scholarly journals Chemical Composition of an Aphid Antifeedant Extract from an Endophytic Fungus, Trichoderma sp. EFI671

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutan Kaushik ◽  
Carmen E. Díaz ◽  
Hemraj Chhipa ◽  
L. Fernando Julio ◽  
M. Fe Andrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Linoleate ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Botanical and fungal biopesticides, including endophytes, are in high demand given the current restrictive legislations on the use of chemical pesticides. As part of an ongoing search for new biopesticides, a series of fungal endophytes have been isolated from selected medicinal plants including Lauraceae species. In the current study, an extract from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. EFI 671, isolated from the stem parts of the medicinal plant Laurus sp., was screened for bioactivity against plant pathogens (Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi) and plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica), with positive results against M. persicae. The chemical study of the neutral fraction of the active hexane extract resulted in the isolation of a triglyceride mixture (m1), eburicol (2), β-sitostenone (3), ergosterol (4) and ergosterol peroxide (5). The free fatty acids present in the acid fraction of the extract and in m1 (oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic) showed strong dose-dependent antifeedant effects against M. persicae. Liquid (potato dextrose broth, PDB and Sabouraud Broth, SDB) and solid (corn, sorghum, pearl millet and rice) growth media were tested in order to optimize the yield and bioactivity of the fungal extracts. Pearl millet and corn gave the highest extract yields. All the extracts from these solid media had strong effects against M. persicae, with sorghum being the most active. Corn media increased the methyl linoleate content of the extract, pearl millet media increased the oleic acid and sorghum media increased the oleic and linoleic acids compared to rice. The antifeedant effects of these extracts correlated with their content in methyl linoleate and linoleic acid. The phytotoxic effects of these extracts against ryegrass, Lolium perenne, and lettuce, Lactuca sativa, varied with culture media, with sorghum being non- toxic.

scholarly journals Aphid Antifeedant Fatty Acids from an Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma sp. EFI671

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutan Kaushik ◽  
Carmen E. Diaz ◽  
Hemraj Chhipa ◽  
L. Fernando Julio ◽  
Maria Fe Andres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Solid Media

Increasing pesticide resistance in plant pathogens is major concern in agriculture production. Research on ecofriendly alternatives of chemical pesticides are more in demand in pesticide industry. In the current study, an ethyl acetate extract from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. EFI 671, isolated from the stem parts of the medicinal plant Laurus sp., was screened for bioactivity against plant pathogens (Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi) and plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica). The bioactive components have been characterized following a bioassay-guided isolation against M. persicae. The chemical study of this bioactive extract resulted in the isolation of 1-oleoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-palmitoylglycerol (1), eburicol (2), (24R)-stigmast-4-ene-3-one or β-sitostenone (3), ergosterol (4) and ergosterol peroxide (5). The free fatty acids present in compound 1 (oleic, linoleic and palmitic) showed strong dose-dependent aphid antifeedant effects against M. persicae. Liquid (PDB, and SDB) and solid (corn, sorghum, pearl millet and rice) growth media were tested in order to optimize the yield and bioactivity of the fungal extracts. Pearl millet and corn gave the highest extract yields. All the extracts from these solid media had strong effects against M. persicae with sorghum being the most active. Corn increased the content in linolenic, pearl millet the oleic and stearic and sorghum oleic and linolenic acids compared to rice. Their antifeedant effects correlated with linoleic /oleic acids. The phytotoxic effects of these extracts against Lolium perenne and Lactuca sativa varied with culture media, with sorghum being the least toxic.

scholarly journals Bioactive Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Viridiana Morales-Sánchez ◽  
Carmen E. Díaz ◽  
Elena Trujillo ◽  
Sonia A. Olmeda ◽  
Felix Valcarcel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

In the current study, an ethyl acetate extract from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2 isolated from the stem parts of the endemic plant Bethencourtia palmensis was screened for its biocontrol properties against plant pathogens (Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria alternata, and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi), plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica), and ticks (Hyalomma lusitanicum). SPH2 gave extracts with strong fungicidal and ixodicidal effects at different fermentation times. The bioguided isolation of these extracts gave compounds 1–3. Mellein (1) showed strong ixodicidal effects and was also fungicidal. This is the first report on the ixodicidal effects of 1. Neoaspergillic acid (2) showed potent antifungal effects. Compound 2 appeared during the exponential phase of the fungal growth while neohydroxyaspergillic acid (3) appeared during the stationary phase, suggesting that 2 is the biosynthetic precursor of 3. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A was not detected under the fermentation conditions used in this work. Therefore, SPH2 could be a potential biotechnological tool for the production of ixodicidal extracts rich in mellein.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and Antifungal Activities of 5-Hydroxyramulosin, a Compound Produced by an Endophytic Fungus Isolated fromCinnamomum mollisimum

