva ◽

Luciane A Faine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dietary Restriction ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Citrate Synthase ◽

Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Main Process ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Dietary modification ought to be the first line of strategy in prevention of the development of cardiac disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary restriction, dietary-fibre-enriched diet, and their interactions might affect antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in cardiac tissue. Male Wistar rats (180–200 g; n = 10) were divided into four groups: control ad libitum diet (C), 50% restricted diet (DR), fed with fibre-enriched diet (F), and 50% restricted fibre-enriched diet (DR-F). After 35 days of the treatments, F, DR, and DR-F rats showed low cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triacylglycerol, and high HDL-cholesterol in serum. The DR, DR-F, and F groups had decreased myocardial lipoperoxide and lipid hydroperoxide. The DR-F and F treatments increased superoxide dismutase and glutatione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The DR treatment increased GSH-Px and catalase activities. Dietary fibre beneficial effects were related to metabolic alterations. The F and DR-F groups showed high cardiac glycogen and low lactate dehydrogenase/citrate synthase ratios, indicating diminished anaerobic and elevated aerobic myocardial metabolism in these animals. There was no synergistic effect between dietary restriction and dietary fibre addition, since no differences were observed in markers of oxidative stress in the F and DR-F groups. Dietary fibre supplementation, rather than energy intake and dietary restriction, appears to be the main process retarding oxidative stress in cardiac tissue.Key words: dietary fibre, dietary restriction, cardiac tissue, oxidative stress.

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Oxidative Stress as a Mediator of Cardiovascular Disease

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.4161/oxim.2.5.9441 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 259-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 204

Author(s):

Maqsood M. Elahi ◽

Yu Xiang Kong ◽

Bashir M. Matata

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Nitrosative Stress ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽

Redox Balance ◽

Reactive Oxidant Species ◽

Reactive Oxidant

During physiological processes molecules undergo chemical changes involving reducing and oxidizing reactions. A molecule with an unpaired electron can combine with a molecule capable of donating an electron. The donation of an electron is termed as oxidation whereas the gaining of an electron is called reduction. Reduction and oxidation can render the reduced molecule unstable and make it free to react with other molecules to cause damage to cellular and sub-cellular components such as membranes, proteins and DNA. In this paper, we have discussed the formation of reactive oxidant species originating from a variety of sources such as nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS), xanthine oxidases (XO), the cyclooxygenases, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) oxidase isoforms and metal-catalyzed reactions. In addition, we present a treatise on the physiological defences such as specialized enzymes and antioxidants that maintain reduction-oxidation (redox) balance. We have also given an account of how enzymes and antioxidants can be exhausted by the excessive production of reactive oxidant species (ROS) resulting in oxidative stress/nitrosative stress, a process that is an important mediator of cell damage. Important aspects of redox imbalance that triggers the activity of a number of signaling pathways including transcription factors activity, a process that is ubiquitous in cardiovascular disease related to ischemia/reperfusion injury have also been presented.

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