scholarly journals Multi-Analytical Characterization of Slags to Determine the Chromium Concentration for a Possible Re-Extraction

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horckmans ◽  
Möckel ◽  
Nielsen ◽  
Kukurugya ◽  
Vanhoof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Sodium Peroxide ◽  
Acid Dissolution ◽  
Spinel Structures

The CHROMIC project (effiCient mineral processing and Hydrometallurgical RecOvery of by-product Metals from low-grade metal contaIning seCondary raw materials) aims to recover chromium from steelmaking and ferrochrome slags to regain valuable resources and simultaneously reduce potential environmental impacts. To develop the recovery flowsheets and reliably calculate metal recovery, an accurate assessment of chromium concentration and distribution is essential. Therefore, model streams were thoroughly characterized using a combination of analytical techniques. In all materials, chromium is present in distinct but often small spinel phases, intergrown with other minerals and showing a considerable zonation in Cr content with higher amounts in the cores. The small size of the Cr-rich particles makes recovery by mineral processing challenging. Measured chromium content was found to differ largely based on the chemical dissolution method applied. The analysis of insoluble residues and comparison with a standard reference material evidenced that standard acid dissolution procedures based on HCl/HNO3/HBF4 and HNO3/HF/H2O2 are insufficient to fully dissolve spinel structures, leading to severe underestimations of chromium content. A sodium peroxide treatment is required for a full dissolution of spinels. This is noteworthy, since most of the legislation for the reuse of slags is currently based on acid dissolution methods.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Microstructure Analysis for Characterization and Provenance of Ceramic Artifacts from Late Helladic Kastrouli Settlement, Delphi (Central Greece)

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Vayia Xanthopoulou ◽  
Ioannis Iliopoulos ◽  
Ioannis Liritzis
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Assemblage ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Local Geology

The present study deals with the characterization of a ceramic assemblage from the Late Mycenaean (Late Helladic III) settlement of Kastrouli, at Desfina near Delphi, Central Greece using various analytical techniques. Kastrouli is located in a strategic position supervising the Mesokampos plateau and the entire peninsula and is related to other nearby coeval settlements. In total 40 ceramic sherds and 8 clay raw materials were analyzed through mineralogical, petrographic and microstructural techniques. Experimental briquettes (DS) made from clayey raw materials collected in the vicinity of Kastrouli, were fired under temperatures (900 and 1050 °C) in oxidizing conditions for comparison with the ancient ceramics. The petrographic analysis performed on thin sections prepared from the sherds has permitted the identification of six main fabric groups and a couple of loners. The aplastic inclusions recognized in all fabric groups but one confirmed the local provenance since they are related to the local geology. Fresh fractures of representative sherds were further examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS) helping us to classify them into calcareous (CaO > 6%) and non-calcareous (CaO < 6%) samples (low and high calcium was noted in earlier pXRF data). Here, the ceramic sherds with broad calcium separation are explored on a one-to-one comparison on the basis of detailed mineralogical microstructure. Moreover, their microstructure was studied, aiming to estimate their vitrification stage. The mineralogy of all studied samples was determined by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), permitting us to test the validity of the firing temperatures revealed by the SEM analysis. The results obtained through the various analytical techniques employed are jointly assessed in order to reveal potters’ technological choices.

scholarly journals NIRS Characterization of Paper Pulps to Predict Kappa Number

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Moral ◽  
Elena Cabeza ◽  
Roberto Aguado ◽  
Antonio Tijero
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
Pulp Properties ◽  
Special Relevance

Rice is one of the most abundant food crops in the world and its straw stands as an important source of fibres both from an economic and an environmental point of view. Pulp characterization is of special relevance in works involving alternative raw materials, since pulp properties are closely linked to the quality of the final product. One of the analytical techniques that can be used in pulp characterization is near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The use of NIRS has economic and technical advantages over conventional techniques. This paper aims to discuss the convenience of using NIRS to predict Kappa number in rice straw pulps produced under different conditions. We found that the resulting Kappa number can be acceptably estimated by NIRS, as the errors obtained with that method are similar to those found for other techniques.

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EGG SHELL BHASMA BY USING MODERN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Kundan Patil
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Modern Analytical

Calcium is one of the essential elements for living beings. As a supplement, it is used to treat Calcium deficiencies due to a calcium deficient diet. In Rasaratnasamuchchaya Calcium bhasma (Eggshell bhasma) is included as a rich calcium supplement. There is a need for work on the determination of the percentage of Calcium in the eggshell and its limit of acceptance. Easy absorption of bhasma in the body is possible when its preparation is carried out in an acidic medium. Lemon juice is one of the acidic mediums employed for this purpose at pH 2.4. The eggshell powder is subjected to five calcination cycles to convert it into the Bhasma. Analysis of Eggshell Bhasma has been done by various modern analytical techniques to determine its exact chemical compositions. Various instrumental methods like XRD, FTIR, and SEM have been incorporated for analysis of raw materials, intermediates as well as final products. The calcium carbonate present in eggshells is in calcite form. In the present work, structural and chemical characterization of eggshell bhasma was carried out to develop an analytical profile of it.

scholarly journals Mineralogical Characteristics of a Micro-Fine and Low Grade Refractory Gold Ore

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Yong Chen ◽  
Yongsheng Song ◽  
Wenjuan Li ◽  
Liulu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Gangue Mineral ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Valuable Metal ◽  
Gold Ore ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Refractory Gold

Detailed characterization of a micro-fine, low-grade refractory gold ore from a beneficiation plant in Yunnan Province, China, was investigated. Different analytical techniques, such as videlicet size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and mineral analysis by a Mineral Liberation Analyser, were used for mineralogical characterization of the ore. The results show that the most valuable metal is gold. Grain size of pyrites and arsenian pyrites, which are main gold carrying minerals, are mostly 1 ~ 30 μ m. The gangue mineral is composed of quartz, mica, dolomite and feldspar, while the content of easy-to-float and clay gangue minerals is up to 33%.