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Santiago ◽  
Chris Fitchett ◽  
Murray H. G. Munro ◽  
Juriyati Jalil ◽  
Jacinta Santhanam
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Extract Fraction

An endophytic fungus isolated from the plantCinnamomum mollissimumwas investigated for the bioactivity of its metabolites. The fungus, similar to aPhomasp., was cultured in potato dextrose broth for two weeks, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The crude extract obtained was fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Both crude extract and fractions were assayed for cytotoxicity against P388 murine leukemic cells and inhibition of bacterial and fungal pathogens. The bioactive extract fraction was purified further and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectral and X-ray crystallography analysis. A polyketide compound, 5-hydroxyramulosin, was identified as the constituent of the bioactive fungal extract fraction. This compound inhibited the fungal pathogenAspergillus niger(IC501.56 μg/mL) and was cytotoxic against murine leukemia cells (IC502.10 μg/mL). 5-Hydroxyramulosin was the major compound produced by the endophytic fungus. This research suggests that fungal endophytes are a good source of bioactive metabolites which have potential applications in medicine.

scholarly journals Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Produced by the Fungal Endophytes of Conifers

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea A. Stierle ◽  
Donald B. Stierle
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Human Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

This is a review of bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from conifer-associated endophytic fungi from 1990-2014. This includes compounds with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity towards human cancer cell lines, and activity against either plant pathogens or plant insect pests. Compounds that were originally reported without associated activity were included if other studies ascribed activity to these compounds. Compounds were not included if they were exclusively phytotoxic or if they were isolated from active extracts but were not determined to be the active component of that extract.

scholarly journals Bioactive Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viridiana Morales-Sánchez ◽  
Carmen E. Díaz ◽  
Elena Trujillo ◽  
Rubén Muñoz ◽  
A. Sonia Olmeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Molecular Ions ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Endemic Plant

In the current study, an ethyl acetate extract from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus ochraceus SPH2 isolated from the stem parts of the endemic plant Bethencourtia palmensis was screened for its biocontrol properties against plant pathogens (Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi), plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica) and ticks (Hyalomma lusitanicum). SPH2 gave extracts with strong fungicidal and ixodicidal effects at different fermentation times. The bioguided isolation of these extracts gave compounds 1-3. Mellein (1) showed strong ixodicidal effects and was also fungicidal. This is the first report on the ixodicidal effects of 1. Neoaspergillic acid (2) showed potent antifungal effects. Compound 2 appeared during the exponential phase of the fungal growth while neohydroxyaspergillic acid (3) appeared during the stationary phase, suggesting that 2 is the biosynthetic precursor of 3. Additional molecular ions compatible with pyrazynes that were detected during the exponential phase included flavacol, and aspergilliamide while ochramide A was mostly detected during the stationary phase of the fermentation. Moreover, polyketids were also detected during the sationaty phase of the fermentation curve (dihydroaspyrone, aspyrone, asperlactone) and the alkaloid circumdatin H. Ochratoxin A was not detected. Therefore, SPH2 could be a potential biotechnological tool for the production of ixodicidal mellein.

Evaluation of the growth and sporulation of different entomopathogenic fungi in different liquid and solid media at varied concentrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 5459
Author(s):  
Chandra Teja K. ◽  
Rahman S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Virulent Strains

Entomopathogenic fungi like Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii are used in biological control of agricultural insect pests. Their specific mode of action makes them an effective alternative to the chemical Insecticides. Virulent strains of Entomopathogenic fungi are effectively formulated and used as bio-insecticides world-wide. Amenable and economical multiplication of a virulent strain in a large scale is important for them to be useful in the field. Culture media plays a major role in the large-scale multiplication of virulent strains of Entomopathogens. Different substrates and media components are being used for this purpose. Yet, each strain differs in its nutritional requirements for the maximum growth and hence it is necessary to standardize the right components and their optimum concentrations in the culture media for a given strain of Entomopathogen. In the current study, three different nitrogen sources and two different carbon sources were tried to standardize the mass multiplication media for seven test isolates of Entomopathogenic fungi. A study was also conducted to determine the ideal grain media for the optimum conidial yields of the test isolates. Yeast extract was found to be the best Nitrogen source for the isolates. The isolates tested, differed in their nutritional requirements and showed variation in the best nitrogen and carbon sources necessary for their growth. Variation was also found in the optimum concentration of both the ingredients for the growth and sporulation of the isolates. In the solid-state fermentation study, rice was found to be the best grain for the growth of most of the fungi followed by barley. The significance of such a study in the development of an effective Myco-insecticide is vital and can be successfully employed in agriculture is discussed.

