scholarly journals Virucidal Effect of the Mesoscopic Structure of CAC-717 on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2096
Author(s):  
Takashi Yokoyama ◽  
Tomoyasu Nishimura ◽  
Yoshifumi Uwamino ◽  
Kenjiro Kosaki ◽  
Koichi Furusaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Viral Infectivity ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
Virucidal Activity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mesoscopic Structure ◽  
Calcium Bicarbonate ◽  
Virucidal Effect

Here, the virucidal effect of calcium bicarbonate with a mesoscopic structure (CAC-717) on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was determined. Assays showed that CAC-717 had a strong virucidal effect on all examined SARS-CoV-2 isolates, including variant strains. The viral infectivity decreased within 15 s, and the virucidal activity of CAC-717 at a 1:49 ratio was similar to that of ethanol disinfectant. CAC-717 neutralization eliminated this virucidal effect, indicating that the alkaline condition of CAC-717 is important for virus inactivation and is an indicator of its mesoscopic structure and virucidal activity. The virucidal effect was observed in the presence of organic matter (bovine serum albumin). CAC-717 is a non-invasive and non-flammable substance with a low environmental burden, and its usefulness as a novel disinfectant has been confirmed.

scholarly journals Buccal swabs as non-invasive specimens for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110169
Author(s):  
Ritu Gaur ◽  
Dipesh Kumar Verma ◽  
Ritin Mohindra ◽  
Kapil Goyal ◽  
Shipra Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Buccal Swab ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Human Rnase ◽  
Buccal Swabs ◽  
Reverse Transcription Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Env Protein

Introduction The current gold standard for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA involves subjecting nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs to reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). However, both sample types need to be collected by trained professionals. Using self-collected buccal swabs as an alternative could simplify and accelerate diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective To assess self-collected buccal swab samples as an alternative method for SARS-CoV-2 detection in patients with COVID-19. Methods Buccal swab samples were self-collected by 73 patients with COVID-19. Total RNA was extracted using Qiagen kits. RNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Env protein and human RNase P as an internal control was amplified using the TRUPCR® SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR kit version 2.1 and a Bio-Rad CFX96 Real-Time Detection System. Result The sensitivity of RT-qPCR from buccal swabs was 58.9% (43/73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 46.77%–70.27%) and that of RT-qPCR from saliva was 62.90% (39/62; 95% CI 49.69%–74.84%) taking positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR from nasopharyngeal swabs as the gold standard. Conclusion Self-collected buccal swabs are promising alternatives to nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs for SARS CoV-2 detection.

scholarly journals In Vitro Virucidal Effect of Intranasally Delivered Chlorpheniramine Maleate Compound Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Cureus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonna B Westover ◽  
Gustavo Ferrer ◽  
Hector Vazquez ◽  
Arian Bethencourt-Mirabal ◽  
Camille Celeste Go
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Chlorpheniramine Maleate ◽  
Virucidal Effect

scholarly journals Virucidal Effect of Cold Atmospheric Gaseous Plasma on Feline Calicivirus, a Surrogate for Human Norovirus

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 3612-3622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamada A. Aboubakr ◽  
Paul Williams ◽  
Urvashi Gangal ◽  
Mohammed M. Youssef ◽  
Sobhy A. A. El-Sohaimy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Virucidal Activity ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Gaseous Plasma ◽  
Virucidal Effect ◽  
Unit Reduction

ABSTRACTMinimal food-processing methods are not effective against foodborne viruses, such as human norovirus (NV). It is important, therefore, to explore novel nonthermal technologies for decontamination of foods eaten fresh, minimally processed and ready-to-eat foods, and food contact surfaces. We studied thein vitrovirucidal activity of cold atmospheric gaseous plasma (CGP) against feline calicivirus (FCV), a surrogate of NV. Factors affecting the virucidal activity of CGP (a so-called radio frequency atmospheric pressure plasma jet) were the plasma generation power, the exposure time and distance, the plasma feed gas mixture, and the virus suspension medium. Exposure to 2.5-W argon (Ar) plasma caused a 5.55 log10unit reduction in the FCV titer within 120 s. The reduction in the virus titer increased with increasing exposure time and decreasing exposure distance. Of the four plasma gas mixtures studied (Ar, Ar plus 1% O2, Ar plus 1% dry air, and Ar plus 0.27% water), Ar plus 1% O2plasma treatment had the highest virucidal effect: more than 6.0 log10units of the virus after 15 s of exposure. The lowest virus reduction was observed with Ar plus 0.27% water plasma treatment (5 log10unit reduction after 120 s). The highest reduction in titer was observed when the virus was suspended in distilled water. Changes in temperature and pH and formation of H2O2were not responsible for the virucidal effect of plasma. The oxidation of viral capsid proteins by plasma-produced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the solution was thought to be responsible for the virucidal effect. In conclusion, CGP exhibits virucidal activityin vitroand has the potential to combat viral contamination in foods and on food preparation surfaces.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Inhibition by Sulfonated Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1894
Author(s):  
Matteo Gasbarri ◽  
Philip V’kovski ◽  
Giulia Torriani ◽  
Volker Thiel ◽  
Francesco Stellacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Virucidal Activity ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Heparan Sulfates