Advances in mineral processing technologies related to iron, magnesium, and lithium

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-146
Author(s):  
Chaoquan Hu ◽  
Yufei He ◽  
Dongfan Liu ◽  
Shuying Sun ◽  
Dianqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Western China ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Exploitation And Utilization ◽  
Economic Developments

Abstract Exploitation and utilization of mineral resources have played a vital role in China’s rapid economic developments. Although the history of mineral processing is quite long, technologies in this field have varied with the changes of market demands. This is particularly the case for minerals whose high-grade deposits are depleting. The aim of this review is to present our recent efforts on developing new routes for the utilization of low-grade minerals, such as iron ores and brine-containing lithium. The emphasis on the two minerals lies in the fact that iron plays a vital role in modern-day civilization and lithium is a key component in electric vehicles for transportation. Furthermore, the utilization of magnesium chloride reserves, one of the largest wastes in western China, as raw materials for fabrication of functional materials is also included in this review.

scholarly journals Mineral Composition and Structural Characterization of the Clinoptilolite Powders Obtained from Zeolite-Rich Tuffs

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Ewelina Pabiś-Mazgaj ◽  
Tomasz Gawenda ◽  
Paweł Pichniarczyk ◽  
Agata Stempkowska
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Clinoptilolite is a precious zeolite mineral that has the most comprehensive physicochemical properties among all the zeolite group minerals. Due to these unique properties, clinoptilolite has a wide range of applications in many different industries. In Poland, the clinoptilolite occurs only as an accompanying mineral in the sedimentary rocks nearby Rzeszów. In Europe, the abundant clinoptilolite-bearing deposits are located in Slovakia and Ukraine, where clinoptilolite mineralization occurs in the volcanic tuffs. Due to clinoptilolite’s rare performance, it is extremely crucial to manage its deposits in a complementary manner. In this paper, the mineralogical and structural characterization of the clinoptilolite powders obtained by mineral processing of the clinoptilolite-rich tuffs from Slovakia and Ukraine deposits were discussed. The scope of research covered determination of the mineral composition of the tuffs, structural analysis of the clinoptilolite crystals, as well as textural and physical properties of the powders obtained by mineral processing of the tuffs. In addition, this paper includes the comparative study of the most significant zeolite deposits in the world and investigated clinoptilolite-rich tuffs. A wide spectrum of methods was used: X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DSC, TG), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS), the laser diffraction technique, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The test results indicated that the major component of the tuffs is clinoptilolite, which crystallized in the form of very fine-crystalline thin plates. The clinoptilolite mineralization in the Ukrainian and Slovakian tuffs exhibited a strong resemblance to the clinoptilolite crystals in Yemeni and Turkish tuffs. With respect to the mineral composition, the investigated tuffs showed excellent conformity with the Miocene white tuffs from Romania. The Ukrainian and Slovakian tuffs do not reveal the presence of the clay minerals, which is quite common for naturally occurring zeolite-rich rocks in various deposits in the world. The textural features together with mineral composition of the investigated samples incline that they are potentially suitable raw materials for the sorbent of petroleum compounds. Moreover, the obtained results can be useful indicators with respect to the crushing and compaction susceptibility of the Ukrainian and Slovakian clinoptilolite-rich tuffs.

scholarly journals Analytical techniques for characterization of raw materials in cell culture media

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (S8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandana Sharma ◽  
Barry Drew ◽  
Kevin Head ◽  
Rani Pusuluri ◽  
Matthew V Caple
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Cell Culture Media

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Some applications of electron beam microanalysis techniques in VLSI process evaluation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Simon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Trends in the technology development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) have been in the direction of higher density of components with smaller dimensions. The scaling down of device dimensions has been not only laterally but also in depth. Such efforts in miniaturization bring with them new developments in materials and processing. Successful implementation of these efforts is, to a large extent, dependent on the proper understanding of the material properties, process technologies and reliability issues, through adequate analytical studies. The analytical instrumentation technology has, fortunately, kept pace with the basic requirements of devices with lateral dimensions in the micron/ submicron range and depths of the order of nonometers. Often, newer analytical techniques have emerged or the more conventional techniques have been adapted to meet the more stringent requirements. As such, a variety of analytical techniques are available today to aid an analyst in the efforts of VLSI process evaluation. Generally such analytical efforts are divided into the characterization of materials, evaluation of processing steps and the analysis of failures.

A very rapid in situ Kikuchi technique to determine relative crystal misorientation

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 830-831
Author(s):  
J. I. Bennetch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kikuchi Pattern ◽  
Kikuchi Line ◽  
Line Analysis

In a recent study of the superplastic forming (SPF) behavior of certain Al-Li-X alloys, the relative misorientation between adjacent (sub)grains proved to be an important parameter. It is well established that the most accurate way to determine misorientation across boundaries is by Kikuchi line analysis. However, the SPF study required the characterization of a large number of (sub)grains in each sample to be statistically meaningful, a very time-consuming task even for comparatively rapid Kikuchi analytical techniques.In order to circumvent this problem, an alternate, even more rapid in-situ Kikuchi technique was devised, eliminating the need for the developing of negatives and any subsequent measurements on photographic plates. All that is required is a double tilt low backlash goniometer capable of tilting ± 45° in one axis and ± 30° in the other axis. The procedure is as follows. While viewing the microscope screen, one merely tilts the specimen until a standard recognizable reference Kikuchi pattern is centered, making sure, at the same time, that the focused electron beam remains on the (sub)grain in question.

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