scholarly journals Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Proteome Changes Profoundly in Milk

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Kristina J. H. Kleinwort ◽  
Bernhard F. Hobmaier ◽  
Ricarda Mayer ◽  
Christina Hölzel ◽  
Roxane L. Degroote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Specific Lipids ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Proteome Changes

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) are detectable viable in milk and other dairy products. The molecular mechanisms allowing the adaptation of MAP in these products are still poorly understood. To obtain information about respective adaptation of MAP in milk, we differentially analyzed the proteomes of MAP cultivated for 48 h in either milk at 37 °C or 4 °C or Middlebrook 7H9 broth as a control. From a total of 2197 MAP proteins identified, 242 proteins were at least fivefold higher in abundance in milk. MAP responded to the nutritional shortage in milk with upregulation of 32% of proteins with function in metabolism and 17% in fatty acid metabolism/synthesis. Additionally, MAP upregulated clusters of 19% proteins with roles in stress responses and immune evasion, 19% in transcription/translation, and 13% in bacterial cell wall synthesis. Dut, MmpL4_1, and RecA were only detected in MAP incubated in milk, pointing to very important roles of these proteins for MAP coping with a stressful environment. Dut is essential and plays an exclusive role for growth, MmpL4_1 for virulence through secretion of specific lipids, and RecA for SOS response of mycobacteria. Further, 35 candidates with stable expression in all conditions were detected, which could serve as targets for detection. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027444.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in dairy cattle of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
S. Singh ◽  
◽  
I. P. Dhakal ◽  
U. M. Singh ◽  
B. Devkota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Specific Sequences

Paratuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is an economically important, endemic in many parts of the globe, and regarded as high prevalent disease of domestic and wild animals, especially ruminants, which is manifest as chronic granulomatous enteritis with decreased milk production, with serious cases resulting in progressive emaciation and death. Understanding the genetic variability of MAP, strains are important in diagnosis, epidemiological investigation, and therefore the formation of strategies for prevention and control of the disease. Thus, this study was designed to grasp the molecular characterization of MAP isolates of Nepal, as pioneer research of this area. Total of 46 MAP isolates obtained from cattle population of three different locations of dairy pocket areas of Chitwan, Nepal were typed using IS1311 polymerase chain reaction-restriction endonuclease analysis (PCR-REA) to research the MAP genotype of Nepal. The extracted DNA samples (n=46) were analyzed for the presence of MAP specific sequences (IS900) using PCR and DNA samples were further subjected to genotype differentiation using IS1311 PCR-REA and IS1311 L2 PCR-REA methods. All the DNA samples were positive for the entire three MAP specific sequences based PCRs. This study revealed that ‘Bison type’ strain is the single most prevalent MAP genotype circulating within the domestic cattle population of Nepal. IS1311 PCR-REA showed that MAP DNA samples of Nepal origin belonged to ‘Bison type’, whereas, IS1311 L2 PCR-REA method showed similarity with "Indian Bison type" and different restriction profiles of ‘Bison type’ genotype as compared to non-Indian strains. The study concludes that in Nepal, "Bison type" MAP stains was prevalent in all the MAP samples obtained from dairy cattle. These results have important epidemiological implications regarding control and prevention of paratuberculosis in Nepal.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and multiple sclerosis in Sardinian patients: epidemiology and clinical features

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1437-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Frau ◽  
D Cossu ◽  
G Coghe ◽  
L Lorefice ◽  
G Fenu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Therapy Studies