scholarly journals Bioactive Polyketides From the Potato Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus carneus

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2098522
Author(s):  
Xian Zhang ◽  
Fa-Lei Zhang ◽  
Xing Wu ◽  
Ke Ye ◽  
Xiao Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Effective Antioxidant

A previously undescribed polyketide (1) and 3 known analogs (2-4) were obtained from cultures of the potato endophytic fungus Aspergillus carneus. The structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was further determined by electronic circular dichroism and optical rotation calculations. Compounds 1-4 showed moderate antifungal activity against plant pathogens. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 13.36, 30.16, and 51.47 µM, respectively. Compound 4 showed effective antioxidant activity.

Neural anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenoids from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. Xy24

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 651-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Jin-Lian Zhao ◽  
Ji-Mei Liu ◽  
Ri-Dao Chen ◽  
Ke-Bo Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Evaluation of in-vitro methods to select effective streptomycetes against toxigenic fusaria

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Maria Colombo ◽  
Cristina Pizzatti ◽  
Andrea Kunova ◽  
Claudio Gardana ◽  
Marco Saracchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
In Planta ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

Biocontrol microorganisms are emerging as an effective alternative to pesticides. Ideally, biocontrol agents (BCAs) for the control of fungal plant pathogens should be selected by an in vitro method that is high-throughput and is predictive of in planta efficacy, possibly considering environmental factors, and the natural diversity of the pathogen. The purpose of our study was (1) to assess the effects ofFusariumstrain diversity (N= 5) and culture media (N= 6) on the identification of biological control activity ofStreptomycesstrains (N= 20) againstFusariumpathogens of wheat in vitro and (2) to verify the ability of our in vitro screening methods to simulate the activity in planta. Our results indicate that culture media,Fusariumstrain diversity, and their interactions affect the results of an in vitro selection by dual culture assay. The results obtained on the wheat-based culture media resulted in the highest correlation score (r= 0.5) with the in planta root rot (RR) inhibition, suggesting that this in vitro method was the best predictor of in planta performance of streptomycetes against Fusarium RR of wheat assessed as extension of the necrosis on the root. Contrarily, none of the in vitro plate assays using the media tested could appropriately predict the activity of the streptomycetes against Fusarium foot rot symptoms estimated as the necrosis at the crown level. Considering overall data of correlation, the activity in planta cannot be effectively predicted by dual culture plate studies, therefore improved in vitro methods are needed to better mimic the activity of biocontrol strains in natural conditions. This work contributes to setting up laboratory standards for preliminary screening assays ofStreptomycesBCAs against fungal pathogens.

scholarly journals Characterization and Lipolytic Activity of Bacteria Isolates from Freshwater Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Opara C N ◽  
◽  
Anumudu C K ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Mercenaria Mercenaria ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Freshwater Clam

Lipases form an important group of relevant enzymes which have applications in various fields including; food, pharmaceutical, detergent, textile and cosmetic industries. Lipases can be produced from diverse sources including microorganisms. This study evaluated the potential of bacteria isolates from fresh-water clam Mercenaria Mercenaria to produce lipolytic enzymes. Ten samples of Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) were screened for the presence of lipase producing bacteria using classical culture methods. Eleven bacteria species were obtained, of which six (Actinomyces sp., E. coli, Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Clostridium sp. and Klebsiella sp.) produced lipases that had lipolytic activity in breaking down olive oil used in media supplementation. The best culture media and conditions for optimal production of lipases was studied and it was shown that supplementation of growth media with 2% dextrose at neutral pH gave the greatest yield of lipases when lipase producing isolates were grown in shake flasks. Measurement of biomass by culture and turbidimetric methods indicates that the highest cell mass was recorded by Pseudomonas sp at 7.8 x 105 CFU/ml, closely followed by Actinomyces sp. and Bacillus sp., at 6.2 x 105 CFU/ml and 5.3 x 105 respectively. The produced lipases were partially purified by precipitating with ammonium sulphate followed by dialysis. The total protein content of produced lipases was evaluated by the Lowry’s method, showing that estimated protein content followed the same trend as cell biomass with the highest recorded by Pseudomonas sp. at 1.53mg/ml, followed by Actinomyces sp. and Bacillus sp. at 1.47mg/ml and 1.32mg/ml respectively. The results obtained in this study shows that isolates obtained from freshwater clam can produce potent lipases which can be employed for industrial, food and other diverse uses

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