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) depends on angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for cellular entry, but it might also rely on attachment receptors such as heparan sulfates. Several groups have recently demonstrated an affinity of the SARS-CoV2 spike protein for heparan sulfates and a reduced binding to cells in the presence of heparin or heparinase treatment. Here, we investigated the inhibitory activity of several sulfated and sulfonated molecules, which prevent interaction with heparan sulfates, against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-pseudotyped-SARS-CoV-2 and the authentic SARS-CoV-2. Sulfonated cyclodextrins and nanoparticles that have recently shown broad-spectrum non-toxic virucidal activity against many heparan sulfates binding viruses showed inhibitory activity in the micromolar and nanomolar ranges, respectively. In stark contrast with the mechanisms that these compounds present for these other viruses, the inhibition against SARS-CoV-2 was found to be simply reversible.

scholarly journals Retinal Microcirculation as a Correlate of a Systemic Capillary Impairment After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Hohberger ◽  
Marion Ganslmayer ◽  
Marianna Lucio ◽  
Friedrich Kruse ◽  
Jakob Hoffmanns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cotton Wool Spots ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Retinal Microcirculation ◽  
A Prospective Study

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affects the pulmonary systems via angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor, being an entry to systemic infection. As COVID-19 disease features ACE-2 deficiency, a link to microcirculation is proposed. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) enables non-invasive analysis of retinal microvasculature. Thus, an impaired systemic microcirculation might be mapped on retinal capillary system. As recent OCT-A studies, analyzing microcirculation in two subdivided layers, yielded contrary results, an increased subdivision of retinal microvasculature might offer an even more fine analysis. The aim of the study was to investigate retinal microcirculation by OCT-A after COVID-19 infection in three subdivided layers (I). In addition, short-term retinal affections were monitored during COVID-19 disease (II). Considering (I), a prospective study (33 patientspost−COVID and 28 controls) was done. Macula and peripapillary vessel density (VD) were scanned with the Spectralis II. Macula VD was measured in three layers: superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP). Analysis was done by the EA-Tool, including an Anatomical Positioning System and an analysis of peripapillary VD by implementing Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) landmarks. Overall, circular (c1, c2, and c3) and sectorial VD (s1-s12) was analyzed. Considering (II), in a retrospective study, 29 patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection, hospitalized at the intensive care unit, were monitored for retinal findings at bedside during hospitalization. (I) Overall (p = 0.0133) and circular (c1, p = 0.00257; c2, p = 0.0067; and c3, p = 0.0345). VD of the ICP was significantly reduced between patientspost−COVID and controls, respectively. Overall (p = 0.0179) and circular (c1, p = 0.0189) peripapillary VD was significantly reduced between both groups. Subgroup analysis of hospitalized vs. non-hospitalized patientspost−COVID yielded a significantly reduced VD of adjacent layers (DCP and SVP) with increased severity of COVID-19 disease. Clinical severity parameters showed a negative correlation with VD (ICP) and peripapillary VD. (II) Funduscopy yielded retinal hemorrhages and cotton wool spots in 17% of patients during SARS-CoV-2 infection. As VD of the ICP and peripapillary regions was significantly reduced after COVID-19 disease and showed a link to clinical severity markers, we assume that the severity of capillary impairment after COVID-19 infection is mapped on retinal microcirculation, visualized by non-invasive OCT-A.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study on Electrical Impedance Tomography During CPAP Trial in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pneumonia: The Bright Side of Non-invasive Ventilation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Rauseo ◽  
Lucia Mirabella ◽  
Donato Laforgia ◽  
Angela Lamanna ◽  
Paolo Vetuschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Ventilatory Strategy ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Icu Discharge ◽  
Study Results