Background: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is an infectious factor recently found in association with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Sardinia. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to confirm this association and evaluate its role in clinical features. Methods: A total of 436 patients and 264 healthy controls (HCs) were included. We examined the blood of each individual for MAPDNA and MAP2694 antibodies using IS900-specific PCR and ELISA, respectively. Differences in MAP presence between the MS group and HCs were evaluated. In MS patients, we considered: gender, age, age at onset, duration of disease, course, EDSS, therapy, relapse/steroids at study time, and oligoclonal bands (OBs). Results: MAPDNA and MAP2694 antibodies were detected in 68 MS and six HCs ( p = 1.14 × 10−11), and 123 MS and 10 HCs ( p = 2.59 × 10−23), respectively. OBs were found with reduced frequency in MAP-positive patients (OR = 0.52; p = 0.02). MAP2694 antibodies were detected more in patients receiving MS treatments (OR = 2.26; p = 0.01), and MAPDNA in subjects on steroids (OR = 2.65; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Our study confirmed the association of MAP and MS in Sardinia. The low OB frequency in MAP patients suggests a peripheral role as a trigger in autoimmunity. MAP positivity might be influenced by steroids and MS therapy. Studies in other populations are needed to confirm the role of MAP in MS.

scholarly journals Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in an Egyptian mixed breeding farm and comparative molecular characterisation of isolates from cattle, camels and cats – a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salem ◽  
W. El-Deeb ◽  
K. Abdel-Moein ◽  
A. El-Sayed ◽  
A. Fayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Pcr Techniques

The present study records and investigates an outbreak of Johne’s Disease in a mixed breeding camel – cattle farm and the possible role of non-domestic non-ruminants animals in the epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Egypt. For this reason, faecal samples were collected from 24 dairy cattle and from 15 one humped Arabian camels suffering from diarrhoea. Moreover, intestinal tissue samples were provided from 7 cats and 2 rats that were caught from the same farm and were euthanized before necropsy. Samples were examined using traditional culture and IS900 PCR techniques together with the application of BstEII-IS900 RFLP for typing of obtained isolates. Interestingly, MAP was recovered from cattle (n=8) and from camels (n=3) and non-domestic cats (n=3) reared under local conditions in this farm in Egypt. The obtained results highlight the potential role of cats in the epidemiology of MAP, a subject which needs further investigation and might have a public health importance, catsbeing common members of many families.

scholarly journals Interplay of primary bovine lymphocytes and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis shows distinctly different proteome changes and immune pathways in host-pathogen interaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina J.H. Kleinwort ◽  
Stefanie M. Hauck ◽  
Roxane L. Degroote ◽  
Armin M. Scholz ◽  
Christina Hölzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Immune Phenotype ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Proteome Changes

AbstractMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a pathogen causing paratuberculosis in cattle and small ruminants. During the long asymptomatic subclinical stage, high numbers of MAP are excreted and can be transmitted to food, where they survive many of the standard techniques of food decontamination. If these MAP are harmful to the consumers is currently under debate. In general, there is a lack of information regarding interaction of the hosts immune system with MAP.In this study, we tested the interaction of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from cattle with MAP in their exoproteomes/secretomes. Because in other mycobacterial infections, the immune phenotype correlates with susceptibility, we additionally tested the interaction of MAP with recently detected immune deviant cows.In PBL, different biological pathways were enhanced in response to MAP dependent on the immune phenotype of the host. PBL of control cows activated members of cell activation and chemotaxis of leukocytes pathway as well as IL-12 mediated signaling. In contrast, in ID cows CNOT1 was detected as highly abundant protein, pointing to a different immune response, which could be favorable for MAP. Additionally, MAP reacted different to the hosts. Their exoproteomes differed in either GroEL1 or DnaK abundance, depending on the interacting immune response.These findings point to an interdependent, tightly regulated response of MAP and the immune system.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Virulence: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2623
Author(s):  
Judah Ssekitoleko ◽  
Lonzy Ojok ◽  
Ahmed Abd El Wahed ◽  
Joseph Erume ◽  
Ahmad Amanzada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Host Defense System ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

To propose a solution for control of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infections in animals as well as in humans, and develop effective prevention, diagnostic and treatment strategies, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms of MAP pathogenesis. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms utilised by MAP to overcome the host defense system to achieve the virulence status. Putative MAP virulence genes are mentioned and their probable roles in view of other mycobacteria are discussed. This review provides information on MAP strain diversity, putative MAP virulence factors and highlights the knowledge gaps regarding MAP virulence mechanisms that may be important in control and prevention of paratuberculosis.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Novel ELISA for the Specific Detection of Antibodies against Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Based on a Chimeric Polyprotein

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Roberto Damián Moyano ◽  
Magali Andrea Romero ◽  
María Alejandra Colombatti Olivieri ◽  
María Fiorella Alvarado Pinedo ◽  
Gabriel Eduardo Traveria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Development And Validation

Bovine paratuberculosis (PTB) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The optimization of detection tests specific for MAP is crucial to improve PTB control. In this work, we aimed to develop and validate a diagnostic tool based on an ELISA to specifically detect anti-MAP antibodies from bovine serum samples. For that purpose, we designed a recombinant polyprotein containing four specific antigens from MAP and optimized the ELISA. The validation consisted of the assessment of 10 sera from PTB-infected and healthy bovines with different OD values. The diagnostic performance of the polyprotein-ELISA was evaluated by testing 130 bovine serum samples (47 healthy, 48 MAP-infected, and 35 M. bovis-infected bovines). The ELISA using the polyprotein yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.9912 (95% CI, 0.9758–1.007; P  < 0.0001). Moreover, for this ELISA, the cut-off selected from the ROC curve based on the point with a sensitivity of 95.56% (95% CI, 0.8485–0.9946) and specificity of 97.92 (95% CI, 0.8893–0.9995) was 0.3328. Similar results were obtained with an ELISA using the commercial Paratuberculosis Protoplasmatic Antigen (PPA). However, the ELISA with the polyprotein antigen showed a better performance against sera from animals infected with Mycobacterium bovis compared to the ELISA with PPA: lower cross-reactivity (2.85% versus 25.71%). These results demonstrate a very low cross-reactivity of the polyprotein with antibodies present in serum samples from animals infected with M. bovis. The designed polyprotein and the validated ELISA could be very useful for the specific identification of MAP-infected animals in herds.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis and Crohn’s Regional Ileitis: How Strong is Association?

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 069-074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarman Singh ◽  
Krishnamoorthy Gopinath
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Regional Ileitis ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a well-established etiological agent of Johne’s disease in animals. In humans, similar clinical condition, first described by Crohn as regional ileitis in 1932, now known as Crohn’s diseases (CD), has also been associated with this mycobacterial species. However, there are two schools of thoughts, one favoring MAP as its etiological agent while the second considers it as an immune-inflammatory condition triggered by an external factor. Onset of CD requires a series of events including predisposition of certain inherited genetic traits, associated environmental stimuli, and immune-inflammatory response. A combination of these factors probably leads to this disease. Recently, some human genes have also been identified which regulate ability to respond appropriately to the external factors. Added to these factors are concerns about the selection of clinical specimens and poor adherence to laboratory quality controls. The literature is full of contradictory findings, but there a lack of uniformity in the materials and methods used by many of these researchers. In this review, we provide our perspective under above circumstances and give our point of view which may open a platform for debate regarding the MAP as the etiological agent of human CD.

scholarly journals Grass silage contaminated with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP): a possible source of paratuberculosis infection in ruminants?

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Khol ◽  
V. Beran ◽  
P. Kralik ◽  
M. Trckova ◽  
I. Pavlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Solid Culture ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
A Minor

&nbsp;Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in ruminants. Paratuberculosis can cause severe economic losses and is acknowledged as one of the most important diseases of ruminants today. High amounts of MAP can be shed in the faeces of infected individuals and can survive for a long period in the environment. In the presented trial, baled grass silage was inoculated with a MAP-suspension, and the viability of MAP was studied over time. Samples from the bales were taken at increasing intervals and subsequently tested for the presence of MAP by solid culture on Herrold's Egg Yolk Media (HEYM), liquid culture and real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the IS900 and F57 fragments. No growth of MAP was observed at any time on solid or in liquid cultures, except at the time of inoculation; PCR detections were positive in the majority of the bales. From the results of the presented study, baled grass silage can be classed as a minor risk for the transmission of MAP.

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