Background: Different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia phenotypes were described that match with different lung compliance and level of oxygenation, thus requiring a personalized ventilator setting. The burden of so many patients and the lack of intensive care unit (ICU) beds often force physicians to choose non-invasive ventilation (NIV) as the first approach, even if no consent has still been reached to discriminate whether it is safer to choose straightforward intubation, paralysis, and protective ventilation. Under such conditions, electrical impedance tomography (EIT), a non-invasive bedside tool to monitor lung ventilation and perfusion defects, could be useful to assess the response of patients to NIV and choose rapidly the right ventilatory strategy.Objective: The rationale behind this study is that derecruitment is a more efficient measure of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)-dependency of patients than recruitment. We hypothesized that patients who derecruit significantly when PEEP is reduced are the ones that do not need early intubation while small end-expiratory lung volume (ΔEELV) variations after a single step of PEEP de-escalation could be predictive of NIV failure.Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients admitted to ICU with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia ventilated in NIV were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were former intubation or NIV lasting > 72 h. A trial of continuos positive airway pressure (CPAP) 12 was applied in every patient for at least 15 min, followed by the second period of CPAP 6, either in the supine or prone position. Besides standard monitoring, ventilation of patients was assessed by EIT, and end-expiratory lung impedance (ΔEELI) (%) was calculated as the difference in EELI between CPAP12 and CPAP6. Tidal volume (Vt), Ve, respiratory rate (RR), and FiO2 were recorded, and ABGs were measured. Data were analyzed offline using the dedicated software. The decision to intubate or continue NIV was in charge of treating physicians, independently from study results. Outcomes of patients in terms of intubation rate and ICU mortality were recorded.Results: We enrolled 10 male patients, with a mean age of 67 years. Six patients (60%) were successfully treated by NIV until ICU discharge (Group S), and four patients failed NIV and were intubated and switched to MV (Group F). All these patients died in ICU. During the supine CPAP decremental trial, all patients experienced an increase in RR and Ve. ΔEELI was < 40% in Group F and > 50% in Group S. In the prone trial, ΔEELI was > 50% in all patients, while RR decreased in Group S and remained unchanged in Group F.Conclusion: ΔEELI < 40% after a single PEEP de-escalation step in supine position seems to be a good predictor of poor recruitment and CPAP failure.

scholarly journals Virucidal Activity of Nasal Sprays Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Luise Meister ◽  
Daniel Todt ◽  
Yannick Brüggemann ◽  
Joerg Steinmann ◽  
Sepideh Banava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Virucidal Activity ◽  
Nasal Sprays

scholarly journals Mercury in Pelecanus occidentalis of the Cispata bay, Colombia

2014 ◽  
pp. 4168-4174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saudith Burgos N ◽  
José Marrugo N ◽  
Amado Navarro F ◽  
Ivan Urango C
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Cold Vapor ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Pelecanus Occidentalis ◽  
Vapor Method

ABSTRACTObjective. Assessment the total concentration of mercury in the liver and feathers of Pelecanus occidentalis of the Cispata bay, Colombia. Materials and methods. Mercury concentrations in liver and feather of Pelecanus occidentalis residents in the Cispata bay – Colombia were evaluated by digestion with an acidic mixture of H2SO4–HNO3 and KMnO4 to eliminate organic matter. The concentration of mercury was determined by the Atomic Absorption - Cold Vapor method (CVAAS). Results. Total mercury levels found in this study were higher in feathers (0.31-9.17 mgHg/kg) than in the liver (0.63–6.29 mgHg/kg), being higher than those reported in other seabirds studies. Conclusions. The high levels of total mercury in feathers and liver can be explained by the feeding habits of the organisms under study, showing the utility of feathers as a potential non-invasive tool for the monitoring of the ecosystem and thereby preventing the sacrifice of specimens

scholarly journals SALIVA - A PROSPECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR SARS CoV-2

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Tarunya Vishwanath ◽  
Shalini Arumugam ◽  
Sathish. R ◽  
Anitha Logaranjini ◽  
Prashanthi Prashanthi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Specimen Collection

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) now called the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) was first identified in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. Currently RT-PCR using nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal swabs is supposed to be the most efficacious and standard technique for COVID testing, but are invasive and have a few drawbacks due to which, saliva as a diagnostic specimen is proposed. Salivary specimen collection is non-invasive and can be self-collected at any time and repeatedly and greatly minimises the exposure of. healthcare workers to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Thermal Effect On The Persistence Of SARS-CoV2 Egyptian Isolates As Measured By Quantitative RT-PCR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Seadawy ◽  
A.F. Gad ◽  
M.F. Elhoseny ◽  
B. ELharty ◽  
M.S. EL Desoky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractCoronavirus pandemic that caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared in China in 2019 then spread all over the world .COVID-19 firstly appeared in Egypt in Feb 2020. Studies on the thermal stability of the virus is crucial proper specimens’ transportation for molecular study. Oropharyngeal swabs were taken from recently infected military people with COVID-19 from Egypt during April 2020. Samples were aliquoted and the thermal stability of the virus was measured using quantitative real Time RT-PCR for samples treated at different temperature ranges from 20 °C to 70 °C for 2,4and 6 hours. Results shown that inactivation of the virus and significant reduction in the ΔCq values begin at 40 °C/4h. Complete virus inactivation and loss of ΔCq values were seen at 50 °C/6h and 60 °C. Tested samples showed no significant difference in thermal stability at any temp/time combinations tested.

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